Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal最新文献_第10页

The use of a forensic blood substitute for impact pattern area of origin estimation via three trajectory analysis programs 使用法医血液替代品通过三个轨迹分析程序估计撞击模式的起源区域

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2018.1463274

Sumiko Polacco, M. Illes, T. Stotesbury

{"title":"The use of a forensic blood substitute for impact pattern area of origin estimation via three trajectory analysis programs","authors":"Sumiko Polacco, M. Illes, T. Stotesbury","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2018.1463274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2018.1463274","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the use of forensic synthetic blood substitute (FBS) for impact pattern simulation and area of origin estimation. Ten impact patterns were created at a known origin using the FBS and were analyzed by groups of undergraduate students participating in a basic bloodstain pattern analysis course. The students selected 20 upward-moving stains from their given patterns to estimate an area of origin. Three linear trajectory models – BackTrack™, Hemospat, and Sherlock – were used to estimate each pattern's area of origin. Coordinate data from each model's analysis were compared with the known origin and between programs at the x-, y-, z-coordinates, and overall. Results from this analysis yielded estimates comparable to the known. A one-way ANOVA found no significant difference between programs at the x- (p = 0.79), y- (p = 0.84), z- (p = 0.96) coordinates, and overall (p = 0.81). These results support the practical use of the FBS as an alternative to whole blood for impact pattern simulations and area of origin estimation.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2018.1463274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44406240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Gunshot residue and airbags: Part I. Assessing the risk of deployed automotive airbags to produce particles similar to gunshot residue 枪弹残余物和安全气囊:第一部分:评估展开的汽车安全气囊产生类似枪弹残余物颗粒的风险

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2018.1463202

Denis J. N. Laflèche, Serge J. J. Brière, Nichole F. Faragher, Nigel G. R. Hearns

{"title":"Gunshot residue and airbags: Part I. Assessing the risk of deployed automotive airbags to produce particles similar to gunshot residue","authors":"Denis J. N. Laflèche, Serge J. J. Brière, Nichole F. Faragher, Nigel G. R. Hearns","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2018.1463202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2018.1463202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A criminal investigation prompted us to assess the risk that a random automotive airbag from a vehicle available in Canada may produce particles similar to inorganic gunshot residue (GSR) if deployed. We analyzed residues collected from 53 separate airbags, surveying 28 different vehicle makes and models, spanning the years 1993–2011. Of the 53 residues analyzed only two passenger-side airbags tested positive for GSR-similar particles containing lead, barium and antimony (PbBaSb). GSR-similar PbBaSb particles from the two positive airbags also incorporated either cobalt or fluorine, thus providing a chemical marker for elimination. Our findings reaffirm that while passenger side airbags can potentially be a non-firearm source of GSR-similar particles, careful inspection of element composition can identify particles uncharacteristic of conventional firearm discharge residue. RÉSUMÉ Une enquête criminelle nous a incités à évaluer le risque qu'un coussin gonflable déployé suite à une collision frontale d'un véhicule puisse produire particules similaires aux résidus de tir inorganiques (RT). Nous avons analysé des résidus de 53 coussins gonflables différents, provenant de 28 différents marques et modèles de véhicules, s’échelonnant de 1993 à 2011. Des 53 résidus sondés, seulement deux coussins du tableau de bord (côté passager) contenaient des particules avec du plomb, du baryum et de l'antimoine (PbBaSb). Ces deux particules contenaient cependant aussi du cobalt ou du fluor, permettant ainsi l'identification d'un marqueur pour fins d’élimination. Nos résultats réaffirment que bien que les coussins gonflables du tableau de bord (côté passager) peuvent être une source potentielle de RT, une inspection minutieuse de la composition élémentaire de ceux-ci peuvent trouver des particules non caractéristiques d'une décharge d'arme à feu conventionnelle.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2018.1463202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Mycobiota associated with human cadavers: First record in Argentina 与人类尸体相关的真菌群:阿根廷首次记录

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2018.1463131

M. C. Tranchida, L. Berruezo, S. Stenglein, M. Cabello

{"title":"Mycobiota associated with human cadavers: First record in Argentina","authors":"M. C. Tranchida, L. Berruezo, S. Stenglein, M. Cabello","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2018.1463131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2018.1463131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cadavers are an abundant source of organic matter. During their decomposition, a variety of organisms – insects, bacteria, and fungi – can feed on them. Within the ambit of forensic science, fungi have thus far received little attention. Nevertheless, the current study found that forensic mycology can be developed as a tool that provides useful evidence for case resolution. The fungal biota found growing on the surface of two cadavers with different post-mortem intervals (PMI) was examined and identified. The fungal samples were cultured and identified by morphology and molecular genetics. Fungal species such as Arthrinium arundinis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Candida guillermondii, Candida lypolitica, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chrysosporium merdarium, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were registered. These findings are the first contributions to forensic mycology from Argentine research. In combination with the joint investigations of forensic researchers worldwide, these results should contribute in the discussion of the use of mycology as a valid forensic tool in which fungi can provide evidence in complex cases.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2018.1463131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44594606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Les paramètres clés de l'interprétation des fibres textiles en sciences criminelles. Partie I: Occurrence et bruit de fond 刑事科学中解释纺织纤维的关键参数。第一部分:发生和背景噪音

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1379683

M. Schnegg, Raymond J. Palmer, G. Massonnet

{"title":"Les paramètres clés de l'interprétation des fibres textiles en sciences criminelles. Partie I: Occurrence et bruit de fond","authors":"M. Schnegg, Raymond J. Palmer, G. Massonnet","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2017.1379683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The question at the centre of forensic expertise is the determination of the probative value of a correspondence between recovered trace evidence and suspect material. In the field of textile fibers, it is necessary to decide on the meaning of non-differentiation between a textile in question and a reference group (of control) fibres from a putative source. To do this, it is possible to use a probabilistic approach, in particular a Bayesian approach, in order to assign a likelihood ratio to the observations resulting from laboratory examinations. Several parameters have to be considered: the rarity of the observed fibres (occurrence), the probability that the latter will come from the criminal action (transfer and persistence) and the probability that they are present by chance (not related to the criminal activity). The present article is a critical review of the sources of information published in the forensic literature that can be used to estimate the parameters for the calculation of the likelihood ratio. The main results are presented and are discussed in the light of the advantages and limitations of different types of studies. In this first part, only the studies dedicated to the determination of the scarcity of the index fibres (occurrence) and the ‘background’ fibres will be presented. Work on the transfer, persistence and recovery of fibres will be dealt with in Part Two.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48143299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

A survey of fire debris casework in Canada, 2011–2016 2011-2016年加拿大火灾碎片个案调查

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1380979

P. Sandercock

引用次数: 7

Digital dermatoglyphic study in three west Algerian populations: Reguibates, Zenata, Oran 数字皮肤纹研究在三个西阿尔及利亚人口:reguates, Zenata, Oran

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1379267

Leïla Adda Neggaz, D. Meroufel, Tahria Deba, Asmahan Bekada, M. Hammadi, S. Mediene Benchekor, A. Rosa, S. Benhamamouch

{"title":"Digital dermatoglyphic study in three west Algerian populations: Reguibates, Zenata, Oran","authors":"Leïla Adda Neggaz, D. Meroufel, Tahria Deba, Asmahan Bekada, M. Hammadi, S. Mediene Benchekor, A. Rosa, S. Benhamamouch","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2017.1379267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379267","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study of Dermatoglyphics has a great importance in medical, judicial, criminal and anthropological research. Human dermatoglyphic traits present variations within and between populations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a descriptive analysis of digital dermatoglyphic traits in three Algerian populations and enrich the anthropogenetic database of this population. The current study was conducted on 315 healthy and consenting individuals, 228 (144 males and 84 females) from Oran, the second most important city in Algeria located in the northwest of the country, 46 Reguibates (20 males and 26 females), and 42 Zenata (16 males and 26 females). The results show that the most common descending order of pattern type frequencies for both hands in the three samples is Ulnar loop, Whorl, Arch, Radial loop. One exception is seen in the Reguibates sample that has an unusually high frequency of radial loop. The analysis of qualitative digital characters revealed bimanual differences in the three populations.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Forensic ballistics analysis of an unusual/unrifled/homemade firearm in the absence of the action 在没有行动的情况下，对一把不寻常的/无膛线的/自制的枪支进行法医弹道分析

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1379704

Gautam N. Ghadage, Ravindra K. Jagtap

{"title":"Forensic ballistics analysis of an unusual/unrifled/homemade firearm in the absence of the action","authors":"Gautam N. Ghadage, Ravindra K. Jagtap","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2017.1379704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Directorate of Forensic Science Laboratories, Mumbai-India, has been receiving and examining homemade/desi-katta/improvised firearms for a long time. In all these cases, our work is always focused on the study of various physical parameters, including barrel parameters such as length, weight, the inner diameter of the muzzle end and the breech end. For the current study, we dealt with an interesting case of an unusual/unrifled barrel which was delivered to the Directorate of Forensic Science Laboratories, Mumbai-India, without its frame/receiver or other parts required for normally discharging cartridges (i.e. the hammer, firing pin, trigger, etc.). Without these components, a test firing was done by manually contacting the primer of the chambered cartridge with a ramrod, and comparison microscopy of the exhibit- and test-fired bullets and expended cartridge cases was performed. From the test firing and comparison microscopy, it was concluded from the microscopy results that the test-fired and exhibit-fired bullet and expended cartridge case had been fired from the same firearm, even without the frame/receiver or other part of firearm required for normal operation.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practical use of commercially available compressed (dry gas) alcohol standards 实际使用市售的压缩(干气体)酒精标准

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1379245

M. Rosland, Jacqueline Montpetit, V. Mendes

{"title":"Practical use of commercially available compressed (dry gas) alcohol standards","authors":"M. Rosland, Jacqueline Montpetit, V. Mendes","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2017.1379245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Approved Instruments for Breath Testing in Canada require the use of alcohol standards to ensure that they are in proper working order at the time of testing. Newer generation breath testing instruments allow for the use of Dry Gas (ethanol and nitrogen in compressed gas tanks) as the alcohol standard. Three areas were evaluated: (1) consistency of alcohol readings over time as the gas tank depletes; (2) altitude compensation in the Intox EC/IR II and Datamaster-DMT at two different elevations; and (3) the effect of exposing the dry gas tanks to weather conditions that could be encountered during shipping or storage. The results demonstrated that (1) the concentration of alcohol was found to remain stable as the tank emptied; (2) both instruments correctly compensated for the change in atmospheric pressure due to elevation change; and (3) when dry gas tanks from different manufacturers were subjected to −20°C for 48 hours, some tanks were found to have decreased pressure and an increase in alcohol concentration. Some tanks exposed to freezing temperatures for an extended period may not produce the appropriate reading and as such precautions should be taken when shipping or storing dry gas tanks in cold temperatures.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2017.1379245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualizing latent fingermarks by aqueous electrolyte gel on fixed aluminum and steel surfaces 用电解液凝胶在固定铝和钢表面观察潜在手印

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1371435

O. Jasuja, Kulvir Singh

引用次数: 3

The effect of non-alcoholic food and beverage consumption on preliminary breath alcohol testing by the Dräger Alcotest 6810 and Alco-Sensor FST Dräger Alcotest 6810和Alco Sensor FST对非酒精食品和饮料消费对初步呼气酒精测试的影响

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Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Pub Date : 2017-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2017.1328160

McKenney A. Hackett, L. Gorczynski, T. L. Martin

{"title":"The effect of non-alcoholic food and beverage consumption on preliminary breath alcohol testing by the Dräger Alcotest 6810 and Alco-Sensor FST","authors":"McKenney A. Hackett, L. Gorczynski, T. L. Martin","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2017.1328160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2017.1328160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the frequency, magnitude, and duration of the mouth alcohol effect (MAE) following the ingestion of non-alcoholic food or beverages on two approved screening devices (ASD): the Dräger Alcotest 6810 and Alco-Sensor FST. Preliminary testing revealed only 5% of 39 non-alcohol containing food and beverage items tested produced a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) ≥10 mg/100 mL on the Dräger Alcotest 6810 whereas there were no positive responses on the Alco-Sensor FST. Subsequent testing on 52 subjects consuming Dempster's® White Bread, Wonder™ 100% Whole Wheat Bread, 7-Up® and/or Rockstar® energy drink showed the MAE to be small in both alcohol-free and alcohol-positive subjects. The maximum BrAC produced in an alcohol-free subject was 22 mg/100 mL which dissipated within 90 seconds following ingestion. In alcohol-positive subjects, statistically significant increases in the BrAC were observed following ingestion of select breads and beverages; however, the increase was of sufficiently low magnitude that analytical and sampling variability could account for the differences observed. The MAE following ingestion of non-alcohol-containing food and beverages is rare, transient, and of low magnitude. There is negligible risk that motorists will be negatively impacted by this effect.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2017.1328160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5