Arid Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Biodiversity of Hydrobionts in Soda, Chloride and Sulfate Lakes of Transbaikalia","authors":"B. B. Bazarova,&nbsp;S. V. Borzenko,&nbsp;N. A. Tashlykova,&nbsp;E. Yu. Afonina,&nbsp;P. V. Matafonov,&nbsp;G. Ts. Tsybekmitova,&nbsp;A. P. Kuklin","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123310013","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123310013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the results of a comprehensive hydrochemical and hydrobiological study of 13 different types of lakes in Transbaikalia conducted in July 2022. Based on factor analysis of hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators, the lakes were divided into three groups: 1) brackish soda; 2) chloride and sulfate, as well as one salty soda lake, Shvartsivskoe; and 3) brine soda. It has been established that the number of species of different groups of aquatic organisms decreases as the salinity level increases, regardless of the chemical type of water. It has been shown that the dominant composition of primary producers in lakes of different types differs. Two new species of macroalgae for Transbaikalia have been identified (<i>Stigeoclonium flagelliferum</i> Kütz. and <i>Rhizoclonium riparium</i>: (Roth.) Harv.). In the flora of aquatic plants of Baikal Siberia, after more than a 100-year hiatus, <i>Ruppia maritima</i> L is present. The zooplankton of lakes is dominated by halotolerant species<i>.</i> The dominant structure of zoobenthos in brine and salt lakes is dominated by <i>Artemia</i> crustaceans and Ephydridae flies. In deeper brackish lakes, Chironomidae mosquitoes are always the dominant species. Quantitative indicators of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities are characterized by an inverse relationship. With the massive development of cryptophyte algae in brine reservoirs, the abundance and biomass of zooplankton are minimal. No significant fluctuations in the biomass of zoobenthos and phytomass of aquatic plants were detected. In sulfate and chloride lakes, the trophic structure of heterotrophs is represented in zooplankton by a grazing chain, and in zoobenthos by detritivores.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Variability of Agroclimatic Conditions of Semi-Desert and Desert Landscapes in the Northern Caucasus for Agricultural Purposes","authors":"I. A. Kerimov,&nbsp;V. V. Bratkov,&nbsp;L. R. Bekmurzaeva","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040030","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study is a modern assessment of the agro-climatic resources of the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus. The methods of mathematical statistics used in agroclimatology have been used to analyze the changes in average monthly and annual air temperatures, the growing season, the amount of precipitation, and the hydrothermal coefficient according to the data of five weather stations with a long series of observations. Within the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus, there is an increase in annual air temperature over the period under review by an average of 0.86°С compared to the previous period. The sum of active temperatures increased by 9–11%. The duration of the period increased when passing through 0°C for 17 days, 5°C for 15 days, 10°C for 10 days, and 15°C for 8 days. An increase in precipitation is noted at all meteorological stations except Makhachkala. On average, precipitation increased by 36 mm. The hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov varies from 0.5 to 0.7 and is within the limits of natural fluctuation. Modern agro-climatic changes within the semi-desert and desert landscapes of the North Caucasus are characterized by an improvement in the conditions for heat and moisture supply to the territory. These conditions are favorable for the cultivation of melons and all types of grape varieties, with the exception of very late ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Bottom River Communities in Considering the “Dark and Gray Diversity” of Species: Approaches to a Solution","authors":"T. D. Zinchenko,&nbsp;V. K. Shitikov,&nbsp;G. S. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040200","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The species diversity of the entire meta-community is made up of local pools of species of individual communities, including both the totality of actually observed taxonomic groups and species of “dark” diversity, which, by their ecological properties, are theoretically suitable for living in existing conditions and are potentially found during repeated studies. To assess the dark diversity, quantitative indices of suitability of the surveyed areas of the study area are calculated in relation to various taxa of the community under consideration. The study of the species composition of benthic communities was carried out on small and medium lowland rivers, tributaries of the Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs, including the rivers of the arid region of the Lake Elton basin. A total of 132 local communities were surveyed, from which 147 taxa of macrozoobenthos were selected for calculations. To highlight the dark diversity, an analysis of the joint occurrence of species was carried out and, using hypergeometric distribution formulas, estimates of the conditional probabilities of the statistical relationship of each of these species with individual sections of the rivers were calculated. Relationships between observed species richness and dark diversity are considered; the occurrence of latent species was tested in sections of rivers of a similar type. The concept of “gray” diversity is introduced, i.e., a subset of observed species, in which the indices of correspondence to the focal area are less than a given threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation of Cryoarid Soils: Productivity and Species, Elemental, and Biochemical Compositions","authors":"E. O. Chimitdorzhieva,&nbsp;G. D. Chimitdorzhieva","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040029","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The extreme weather conditions of Transbaikalia cause phytostress in plants. This results in the formation of protective systems and mobilization that involves certain metabolic changes acting as survival means, including an increase in the content of lipids and lignin. Metabolism undergoes modifications determined by the pace and depth of changes that can occur in it without disturbing the balance between individual functions; as a result, the unity of the plant and the environment is not disturbed. Cryoarid conditions cause specific morphological and chemical adaptations in plants. It was found that the total content of lipids and lignin in the studied soils of Transbaikalia is higher, while the content of proteins is lower compared to similar soils in European Russia. It was also established that virgin chestnut soils contain more lipids, lignin, and proteins compared to fallow and arable soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ecological–Phytocenotic Characteristics of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) Bieb. Grasslands on the Ustyurt Plateau in Karakalpakstan","authors":"Kh. F. Shomurodov,&nbsp;N. K. Rakhimova,&nbsp;U. Sh. Saitjanova,&nbsp;Zhao Zhenyong","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040145","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ecological–phytocenotic characteristic of the <i>Halocnemum strobilaceum</i> (Pall.) Bieb. grasslands is given on the basis of observation data obtained by the authors in 2020–2021 on the Ustyurt Plateau in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan). The biotopes, the total projective cover, the species composition, the yield of pasture varieties, and the change in the eaten phytomass during the growing season are characterized, and the seasonality of pasture use is recommended. The <i>Halocnemum strobilaceum</i> type of grassland is located in the Barsakel’mes, Sarykamysh, and Churuk regions of the Karakalpakstan Ustyurt and occupies 76 492 ha. This type of pasture consists of three varieties: <i>Halocnеmum strobilaceum</i>, <i>Halocnеmum strobilaceum–Kalidium capsicum,</i> and <i>Halocnеmum strobilaceum–Haloxylon ammodendron</i> as wet and puff solonchaks with highly mineralized groundwater very close to the surface, as well as to loamy and sandy loamy solonchakous soils. The plant cover is thin and predominated by shrubs and semi-shrubs, its species composition is poor, and the communities are monodominant and are assigned to the <i>Halocnemum</i> pasture variety. This is explained by the high salt content in the soil, which can be tolerated by a limited number of species. The seasonal yield of the forage mass ranges from 90 to 430 kg/ha. The eaten mass becomes reaches its maximum on all pasture varieties at the end of the growing season, thus, it is recommended to use pastures in the autumn–winter period.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vegetation and Dynamics of Agrosteppes in the European Part of Russia (Tula Region, Kulikovo Field)","authors":"E. M. Volkova,&nbsp;S. A. Polyancheva,&nbsp;I. V. Rozova","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040194","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Restoration of disturbed ecosystems is an urgent scientific problem, the solution of which will allow preserving the biological diversity of Russian regions. During the restoration of steppe ecosystems on the territory of the Kulikovo field, various methods and approaches have been used over the past 20 years, which has made it possible to form agrosteppes of different ages. However, the diversity of their vegetation has not yet been assessed. The goal of this study was to identify the coenotic diversity of agrosteppes based on the ecological–phytocoenotic approach and to assess the directions of succession development of the selected associations. The authors carried out 96 geobotanical descriptions of the vegetation of agrosteppes, indicating the total projective cover for the grass layer and the projective cover (%) for each species. The ordination of descriptions was performed on the basis of a trendless DCA correspondence analysis using the PC-ORD program. To compare the identified associations, the indicator of species activity was determined. According to the results of the study, five associations of agrosteppe vegetation were identified. At the early stages of development of agrosteppes, communities of the <i>Matricaria inodora</i> + <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> association are formed, which are characterized by the dominance of taproot species. Densely tufted grasses grow in the communities of the <i>Stipa</i> spp<i>.</i> + <i>Festuca valesiaca</i> association. However, the low competitiveness of densely tufted grasses in the climate conditions of the northern forest–steppe contributes to the loss of fescue and its replacement by narrow-leaved bluegrass, which leads to the formation of the <i>Stipa</i> spp<i>.</i> + <i>Poa angustifolia</i> association. Wood reed is actively introduced into the communities of agrosteppes and increases its activity, which leads to the emergence of the <i>Calamagrostis epigejos</i> association. As agrosteppe communities develop, the activity of anthropogenic and some sown steppe species decreases, but an increase in the activity of meadow grasses in the selected associations is noted. This analysis indicates a low degree of preservation of “feather grass” associations and the formation of communities of steppe meadows.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ontogenesis and Structure of Population of Rindera tetraspis Pall. (Boraginaceae) in Orenburg Oblast","authors":"A. N. Mustafina,&nbsp;L. M. Abramova,&nbsp;O. A. Karimova","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040091","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Assessment of the modern status of populations of rare plant species by population-ontogenetic methods is used for solving problems of conservation and restoration of natural communities. The object of the study is a rare species of the European Russia, <i>Rindera tetraspis</i> Pall., a poorly studied threatened steppe endemic. The purpose of the research was to assess the modern status and ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations of <i>R. tetraspis</i> in the Urals within Orenburg oblast. Three administrative districts of Orenburg oblast in the Urals were surveyed in 2016–2019, and as a result, six cenopopulations were identified and studied. Their phytocenotic allocation was assessed by conventional geobotanical methods. It has been revealed that wheat grass (<i>Agropyron desertorum</i>), wormwood (<i>Artemisia lercheana</i>)–<i>Psathyrostachys</i> calciphyte, and bluegrass (<i>Poa bulbosa</i> ssp. <i>vivipara</i>)–feather-grass (<i>Stipa capillata</i>) steppe communities predominate. The main population characteristics, the density of plants, and the ontogenetic composition, have been determined. The total density in the surveyed cenopopulations varies from 4.7 to 10.7 plants/m², and the effective density is from 3.2 to 5.9 plants/m². The ontogenesis has been described and eight ontogenetic stages have been revealed. Senile plants were not found. All the studied cenopopulations of <i>R. tetraspis</i> are normal incomplete and are dominated by middle-aged generative plants. According to the delta–omega classification, there are three are young, two transitional, and one mature cenopopulations. Their status is relatively satisfactory, but only one of the six is protected: it is located in the specially protected natural area Troitskie Melovye Mountains. Regular monitoring of the status of the populations is necessary for stronger protection of the species.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Following the Pages of the Red Book of Russia: The Przewalski’s Horse","authors":"A. A. Lushchekina,&nbsp;T. Yu. Karimova,&nbsp;V. M. Neronov","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Przewalski’s horse (<i>Equus przewalskii</i> Poljakov, 1881) is one of 13 species included in the List of Rare and Endangered Wildlife that require priority measures for restoration and reintroduction. The species is listed on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This is the last surviving species from a group of once numerous and diverse wild horses of Eurasia. Being of great interest to world science, the history of the discovery of the Przewalski’s horse, its description, systematics, other features of biology, issues of restoration, reintroduction deserve the special attention of researchers from both the former Soviet Union and pre-revolutionary and modern Russia, who stood at the origins of conservation of this species. The experience gained by the specialists of our country in the implementation of a number of international projects on the reintroduction of the Przewalski’s horse and the restoration of its natural populations served as the basis for the preparation of programs for the creation of breeding centers and the formation of its semi-free populations, which are implemented, first of all, on the territory of the Orenburgsky State Nature Reserve. A long-term strategy that has transparent mechanisms for coordination and interaction of all organizations involved in its implementation and provides for evidence-based approaches using modern research methods in its implementation will contribute to the successful implementation of the Program for the Restoration of the Przewalski’s Horse in the Russian Federation approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia on April 8, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Level of the Efficiency of Bioremediation by Oil-Contaminated Brown Semi-Desert Soil of the Republic of Kalmykia (Model Experiment)","authors":"T. V. Minnikova,&nbsp;A. S. Ruseva,&nbsp;S. Yu. Revina,&nbsp;S. I. Kolesnikov,&nbsp;V. G. Gaivoronsky","doi":"10.1134/S2079096123040078","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096123040078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The brown semi-desert soils of the Republic of Kalmykia are subject to high levels of oil pollution. To assess the ecological state of soils, it is necessary to analyze not only the residual oil content, but also the biological indicators of soils. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation of the oil-contaminated brown semi-desert soil of the Republic using physicochemical and biological indicators. Biochar, nitroammophos, sodium humate, and Baikal EM-1 were added to oil-contaminated soil (5% of the soil mass). To assess the effectiveness of remediation of brown semi-desert soil after 30 days, the residual oil content, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, the number of bacteria, the length of the roots, and the germination of radish were studied. It has been established that the introduction of biochar and Baikal EM-1 reduces the residual oil content in brown semi-desert soil. Biochar and nitroammophos affect the contents of easily soluble salts, and Baikal EM-1, the redox potential. Sodium humate stimulates catalase activity (<i>r</i> = –0.48), shoot length (<i>r</i> = –0.54), roots (<i>r</i> = –0.54), and radish germination (<i>r</i> = –0.64). Nitroammophos stimulates the number of bacteria (<i>r</i> = –0.56), the activity of catalase (<i>r</i> = –0.63), and dehydrogenases (<i>r</i> = –0.84), but inhibits the length of radish shoots and roots (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.). The application of Baikal EM-1 stimulates the number of soil bacteria (<i>r</i> = –0.83), the activity of dehydrogenases (<i>r</i> = –0.89) and inhibits the length of roots, shoots and germination. It is advisable to use the results of the study in biomonitoring and diagnosing the state of oil-contaminated brown semi-desert soils of the Republic of Kalmykia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soils of Arid Territories in Central Kalmykia (Priyutnensk District)","authors":"R. A. Mukabenova,&nbsp;S. S. Mandzhieva,&nbsp;A. B. Ad’yanova,&nbsp;N. V. Dzhimbeev,&nbsp;V. T. Sayanov,&nbsp;A. A. Buluktaev","doi":"10.1134/S207909612304008X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207909612304008X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The characteristics of soils of the Kalmyk Republic is given by the example of the Priyutnensk district. Parameters of fertility, the organic matter content, medium reaction in water extract (pH), salt composition, and alkalinity, of soils of five settlements in Priyutnensk district of Kalmykia are studied. We have determined the content of organic carbon (C_org) by the method by I.V. Tyurin (1965) modified by V.N. Simakov (<i>GOST</i>…, 1993), the pH of soils by the potentiometric method (<i>GOST</i>…, 1985), and chemical composition of soils by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, using a MAKS-GV spectroscope. The studies of solonetzes and light chestnut soils of Priyutnensk district show the domination of soils with low and very low humus content: less than 3.5%. The reaction of the soil solution is slightly alkaline and alkaline. The soils are saline in the upper 20-cm-thick layer, the content of exchangeable magnesium does not exceed 0.74%, the calcium content is 0.96%, and carbonates are present. The pH value is lowest at the edge of settlements and highest on the territory of a school and in the center of settlements. There is a tendency to a decrease in the chloride content from the background to the center. There is no a pronounced dependence of changes in other soil parameters in all settlements from the center to the background.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}