Arid Ecosystems最新文献

{"title":"Medico-Geographical Forecasting and Modeling of New Climate-Related Infections in Kazakhstan","authors":"E. G. Koroleva,&nbsp;T. V. Dikareva","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700319","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern research and forecasting of disease outbreaks combines different fields of science to evaluate how environmental factors affect where infections spread. Climate conditions play the most critical role, as they are currently shifting across Eurasia due to global climate trends. Due to these consequences, studying how infections spread over time and space in arid regions is highly important. These dry zones are the most dependent on climate conditions. We used Kazakhstan as a case study because its diverse landscapes range from arid to temperate zones. In this region, we examined two vector-borne tropical diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and West Nile fever (WNF). We analyzed CCHF case data in Kazakhstan from its first emergence to the present day. For WNF, we evaluated the stage where the disease establishes itself in nature without human cases, as well as how different climate conditions influence the potential reach of both infections. We combined medical-geographical, biogeographical, and statistical methods with geographic information systems (GIS) to map the spread of both infections. We then evaluated the optimal climate conditions for the pathogens and vectors, identifying regional geographic patterns under current and future climate scenarios. Modeling the ecological niches of WNF vectors under two climate scenarios revealed the current and future ranges of the infection. This allowed us to identify the areas in Kazakhstan with the most favorable climate for the disease to establish itself. This work delivers original maps, summary tables of optimal bioclimatic parameters for the species involved in transmission, and projections showing how climate change will expand the potential ecological niches of WNF vectors. A significant expansion of both tropical fevers into the central and northern regions of the country is projected over the coming decades. The practical outcome of this work provides cartographic models of the distribution of these two poorly studied infections under various climate conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"248 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of Phytocenoses in Anthropogenically Transformed Landscape of Dry-Steppe Zone in the South of European Russia","authors":"V. G. Yuferev,&nbsp;A. A. Vypritskii","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700277","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The modern state of plant communities in the dry-steppe zone of Russia is largely governed by the anthropogenic impact associated both with the agricultural land use and protection of these lands against degradation with afforestation. In Volgograd oblast, 54.7% of the area is involved in the land use for agricultural crop production in the chestnut soil subzone of dry-steppe zone of the European Russia south. Of interest are the late successional stages of the natural phytocenoses that develop on long-term fallows in the conditions of coexistence with artificially established forests and exposure to their effect. These phytocenoses function in altered microclimate, which determines characteristics of the surrounding biota development. Geobotanical studies using geoinformation technologies provide the opportunity to establish phenological characteristics of plant communities’ development on long-term fallows in the anthropogenically transformed landscape. High density of arrangement of tilled fields practically leaves no possibility for steppe vegetation to develop in the favorable conditions. Habitats are displaced to lands unsuitable for tillage, slope lands of more than 8° (subject to the tractor’s passability) low in humus and fertility, and shallow in terms of soil conditions; to eroded sites; and slope areas adjacent to the network in the shallow groundwater zone with aggradational soils of gullies and arroyos; as well as to fallow land. As a result of the geoinformation research, an effect of the adjoining forest plantations is established on characteristics of herbaceous phytocenoses development at the late successional stages on long-term fallows in the chestnut soil subzone of dry-steppe zone of the Russian Federation. Investigation of seasonal dynamics of vegetative development of the phytocenosis <i>Elytrigia repens</i> (L.) Nevski + <i>Poa bulbosa</i> L. in dry-steppe zone in chestnut soil subzone considering an exposure to a stretch of the state protective forest belt “Kamyshin—Volgograd” shows that in the inter-strip space of the belt in the destructive zone, productivity of aboveground portion of herbaceous vegetation is reduced by 23% relative to the control site in the beginning of the investigation period in May, but practically coincides with the control in June.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"215 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation Experience and Phyto-Meliorative Potential of Jujube and Other Subtropic Introduced Species in the Arid Caspian Sea","authors":"G. A. Surkhaev,&nbsp;G. M. Surkhaeva","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700344","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The experimental forest reclamation site of the Terek-Kuma interfluve (Achikulak Forest Experimental Station) has accumulated over a century of unique experience in the phytomeliorative reclamation of abandoned lands in the Caspian semi-desert. As a result, more than 120 species of introduced trees and shrubs have been adapted, including nine subtropical perennials. Their successful acclimatization at the beginning of this century is due to the increasing climate change in the region and the need to enhance the biodiversity of cultivated flora in reclaimed landscapes with stress-resistant and economically valuable woody biomeliorants. Of these, the best adaptation results were obtained for jujube during long-term (1986–2006) research and experiments, which provided scientific justification and practical implementation of its cultivation technology in a nursery (0.6 ha) and plantations (about 14 ha), where 12 of its best forms (phenotypes) were selected based on a set of bioecological characteristics in addition to developing recommendations justifying the use of woody perennials in forest reclamation of the region (Surkhaev, 1996) and for the purpose of processing fruit and leaf mass into various (nine types) food products and dietary supplements (Surkhaev et al., 2018). Data obtained during long-term monitoring of introduced jujube species at key sites in the region (Derbent, Achikulak, Elista, and Kharabali) made it possible to substantiate the ecological potential for expanding the range of the subtropical crop in the arid Caspian region.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"277 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Climate Characteristics of Semi-Desert Landscapes of the Caspian Lowland of Dagestan","authors":"Z. V. Atayev,&nbsp;V. V. Bratkov,&nbsp;A. A. Gadzhiev,&nbsp;S. A. Mamaev,&nbsp;A. R. Yusupov","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700241","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the general and current climate characteristics of the semi-desert landscapes of the Caspian Lowland of Dagestan based on data from the Makhachkala meteorological station for the period of 1965–2025. The parameters analyzed include sunshine duration, low-level cloud cover, air temperature, precipitation amount and pattern, number of days with precipitation, and the hydrothermal coefficient. It has been established that since the end of the 20th century, there has been an increase in sunshine and a decrease in cloudiness, which contributes to a rise in air temperature, especially in winter. An increase in the duration of active vegetation growth and the sum of active temperatures is revealed. The dynamic of the precipitation amount is cyclical with heavy rains, playing a significant role and capable of intensifying erosion processes. Hydrothermal conditions generally remain stable, despite the noted fluctuations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"185 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Creation of a New Nature Reserve in the Belaya River Basin (Voronezh Oblast)","authors":"A. Ya. Grigorievskaya,&nbsp;D. R. Vladimirov","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700289","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article is devoted to the history of the study and analysis of the floristic diversity of the Belaya River basin (the left tributary of the Aidar River) located in the southeast of the Central Russian Upland in the steppe zone on the border of Voronezh oblast and the Lugansk People’s Republic. The uniqueness of the natural object is related to its physical-geographical features: arid climate, outcrops of chalk rocks, and various aspects and morphology of slopes. The history of the floristic study of the basin, which began in 1903 and continues to the present day, is examined in detail. A great contribution to the identification of the phytodiversity of the Belaya River is made by G.I. Shiryaev, B.F. Kashmenskii, S.V. Golitsyn, V.N. Tikhomirov, and many other Russian botanists. The given annotated list of protected plants includes 82 species of vascular plants listed in the Red Data Book of Voronezh oblast (2018), of which 19 species are also listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2024). The need to create a nature reserve with an area of 5830 hectares in order to preserve the ecosystem and floristic diversity of the basin is substantiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"222 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Potential of Cost-Efficient Forest-Climate Projects on Agricultural Lands in the Russian Federation","authors":"A. V. Ptichnikov,&nbsp;V. A. Gryaznova,&nbsp;A. V. Kudryavtseva","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700332","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The creation of protective forest shelter belts (agroforestry) is one of the main ways to prevent the degradation of agricultural lands. The potential of economically viable forest climate projects for field-protective agroforestry in the Russian Federation from the point of view of afforestation area, carbon credit (СС) yield, and their cost and economic efficiency is assessed. The presented results are of great importance for the development of feasibility studies (FS) for capital-intensive forest climate projects in the Russian Federation. The maximal area for establishing new and reconstructing existing protective forest plantations within the framework of protective agroforestry could be approximately 2.7 million hectares and 550 000 hectares on the lands of the 20 largest agricultural holdings. The mean expected output of carbon units from an afforestation project in the case of the creation of multi-species forest shelter belts in the steppe zone of European Russia is 15–18 t CO₂ e/ha/year, depending on the credit period. The mean annual output of carbon units of projects over a 50-year crediting period on the lands of the 20 largest agricultural holdings in the Russian Federation is approximately 9.9 million CU/year. The target cost of the unit of agroforestry in the Russian Federation is in the range of $6–9 per CU. An agroforestry project covering an area of 1000 hectares, will be attractive for investment if the price of CU is at least three times higher than the cost price within the project crediting period. The results of the study are of practical significance and are applicable to projects in the forest-steppe, steppe, and dry steppe zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"270 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatology of Drought and Aridness by the Balance of Heat and Moisture Exchange in Grain-Producing Areas of the Volga Region and Southern Cis-Urals","authors":"A. N. Zolotokrylin,&nbsp;T. B. Titkova","doi":"10.1134/S207909612670023X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207909612670023X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the heat and moisture exchange balance data from the ERA5-Land reanalysis, an assessment of the dynamics of aridity and of the frequency of droughts in grain-producing regions of the forest-steppe, steppe, and dry-steppe zones of the Volga region and the Southern Cis-Urals is performed. The use of indicators of heat and moisture exchange between the underlying surface and the atmosphere opens up new possibilities for studying the spatiotemporal distribution of droughts in various natural zones. The ratio of turbulent sensible to latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio) serves as a key indicator: mean monthly values greater than one indicate the emergence of drought, while sustained long-term increases indicate enhanced aridity at both local and regional levels. Linear trends in monthly Bowen ratio values were used to assess the long-term drought trend. Abnormal values of the indicator, exceeding the standard deviation from the norm, were used as a criterion for a dry month. A drought catalogue with a monthly resolution (May–August) was compiled for the first time for the administrative regions of the Volga Region and Southern Cis-Urals for the period of 1950–2025. It enables us to analyze the long-term dynamics of spring–summer droughts. The results show that aridity in the study area has a well-defined seasonal dynamics, and droughts are characterized by grouping in space and with time. Since the early 1950s, moderate May and partly early summer droughts dominated. Between 1961 and 1990, their frequency decreased. The decade of 1991–2000 was marked by an increase in the frequency of May droughts in forest-steppe regions and partially in the steppe as compared to the previous ten-year periods. The 21st century is characterized by a sharp increase in the number of severe and extreme summer droughts, which are characterized by greater duration and maximal intensity. Their mosaic distribution pattern was clear in 2001–2010. The decade of 2011–2020 differs from all previous ones by a sharp increase in the frequency of prolonged extreme summer droughts (the Bowen ratio is &gt;4) in all natural zones: to five cases per ten-year period.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"175 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of the Number of the Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia L.) in Rostovskii Nature Reserve and the Dependence of Its Reproduction on Environmental Factors","authors":"V. A. Minoransky,&nbsp;Yu. V. Timofeenko","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700307","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flooding of the Western Manych River in 1948–1954 caused the formation of the modern aspect of Lake Manych-Gudilo. This exerted a positive effect on the limnophilic complex of birds. In the 1950s, the authors of the article observed the proliferation of the European pelican (<i>Pelecanus onocrotalus</i> L.) and the Dalmatian pelican (<i>P. crispus</i> Bruch), the Caspian gull (<i>Larus cachinnans</i> Pall.), the spoonbill (<i>Platalea leucorodia</i> L.), and other species. Their numbers increased in the 1960s–1980s. The fresh water supply resulted in the development of livestock farming, the plowing of steppes, and anthropogenic desertification. In 1995, the Rostovskii Nature Reserve was established. The authors actively participated in its creation and zoological research. Bird watching was regularly performed. The aim of this article is to analyze changes in the number of colonial limnophilous species, nesting in the reserve, including the spoonbill, and the factors of their fluctuations. Data on the number of all nesting colonies of birds, the number and distribution of nests and eggs, relationships, etc. are given. The creation of the reserve exerted a positive impact on the avifauna. About 120 pairs of spoonbills bred here between 1995 and 1998. The modern complex of water birds differs greatly from that of the 20th century, which is associated with environmental changes. The increase in water mineralization in Lake Manych-Gudilo and other reservoirs led to the disappearance of reed beds, fish, and many other organisms and to a profound restructuring of aquatic and near-aquatic biota. Climate aridization of the 21st century exerted a strong impact on wildlife and resulted in the partial or complete drying up of reservoirs, a drop in the water level in the lake, and the disappearance of colonies of limnophilous birds, where the spoonbill bred (the last one disappeared in 2023). In recent decades, the lands around the reserve are actively used in agriculture. The wide use of pesticides outside the reserve with disregard for regulations and violations of the technology for their use negatively affects many animals. The most important defenders of polyspecies colonies from foxes and other predators that periodically penetrate there are represented by Caspian gull, which feeds in the fields. By consuming poisoned organisms, seagulls die themselves and poison their chicks with this food. In 2021–2023, a mass die-off of birds was observed in the area of the last multi-species colony of birds; in 2024–2025, the colony disappeared, and several foxes lived on the island.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"241 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Chemical Composition of Main Components of Landscapes in the Southern Mining Regions of Mongolia","authors":"I. A. Belozertseva,&nbsp;O. V. Gagarinova,&nbsp;S. Enkh-Amgalan,&nbsp;N. V. Emel’yanova,&nbsp;G. Gerelmaa,&nbsp;O. Amarsanaa,&nbsp;G. Urantamir,&nbsp;E. Ayauly,&nbsp;O. Ganzorig,&nbsp;D. Gerelt-Od","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700356","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, change of ecological conditions in new mining regions under development in South Gobi (Ömnögovi) aimag of Mongolia is an extremely urgent problem due to insufficient knowledge about the territory, increase in production rate, and discontent of public organizations and local populations as a result of environmental degradation. In summer 2024, field investigations were conducted by the present authors in the Gobi Desert (Mongolia), including sampling of soil and groundwater, in the deposit and mining regions of coal “Tavan Tolgoi” and copper “Oyu Tolgoi”, as well as chemical-analytical works. The goal of the present work was to assess the contemporary ecological state of soils and groundwater in the mining sums Khanbogd and Tsogttsetsii in South Gobi (Ömnögovi) aimag of Mongolia. Mineralization level and content of major ions in groundwater and soil aqueous extracts corresponds to the natural–climatic conditions of the dry-steppe and semi-desert zone. Concentration of contamination elements and substances (As, HM, and petroleum products) in the water and soils indicates challenging ecological situation in the mining regions. As a result, the investigation revealed largely fresh groundwater in copper-mining area and brackish (slightly saline) groundwater in coal-mining area. Point sources of groundwater and soil contamination were detected in the territory of farm holdings located in the proximity to mining enterprises. High concentrations of ions of sodium, fluorine, magnesium, chlorine, sulfates, and a numbers of HMs were found in waters of wells and boreholes of the local residents. According to the water pollution index (WPI), groundwater quality (in wells and boreholes) varies from “clean” (WPI = 1.03) to “polluted” (WPI = 2.11). Increased contents of nickel, copper, zinc, and arsenic, exceeding the sanitary and hygienic standards, were detected in soils of the same territories. Values of the composite contamination index of soils (∑с) vary between 3.7 and 24.9, which corresponds to the acceptable and moderately hazardous categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"283 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Security of Grain Agroecosystems in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe Regions of Russia: 2. Historical Period, Direct Seeding Technology","authors":"E. M. Gusev,&nbsp;O. N. Nasonova","doi":"10.1134/S2079096126700320","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079096126700320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A methodology has been developed for assessing the water security characteristics of grain agroecosystems (by the example of winter wheat crops) in the grain belt of the Russian Federation, using a no-till strategy. The method is based on simulating the hydrothermal regime of an agroecosystem by the SWAP land surface model using standard meteorological information and data on the hydrophysical parameters of the soil and its mulch cover applied within the no-till system. Using the developed methodology, long-term simulations of the water balance components of winter wheat crops grown under rainfed conditions by direct seeding technology were performed for a number of agrometeorological stations located in the steppe and forest-steppe territories of the grain belt of Russia for the historical period from 1977 to 2023 with a daily step. The obtained series of water regime characteristics enabled us to calculate the water security indicator for winter wheat crops, the risk of a moisture supply deficit, the coefficient of the efficient use of natural water resources by the agrocenosis, and the risk of crop failure due to insufficient water supply for crops. These parameters were compared with the corresponding values previously obtained for winter wheat fields cultivated by traditional moldboard plowing technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":44316,"journal":{"name":"Arid Ecosystems","volume":"16 2","pages":"258 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}