Journal of Architectural Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Post-conflict reconstruction and the heritage process","authors":"M. Legnér","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite that large investments have been made by the European Union in restoring and preserving heritage damaged after the Kosovo War 1998–99, there have been no previous attempts to gain more in-depth knowledge about the implementation and success of the interventions. Organisations involved in funding and facilitating architectural interventions in post-conflict zones may have differing aims and agendas that influence selection and methods, and ultimately the results. This paper aims to shed light on a pioneering project carried out on damaged kullas, massive masonry towers connected to farmsteads, in Kosovo 2001–02. Kullas were systematically attacked and burned during the conflict. The methodology is based on interviews with involved people and on documentation that is publically available, since it is crucial to uncover the aims and agendas of involved actors if one wishes to understand how and why decisions were made. In the end, what was deemed most important in the process was not the reconstruction in itself, but rather the development of craftsmen's skills and the need to create a dialogue on the values of Kosovo heritage. The paper shows how the reconstruction of built heritage can facilitate processes of dialogue in conflict areas.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing the indoor climate in historic buildings: opportunities, challenges and ways forward","authors":"G. Leijonhufvud, T. Broström","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Standardization for indoor climate control in historic buildings has recently taken a new direction with standards and guidelines that focus more on decision processes than outcomes. The objective of the paper is to explore and discuss how standards can evolve to both fit and guide decision processes to facilitate a sustainable management of historic buildings. Interviews with engineers and heritage professionals in the Church of Sweden in combination with indoor climate monitoring were used to understand the technical and organizational context. The results show that the development of process standards solves some of the problems related to the conventional outcome-oriented approach by opening up for a wider set of solutions. However, available guidelines are difficult to apply and integrate in the existing management of churches. A stronger focus on strategic feedback and an increased use of local guidelines are suggested.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"M. Bouw, S. Dubois, Y. Vanhellemont","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1456056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1456056","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing dangerous climate change, and therefore reducing carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption of the building stock, is a key priority for the European Union. Initially, this was (mainly) directed towards new buildings, yet in the last years also historic buildings become more and more concerned. All of our built heritage, listed or not, is a witness of our past, our history and our constructive traditions. It adds significantly to the quality and charm of our built environment and therefore ensures the added value of European cities and countryside. It is clear that a sustainable society cannot be built without respect for its history, but it must also be anchored in the present and ensure its future use. Nevertheless, the energetic and comfort optimization of these buildings is not yet generally accepted and often is subjected to delicate discussions. Therefore, it is the duty of the present generation of experts to preserve our built heritage in a way it reflects and is adapted to the economic, societal, environmental, comfort, and energy context of today, while ensuring the absolute preservation of the heritage’s intrinsic values. This two-track policy is an absolute necessity: after all, it is common knowledge that uncomfortable and energy-consuming buildings are not likely to be used, accelerating their decay and finally condemning them to be lost completely for the future generations ... The above-mentioned formed the basis for the Belgian Building Research Institute to organize and host the Second International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Comfort of Historic Buildings (EECHB2016) in October 2016 in close collaboration with the public heritage institutes from Brussels, Flanders, and Wallonia. Whereas the papers at the conference ranged from assessment and monitoring, to regulations, management and training, as well as sustainable interventions, this special issue of the Journal of Architectural Conservation puts forward an extended version of four of these papers, illustrating different possibilities and showing the necessity of interaction between science and heritage in order to make our built heritage future proof. The first paper by G. Leijonhufvud and T. Broström shows how standardization in relation to historic buildings has taken a new direction during the last years. It emphasizes on how energy standards, focusing on decision processes, can solve some of the problems related to the conventional outcome-oriented approach of standards by opening up for a wider set of solutions. Thereafter, R. Kilian, S. Bichlmair, and M. Krus provide a technical paper, discussing new insights on how to optimize the heating system of historic houses. Being one of the most adopted alterations when improving the energy consumption and comfort of old buildings, the paper discusses four different suitable heating systems by an accurate onsite monitoring of them within the Alte Schäfflerei (Old Cooperage; 1760) of the Benediktbeuern M","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1456056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45522791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listed buildings and other heritage assets","authors":"B. Kindred","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1446788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1446788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1446788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating conservation aspects into energy performance assessments for twentieth century buildings: assessing the Canongate Housing complex in Edinburgh, United Kingdom","authors":"R. Atkins, R. Emmanuel, C. Hermann","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2017.1419406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2017.1419406","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The integration of conservation aspects is rarely considered in energy-related retrofit assessments. Particularly, vulnerable to inappropriate retrofit is the mid-twentieth century heritage, constructed during an era of experimentation with new materials and construction techniques and little regard to energy performance. This paper presents an assessment methodology and its application on a retrofit assessment of the 1960s Canongate Housing complex in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. The aim was to systematically integrate conservation with energy performance, economic feasibility and construction practices. The paper demonstrates that, through production of a Statement of Significance and the identification of character-defining elements, conservation can be integrated into retrofit assessment in the form of a long- and short-listing process. The assessments show that retrofit of technical building systems and renewable-energy generation systems achieves larger reductions than fabric improvement measures and that payback periods can vary substantially for different flat types, leading potentially to diverging interests amongst flat owners.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2017.1419406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47960267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of window control on thermal performance. Investigating adaptable interventions in vernacular Mediterranean heritage","authors":"S. Thravalou, M. Philokyprou, A. Michael","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1456058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1456058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present paper correlates aspects of built heritage conservation, occupant’s behaviour and thermal comfort. The research focuses on the contemporary architectural intervention of converting original semi-open spaces, that have been acting as such during all periods of the year, into indoor spaces by adding movable glass dividers. A representative building that reflects the typical arrangement of rural vernacular earth architecture in Cyprus is selected for detailed investigation. In situ measurements and simulation tools are used to investigate the adjustment of airflow through the operation of windows when the dividers are open (heating period) and closed (cooling period). Computational Fluid Dynamics are employed in order to illustrate the temperature distribution of various window operation patterns that are evaluated according to the adaptive thermal comfort. The results argue on the climatic adaptability of vernacular buildings and indicate that the examined window control patterns have a more prominent impact during the heating period. Conclusions confirm the cooling potential of night ventilation and highlight the benefit of having energy-aware and engaged occupants. Key directions regarding conservation practices and occupant’s behaviour are brought forth, bringing energy efficiency and comfort into the discussion about cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1456058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different wall heating systems in historic monuments – aspects of energy and conservation","authors":"R. Kilian, S. Bichlmair, M. Krus","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1456047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1456047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are many different ways of heating in historic houses – radiative, air, or convective heating, high- and low-temperature systems, local and area heating. Four different heating systems with high suitability for historic buildings were chosen and compared in long-term measurement campaigns. Two low-temperature area wall heating systems – prefabricated clay elements with serial pipes as well as a wall heating system with parallel pipes – were installed and two radiative high-temperature systems – a radiative plate heater and a Temperierung system that heats the base of the wall. While these systems were installed in four nearly identic rooms, indoor climate and energy monitoring has shown the difficulties with a direct comparison. This also shows the special problems when dealing with comparative measurements in historic buildings with their often unknown wall constructions. In the end, all four systems were compared to a reference system (a convective electric heater) room by room. For the specific examined case at Benediktbeuern, both low-temperature area wall heating systems and the radiant heater showed similar energy demand like the convective system. The high-temperature Temperierung heating system had an about 1.5 times higher energy demand. All wall heating systems were favourable in terms of comfort and preventing damp damages.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1456047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45245969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2017.1399529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2017.1399529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2017.1399529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47109481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A construction technique using closed hollow ceramic elements, typical of historical buildings in Calabria","authors":"C. Gattuso","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2017.1368248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2017.1368248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the south of Italy it is still possible to find ancient buildings whose vaults are constructed with aggregated single hollow ceramic elements locally known as ‘caruselli’. This particular system differs from other types of hollow brickwork in the way its elements are aggregated. Arranged in progressively staggered rows, the ‘caruselli’ are joined laterally and simply binded with mortar in the interstices. As a result, the structure is quite light and can reach considerable sizes. As a matter of fact, the archaeological area of Crotone, Calabria (Italy) was found to host a farm where several buildings had vaults characterized by these ceramic elements; these buildings were examined in order to obtain further knowledge about this construction system. This study, focusing mainly on the analysis of the constituent materials and their chemical and physical properties, allowed us to obtain information so as to better comprehend their historical and archaeological values, production processes and deterioration phenomena, and identify appropriate and efficient preservation actions.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2017.1368248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45238491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical overview on criteria and techniques for reducing timber structures deformability","authors":"N. Ruggieri","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2017.1368183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2017.1368183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Timber represents one of the first construction materials of mankind, thanks to its excellent mechanical, physical, as well as technological, characteristics. However, in addition to the other timber properties, a high deformability must be included. This is strictly conditioned by the intensity, direction and duration of the stressing load and by the constraints stiffness degree and arrangement. A behavior which was taken in account since the earliest constructions in recorded history, by introducing different bracing methods aimed at the structural stiffening. The advancement of science and a consequently deeper knowledge on timber rheological behavior, and in general on structural mechanics, implied the carrying out of ever more effective solutions for the deformability mitigation, regarding both vertical structures (i.e. timber frames) and roof carpentry. The wooden frames, throughout history, did not emphasize a high variability with regard to devices for limiting the in-plane deformability. Conversely, roof carpentry was characterized by an extreme richness of variants, in particular, in the buildings of northern and central Europe. Furthermore, studies concerned with the truss theory development, namely graphical tools and numerical formulations applied to the structure sizing and safety evaluations, are reported in this article.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2017.1368183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}