Journal of Architectural Conservation最新文献

{"title":"About the validity of Alois Riegl’s The Modern Cult of Monuments","authors":"Camila Burgos Vargas, S. Mora Alonso-Muñoyerro","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2022.2045807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2022.2045807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extensive literature about heritage values makes it difficult to find a typology that can be used as a standard tool for value assessment. Instead of proposing a new typology, this article takes a step back to examine the value typology defined by Alois Riegl in The Modern Cult of Monuments. Its Character and its Origin (1903) and, analysing it along with a sample of other typologies, to find out if it is still useful today and how it can be adapted to the changes in Heritage Conservation in Europe during the circa 120 years since its creation. The result is an updated value typology that could be applied to historical and recent heritage.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"183 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritage in fragments: on spolia and other forms of preservation of architectural fragments through reuse","authors":"B. Plevoets","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2022.2026737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2022.2026737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper elaborates on the reuse of architectural fragments in new constructions as a strategy for the conservation of cultural heritage. The ancient practice of spolia is used as a frame of reference to analyze contemporary reflections and examples. The introduction reflects on the tension between the practice of spolia and heritage conservation. Next, a review of relevant literature is presented, including sources from different disciplinary backgrounds, like heritage conservation, architectural history, architectural theory, and interior architecture. Furthermore, two precedent-setting studies are investigated: the decomposition of the interiors of the Generale Bank in Brussels (Belgium) by Rotor and the reuse of its fragments in new projects, and the Lin'an History Museum in Hangzhou, China by Amateur Architecture Studio. The following research questions steered the investigations: (1) what is the origin of the spolia? (2) how are the spolia reintegrated into a new building? (3) is the heritage embedded in the spoliated fragment transferred to or appropriated by the new host? A final reflection highlights gaps in the literature study and proposes directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"145 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of construction techniques in the conservation of vernacular architecture of Masouleh","authors":"Zahra Daneshgar Nejad, Somayeh Fadaei Nezhad Bahramjerdi, P. Hanachi","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2022.2033517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2022.2033517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vernacular architecture has played an important role in construction and building spaces over human history. The disappearance of vernacular architecture leads to the extinction of experience available through our ancestors or earlier generation, the disturbance of peace and consistency and damage to our quality of life. Today’s man is regarded as a generation full of experience and innovation over centuries. Therefore, this heritage should be well preserved and taken advantage of through recognition and research. Since Iran, an ethnically diverse country with a variety of architectural patterns, is truly unique in terms of its vernacular architecture, its conservation is of vital importance. In this respect, one of the incomparable architectural patterns is the city of Masouleh. What distinguishes this city from other areas is its historical, cultural and architectural values. This paper aims to identify its construction techniques in order to preserve its vernacular architecture. For this purpose, a combination of interpretive-historical and qualitative strategies was used. Research tools include documentary research, observation, interviews, studying maps and sketches. The findings show environmentally friendly construction techniques were well responsive to the needs of residents of Masouleh in the past and that these techniques can fulfill current and future sustainability purposes.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"160 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47119992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of synthesis of modern architecture and art in Istanbul: case of Izzet Şefizade Villa","authors":"A. Çi̇ftçi̇","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.2010431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.2010431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The changing urban texture of Istanbul saw the construction of qualified houses, especially in the summer house districts, during the rise of modernist architecture after the 1950s. The İzzet Şefizade Villa built in 1961 in Fenerbahçe, a popular summer destination, is an undocumented example of the synthesis between modern architecture and art with its wall mosaic made by Ferruh Başağa (1914–2010), an important representative of Turkish abstract art. Despite its technical, aesthetic and social value, the building was found under earthquake risk and demolished in 2018 rather than being reinforced, and a new public center was built. This article discusses the loss of the building from the perspectives of urban transformation and conservation, the synthesis of architecture and art, and urban memory. As a rare and informative example, it shows that it is possible to save art works or architectural elements which are afforded no protection by law or ordinances.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"46 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59824191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tool for identifying post-Intervention value shifts in urban heritage places: the Heritage Value Circle","authors":"Ö. Özçakır, A. G. Bilgin Altınöz, Anna Mignosa","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.1996001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.1996001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Heritage places become the focus of interventions due to their socio-cultural and economic values, but as value assessments are subjective, these values can be interpreted differently by decision-makers when considering interventions. Different interpretations of values may result in different interventions, leading to the transformation of the physical, social, and economic features of urban heritage places, and consequently, to changes in their socio-cultural and economic values. Identifying value shifts can help in the recognition of the impact of interventions on the preservation, and thus sustainability, of heritage places. Considering the contemporary debates around the issue of sustainability, this study aims to identify the link between impact assessments and sustainable development by answering the following question: ‘How can post-intervention value shifts be identified to assess the impact of the intervention on the sustainability of heritage places?’ To answer this question, the study introduces a qualitative impact assessment tool: the Heritage Value Circle (HVC), which is based on the examination of urban interventions in different contexts, and a content analysis of the policy documents related to heritage conservation of various NGOs and IGOs. The study identifies seven components of interventions and defines correlation between interventions, pillars of sustainability and values.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"22 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47128801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate emergency and our built environment","authors":"K. Normandin","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.1992839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.1992839","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2019, the Alliance of World Scientists (AWS) formally came out in favour of labelling climate change an emergency: on 28 February 2020, the number of signatories to their open letter numbered 13,422, from 156 countries. One in ten people on the planet now live in a place that has officially declared a ‘climate emergency’, and many cities and governments have started to outline the major steps that must be taken to address climate change. It is critical that we cut carbon and that we adapt to the changed future climate, with all the challenges this might bring. Last year, we saw the advent of a different global crisis as a result of human pressures related to climate change, when the world experienced the unbridling of a global pandemic. COVID-19 continues to confront populations around the world with ever changing pandemic variants. This global crisis was coupled with increasing frequency of extreme weather events and disasters due to global warming – growing heat domes that are fuelling climate fires across each continent that are consuming forests, killing wildlife, and spreading heat across the planet –with ever-increasing concerns about drought in regions running short on water resources. The questions that we continue to face are mounting as temperatures globally rise due to increasing carbon emissions. The largest emissions resulting in 2020 were from building sectors, which account for approximately 38% of all energy related C02 emission when adding building construction industry emissions. Land and ocean temperature increases, let alone melting ice caps in the polar regions, will affect all life and the built environment on this planet as we know it. The editorial board of the Journal of Architectural Conservation recently determined that it was critical to join in a dialogue to invite practitioners and other building professionals to share their learned experiences from conservation of our built heritage in an effort to confront these issues now. In response to this determination, the editors compiled the first volume in a series addressing the impact of the climate emergency on the historic built environment. In this special issue, we begin by identifying not only some of the immediate direct threats from climate change to our shared international heritage but also examine threats posed by our own actions in the mitigation and adaptation of some of these solutions. For example, is the historic built environment interfering with societies moving towards a ‘zero-carbon’ future (as is often claimed) or does the historic built environment in fact provide vital clues as to how such a future might be achieved? The JAC presented a special issue entitled ‘Renewing Modernism’ in 2017, which contained papers confronting the question of how to address and continue sharpening and formulating strategies to reinvigorate the various typologies and ‘isms’ that characterize the structures and component systems of midto late twentieth-century he","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"27 1","pages":"147 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48920829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative practice in the manufacture of aseptic surgical environments in the late nineteenth century","authors":"A. W. Woods, C. Short, N. Mingotti, K. Schoefert, L. Drumright, R. Zia","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.1982541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.1982541","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Contemporary spaces for surgery are highly energy intensive, much of which is attributed to powerful air conditioning systems intended to force air down onto the patient, surgical staff and instruments to keep airborne pathogens from sedimenting on patients and equipment during surgery. The carbon footprint from these systems is prodigious in a service required to dramatically cut emissions. Sufficient doubts have arisen from experimental modelling and data collected in surgical theatres that pathogens are expelled efficiently to encourage broader speculation about the fundamental configuration of spaces for surgery. One prospective avenue is the investigation of the aseptic movement’s operating room designs of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before the adoption of air conditioning. Historical review and testing of theatre design, as part of the Excising Infections in Surgical Environments (ExISE) project, identified a carefully designed and innovative operating room in Hamburg’s general hospital. The St. Georg’s Operationshaus (1899) is reconstructed digitally, analysed theoretically and modelled experimentally to determine modern utility as a green theatre. Results are promising but are affected by the parallel intent to introduce prodigious natural daylighting; however, the effects of this on the airflow patterns in the space could be managed by modern materials and control technologies.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"27 1","pages":"225 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built to last","authors":"Daniel J. Lemieux","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.1995252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.1995252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For many, our climate emergency is real. The evidence is all around us and no longer the subject of any serious debate. Architects ⁣are often seen as ‘first responders’ in this crisis - reacting to fires and leaning into increasingly violent weather to understand their origin so that we can deliver a safer and resilient built environment for those we continue to serve. Our response to this crisis? In a word: Sustainability. No longer a buzzword or clever term-of-art, sustainability is, for many, both religion and a dogma that has emerged as the single most important driver in how we will educate and train the next generation of architects. But what of this ‘religion’? This dogma. Is it the root of yet another blind faith? Or is it perhaps the beginning of a new chapter - a new testament, if you will - upon which we, as architects, will lead a return to first-principles in sustainable design and re-affirm the architect as responsible steward of our built environment. This paper will look briefly at the evolution of the design profession and the emergence of the accredited professional in sustainable design, then use case studies to demonstrate the limitations associated with point-driven sustainable design before arguing for a return to first principles in how we educate and train the next generation of architects.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"27 1","pages":"195 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making good decisions: avoiding alignment problems and maladaptation in retrofit and construction","authors":"R. Pender","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.1965759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.1965759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current approach to retrofit has failed to deliver the promised reductions in energy use in the built environment, but it has exposed many historic buildings to maladaptation, and is threatening many more. This paper argues that the problem rests in a classic misalignment between the intentions behind retrofitting, and the means being used to assess retrofit options. Underlying issues include a poor understanding of how buildings were designed and operated before the Industrial Revolution radically changed our approaches to materials, construction, and use. This pre-carbon past still has much to teach us, with lessons that can be integrated with the best of the modern tools. But this requires careful planning for the long term, together with a much more flexible approach to modelling and assessment. This paper suggests a simple approach that might be used to unlock whole-life energy or carbon assessment, encouraging feedback and sharing of knowledge to achieve the rapid improvement needed to tackle the climate emergency.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"27 1","pages":"151 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imitative material culture: towards a philosophy for the authentic conservation of historical artificial materials and imitative techniques","authors":"Hadas Rix, S. Emmitt","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2021.1949141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2021.1949141","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article extends the concept of the term ‘material culture’ and addresses the production and use of artificial materials and imitative techniques as a phenomenon, defined here as ‘Imitative Material Culture’. It includes consideration of social, economic, technological, historical, and artistic aspects of this culture. While extensive literature exists on specific imitative crafts, perceiving these crafts as a part of one’s culture has not been studied. Its rejection by William Morris, Augustus Pugin and John Ruskin, who promoted conservation in England, left a gap without a clear methodological and philosophical approach towards conservation of this cultural heritage. Its origins have been traced to the age of antiquity; however, imitative material culture reached its zenith between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries. The utilisation of marble imitations such as scagliola, marmorino and marezzo increased significantly during this period, most notably in Bavaria, and was later warmly embraced by the Georgians in the UK. Conservation of imitative material culture challenges our perceptions regarding authenticity, as there is an evident philosophical paradox between authentic imitations and authentic conservation within this heritage. Thus, the study provides a platform for choosing an appropriate conservation approach for historic artificial materials and imitative techniques.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2021.1949141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43171936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}