Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"Useful working tool to develop fingerprints on adhesive tapes with powder suspensions","authors":"Pierre Ledroit, Damien Henrot, Marianne Malo","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1628610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1628610","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The majority of forensic laboratories use powder suspensions such as “wet powders” to develop fingerprints on adhesive tapes. These solutions are made of water, detergent, and particles that colour the mixture black or white. They are applied with a brush onto the surface to be treated. The operation may be complicated according to the length of the adhesive and the ability to wash off the tape using running water. In order to simplify the use of this method involving powder suspensions, the Fingerprints Unit of the Forensic Science Laboratory of the French Gendarmerie has developed a new working tool to facilitate treatment, rinsing and waste management.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1628610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47958659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: identification of elemental mercury","authors":"K. Kenny, Mark L. Sandercock, J. Webster","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1584278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1584278","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two cases where elemental mercury was intentionally added to the victim’s food are briefly described. Elemental mercury may be identified by using a combination of physical properties (appearance and specific gravity) and elemental analysis (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry).","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1584278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45386736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA barcode identification of shark fillet reveals fraudulent commerce in Brazil","authors":"Bárbara B. Calegari, R. Reis, C. Alho","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1581692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1581692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fraudulent mislabeling of fish products has been reported with some frequency, representing an important problem in the food industry and regulatory agencies of many countries. This case reports a fraudulent substitution of shark fillets for the much cheaper Striped-catfish, in a large purchase for public elementary school meals in a Brazilian town. The economic and nutritional aspects involving such mislabeling demonstrate a serious fraud that should alarm governmental regulatory agencies to implement a more rigorous and frequent monitoring system on the species verification to guarantee the safety and quality of seafood.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1581692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46399868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Sherlock, a linear trajectory analysis program for use in bloodstain pattern analysis","authors":"Amanda Orr, M. Illes, J. Béland, T. Stotesbury","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1577793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1577793","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research validates the accuracy and efficacy of Sherlock, a recently developed program that estimates the area of origin (AO) of an impact pattern. Sherlock is an open-access, web-based software that conducts trajectory analysis by using the tangent method to estimate the area of origin. Fifty impact patterns were created at known X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates and were analyzed by upper year forensic science undergraduate students at Trent University. Individual stain data collected for each pattern were analyzed by both Sherlock and BackTrackTM/WIN. In this validation, we assess two objectives. The first evaluates the overall accuracy of the Sherlock program and the second compares the AO results between Sherlock and BackTrackTM/WIN when analyzing the same stain data. The average absolute deviation from the known using Sherlock was found to be 5.6 cm for the X-coordinate, 2.3 cm for the Y-coordinate, and 6.6 cm for the Z-coordinate. Further, when comparing the three-dimensional (3D) coordinate vector values, which considers all three coordinates as a single value, the Sherlock and known 3D AOs were shown to be similar with an average absolute deviation of 3.5 cm. Comparison between BackTrackTM/WIN and Sherlock provided statistically similar results for all comparisons (p > 0.05 in all cases), with average absolute deviations of 0.28 cm, 0.13 cm, and 0.75 cm in the X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates, respectively. This research demonstrates that the accuracy of the Sherlock program is comparable to a previously validated AO analysis program with similar absolute deviation from the true AO for single surface impact patterns.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1577793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le processus d’écriture et la maladie d’Alzheimer: Un état de l’art","authors":"L. Cadola, R. Marquis, C. Champod","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1573792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1573792","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A document expert is often asked to evaluate the authenticity of writings. In a normal situation, the evaluation of the similarities and the discordances observed between a questioned sample and the reference material allows to support or infirm the hypothesis of authorship. However, when dealing with writing from aged people or people affected by a disease, the examination is more complex and natural variation can sometimes be confused with simulation’s characteristics. It is the case with Alzheimer Disease (AD), a pathology that often develops in elderly and can change considerably, sometimes in a really short period of time, a person’s handwriting. In those cases the expert can benefit from specific literature on the subject. Unfortunately, most of the papers are relevant to the medical fields and the impact of the disease on the writing process is presented in relation to a disruption at a particular writing process’ level. In order to better understand the influence of AD on handwriting it is therefore fundamental to first understand the normal, healthy, process of text production. Once all the steps reviewed, it will be possible to decipher the impact of a deficit on a particular level on the resulting handwriting. This review aims at offering an overview of the influence of AD on handwriting by analyzing medical papers from a forensic point of view. This article is meant to help the document expert in cases where the questioned writing sample has been produced by a person affected by AD.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1573792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gunshot residue and airbags: Part II. A case study","authors":"Denis J. N. Laflèche, Nigel G. R. Hearns","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2018.1543008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2018.1543008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report a case of a shooting incident where analysis of airbag residue was of critical importance to interpret the forensic significance of gunshot residue (GSR) found on a suspect. The suspect had allegedly fired a gun at the victim after having been involved in a motor vehicle collision. Airbags in the suspect’s vehicle had deployed during the collision, potentially exposing the suspect to a non-firearm source of GSR-similar particles. Samples collected from the interior of the deployed airbags were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and no particles similar to particles characteristic of GSR were found, eliminating the airbags as a potential source of GSR found on the suspect.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2018.1543008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The next level aqueous electrolyte reagent (AER) for development of latent fingermarks","authors":"O. Jasuja, Kulvir Singh","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1581691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1581691","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research literature shows that different forms of aqueous electrolytes develop latent fingermarks on metals, glass and plastic surfaces. These reports describe the development of latent fingermarks using specific electrolytes for specific surfaces. Surface dependency is still a challenge in the fingerprint development process. The current study involves a newly formulated aqueous electrolyte reagent (AER) applied on a variety of surfaces. A proposed reaction mechanism has also been studied and supported by SEM-EDS. A large variety of porous, semi-porous, and non-porous surfaces have been tested for the development of latent fingermarks. Satisfactory response of AER has been observed.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1581691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49021213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts From the 2018 CSFS Conference","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1567784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1567784","url":null,"abstract":"s From the 2018 CSFS Conference (Gatineau, QC, April 30–May 4, 2018) WORKSHOPS Forensic science, the bar and the bench Organizer: Tobin Tanaka This educational one-day symposium is intended to provide an opportunity for members of the bar, and bench, and forensic scientists to discuss a variety of topics relating to the interaction of forensic science and the legal system. It is intended that this symposium will permit the possibility for a free exchange of how the forensic sciences can assist all parties in the legal system, in particular the courts. As the courts are the ultimate client and consumer of the proffered forensic evidence, insights from the bench on how forensic reports and testimony may provide truly expert evidence would be most welcome. The first part (morning session) of the symposium provides an overview of those forensic disciplines represented by the CSFS, each providing a 15-minute overview of their respective specialization. The forensic disciplines include: Anthropology/Medical Odontology, Biology, Chemistry, Documents, Engineering, Firearms and Toxicology. In each overview the scope and foundation, education, training and research for each forensic discipline will be provided. Specifically, how these factors may be considered in the admissibility of expert evidence under the four part criteria of R. v. Mohan, the reporting of findings, and the weight of admitted forensic expertise will discussed. The second part (afternoon session) will be a discussion between the legal community and forensic scientists. The topics of best practices, the interaction that counsel has with forensic scientists, and court room testimony are anticipated areas of discussion. All forensic scientists, lawyers, judges, students and other stakeholders in the justice system are welcome to participate in this workshop. Theory of the logical approach for forensic handwriting casework Presenter: Brent Ostrum Objectives: At the end of the workshop participants will have a working knowledge of the logical approach to evidence evaluation. They will understand how the approach works and the requirements for its application, and also be able to explain pros, cons and limitations. Synopsis: This workshop presents the logical approach to evidence evaluation and discusses this approach contrasting it with the ’traditional’ approach used in most labs today. Distinctions between the logical approach, the likelihood-ratio approach and a Bayesian approach will be explored. Pros, cons and requirements for the proper use of each approach, including the ‘traditional’ approach, will be discussed. The current scientific and legal status of the logical approach, both worldwide and in Canada, will be addressed with discussion of various initiatives in other countries that can be expected to have an impact on the Canadian scene. There is a strong lecture component to the workshop; however, it is also interactive in that participants will discuss various issues in smaller ","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1567784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42128257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les paramètres clés de l’interprétation des fibres textiles en sciences criminelles. Partie II: Transfert, persistance et détection","authors":"M. Schnegg, Raymond J. Palmer, G. Massonnet","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2018.1519769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2018.1519769","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Determining the probative value of trace evidence is essential in major criminal investigations. However, this can often be difficult when the significance of the results of a particular examination have to be evaluated within the context of the framework of circumstances of a specific case. This is particularly true in criminal investigations where it is necessary to evaluate the significance of a non-differentiation between fibres from a crime scene (or a crime-related item) with a source belonging to a suspect. By employing an approach involving a probabilistic Bayesian framework, it is possible to evaluate the significance of the results of an examination by considering a set of alternative propositions relating to the alleged activity in question. In such circumstances, it is crucial that any such evaluation is carried out at activity level, since transfer and persistence of textile material may be due to an activity not related to the alleged criminal action under consideration. This article reviews the literature on the detection, transfer and persistence of textile fibres since the understanding of these three concepts is essential for the robust assessment of activity level propositions. In addition, some complex casework scenarios are discussed, including secondary transfer phenomena and the transfer of fibres during domestic violence. Finally a section dedicated to the simulation of criminal and ‘legitimate’ activities involving fibre transfer is considered, which illustrates the importance of evaluating activity level propositions using data derived from conditions as close as possible to the framework of circumstances of the actual case under consideration.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2018.1519769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44990153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of the Intox EC/IR II to isopropanol and isopropanol/ethanol mixtures","authors":"Karen C. W. Chan","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2018.1491691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2018.1491691","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Intox EC/IR II was tested with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solutions, and IPA and ethanol (EtOH) mixtures, at various concentrations to determine whether IPA contributes to, or produces, an apparent ethanol concentration (AEC). Two test modes were used – Subject Test, which has the interfering substance (IS) detection mechanism enabled and reports truncated results; and Quick Test, which reports untruncated results and does not detect IS. When testing IPA solutions alone, concentrations of 40 mg/dL (mg%) and above produced the IS status message while concentrations below 40 mg% produced numerical results in the Subject Test mode. With IPA alone, the IPA contribution to AEC was approximately half of the target IPA concentration. When IPA + EtOH mixtures were tested, all mixtures except one generated the IS status message. The one IPA + EtOH mixture, with 10 mg% IPA and 150 mg% target apparent EtOH, consistently produced numerical results in the Subject Test mode; however, the 10 mg% IPA in the mixture did not contribute to the AEC. This study showed that with the IS detection mechanism activated on the Intox EC/IR II, Subject Tests were aborted in instances where IPA would have contributed to the AEC and the AEC was 20 mg% or above.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2018.1491691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}