Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献

{"title":"The machine learning assisted optimization of ultrasound-synergistic enzymatic extraction and comprehensive evaluation of polysaccharides from Saposhnikovia divaricata","authors":"Zeyu Li ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Chaogui Hu ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Fengxia Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Saposhnikovia divaricata</em> (<em>S. divaricata</em>) is a common medicinal material with remarkable medicinal value, but there is limited research on its polysaccharides. This research employed ultrasound-synergistic enzymatic extraction to obtain polysaccharides, while leveraging response surface methodology (RSM) and support vector regression (SVR) models to optimize the extraction procedure. According to the SVR model, the optimal extraction conditions that led to a superior polysaccharide yield of 11.82 % included maintaining a solid-solvent ratio of 1:13 g/mL, conducting the process at an extraction temperature of 45 °C with 420 W of power, adjusting the pH to 4.5, extending the ultrasonic treatment to 35 min, and incorporating a 3 % enzyme dosage. Additionally, a comparative analysis of polysaccharides extracted through different methods assessed their physicochemical characteristics, structure, and antioxidant capacity. The entropy weight method was employed for a comprehensive evaluation of the different extraction techniques. In the final assessment, the ultrasound- synergistic enzymatic extraction emerged as the top-performing technique, achieving the highest composite score. Notably, the antioxidant efficacy was driven primarily by the levels of uronic acid, molecular weight and mannose. This research establishes the theoretical foundation and scientific rationale for the efficient extraction and bioactive application of <em>S. divaricata</em> polysaccharides (SDP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107706"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of oil droplet detachment by cavitation bubbles in ultrasonic cleaning","authors":"Woongchan Shim ,&nbsp;Ryeol Park ,&nbsp;Jaedeok Seo ,&nbsp;Wonjung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient removal of oily contaminants from solid surfaces remains a significant challenge in various engineering applications. While ultrasonic cleaning mechanisms for solid particles are well established, the detachment of oil droplets is less understood due to the distinct interfacial and viscous characteristics of oils. Here, we experimentally investigate oil droplet removal under ultrasonic excitation, focusing on the role of cavitation bubble dynamics. High-speed visualizations reveal that cleaning is initiated by bubble penetration into the droplet, followed by successive coalescence and growth of bubbles. This process progressively reduces the droplet–substrate contact area, ultimately resulting in detachment. We identify a critical acoustic pressure threshold above which bubble penetration becomes frequent and cleaning efficiency increases sharply. The results indicate that oil detachment is governed by microjets generated during bubble collapse, which must overcome interfacial resistance for successful penetration. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the ultrasonic removal of oil-based residues and offer practical guidance for enhancing cleaning performance through control of acoustic parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107726"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of bioactives from food wastes: An overview on their comparative analysis towards commercialization","authors":"Arunima Nayak ,&nbsp;Astha Shah ,&nbsp;Sonali Bhatt ,&nbsp;Brij Bhushan ,&nbsp;Anuj Kumar ,&nbsp;Rama Gaur ,&nbsp;Inderjeet Tyagi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valorizing food waste to functional bioactives is a robust research area. Sustainability, cost effectiveness, enhanced productivity of the bio-extracts and finally on the industrial readiness have been the driving force for research towards non-thermal extractions, novel solvents, process optimization, dual technological adoption and lately on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML). Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) stand apart in the context of cost-effectiveness and hold tremendous potential to be scaled-up despite the identified challenges.</div><div>Thus, with the focus on technological merit, scalability challenges, advancements, quality assessment, the present review has made an elaborate performance assessment for bioactive recovery with respect to productivity, green solvents as well as on environment and energy impact. Finally, research and development on AI tools in quality process control, optimization and real-time monitoring and combined use of UAE + MAE in addressing technological flaws, boosting quality, productivity show positive aspects towards commercialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107712"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial oscillation of an encapsulated bubble near a planar rigid wall under dual-frequency acoustic excitation in viscoelastic fluids","authors":"Yu-Chen Zang ,&nbsp;Di-Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Xing-Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Da-Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Wei-Jun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbubbles play an important role in acoustic cavitation, power ultrasonics, and biomedical diagnosis and therapy. However, the influence of surrounding boundary conditions on the dynamic behaviors of an encapsulated bubble requires more in depth analysis and understanding. This study investigates the dynamic response of a lipid-coated bubble near a planar rigid wall in a viscoelastic fluid, which is transformed into a two-bubble model using the method of images. Assuming the excitation of a dual-frequency wave, the dynamic equation governing the radial oscillation is derived through combining the Rayleigh-Plesset model, the Marmottant model, and the Kelvin-Voigt model. Numerical computations are also performed for the instantaneous bubble radius in the time domain and the spectral amplitude in the frequency domain. Particular attention is paid to the pressure amplitude, the excited frequencies, the bubble-wall distance, the initial bubble radius as well as the elastic modulus and surface dilatational viscosity of the coating layer. The spectral peaks include the fundamental and higher-order resonance frequencies, accompanied by the sum frequency due to interaction between dual frequencies. The planar rigid wall significantly weakens the radial oscillation through suppressing the higher-order peaks in the frequency domain. The beating phenomenon occurs at two close frequencies with the oscillation amplitude changing periodically at the difference frequency. A longer bubble-wall distance corresponds to a weaker suppression effect of the bubble-wall interaction and thus enhances the radial oscillation. The maximum oscillation amplitude is achieved at the resonance radius but not necessarily the resonance elastic modulus of the coating layer. The findings may advantage in the design and optimization of microbubble-based systems across a wide range of applications such as ultrasonic cavitation and biomedical ultrasound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107714"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin using a cup horn sonoreactor","authors":"Nidal Del Valle Raydan ,&nbsp;Antoine Loquet ,&nbsp;Birgit Habenstein ,&nbsp;Brice Kauffmann ,&nbsp;Gregory Chatel ,&nbsp;Eduardo Robles","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential of ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis, employing a cup horn sonoreactor, for the sustainable extraction of keratin from duck feather waste. Unprecedented in its approach, this research evaluates the system’s efficacy in maintaining the structural integrity of cystine—a crucial amino acid—through controlled hydrolysis processes, or promoting disulfide bond rupture and regeneration upon precipitation. By using the unique advantages of the cup horn system, including homogeneous energy distribution and gentle processing, this investigation aims to overcome the limitations of hydrothermal treatments. The obtained keratins were analyzed using advanced spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermal analysis techniques (ATR-IR, Raman, SDS-PAGE, SEM, 13C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, and TGA). These analyses allowed the unveiling of the reaction pathways and structural changes in keratin under various temperatures in alkaline conditions. Lower temperatures (35 °C) favored the preservation of native disulfide linkages, while higher temperatures (75 °C) enhanced disulfide bond rupture and reformation. An intermediate temperature (55–65 °C) offered a balance between structural integrity and yield. This innovative method represents a significant advancement in feather waste valorization, providing a scalable and adaptable platform to tailor keratin properties such as yield, thermal stability, or disulfide bond regeneration, according to specific application needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107733"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of deep removal of iron impurities from zinc sulfate solutions via ultrasonic-enhanced goethite process","authors":"Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuxuan Hu ,&nbsp;Shixing Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yadong Li ,&nbsp;Libo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports an ultrasound-enhanced goethite process for deep removal of iron impurities from a zinc sulfate solution. This method eliminates the reliance on external seed crystals by using the ultrasonic cavitation effect to directly induce the formation of α-iron(III) oxide–hydroxide (a-FeOOH). Single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize process parameters. The Fe removal efficiency reached 99.72 % under optimal conditions: ultrasonic power = 160 W, pH = 3.0, reaction time = 80 min, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) dosage = 12 mL. The resulting goethite slag exhibited an iron content of 30.72 % and a moisture content of 39.21 %, showing a 3.92 % increase in the iron content and an 11.05 % decrease in the moisture content compared with the traditional process. Multiscale characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to explore the mechanism. DFT calculations confirmed that α-FeOOH formed bidentate [adsorption energy (ΔE) =  − 6.161] and monodentate (ΔE =  − 3.223) ligand adsorption configurations with SO₄²⁻ under conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The monodentate configuration exhibited low thermodynamic stability and was highly prone to desorption, facilitating goethite formation. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed that ultrasound promoted the cleavage of H₂O₂ to generate abundant ·OH radicals, accelerating the oxidation kinetics of Fe²⁺. Furthermore, ultrasound disrupted iron hydroxide [Fe(OH)₃] colloidal encapsulation, inhibited byproduct formation, and guided the directional hydrolysis of Fe³⁺ into highly crystalline goethite. This technology provided a theoretical foundation and technical support for achieving efficient and clean iron removal in hydrometallurgical zinc smelting processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107708"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced extraction techniques for sustainable recovery of health-promoting compounds from carob leaves","authors":"Simona Serio ,&nbsp;Valentina Santoro ,&nbsp;Anna Lisa Piccinelli ,&nbsp;Rita Celano ,&nbsp;Luca Rastrelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carob (<em>Ceratonia siliqua</em>) leaves (CSL) are an underutilized source of health-promoting compounds, including siliquapyranone, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose and myricitrin. CSL and its main compounds revealed remarkable antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potential. This study presents a systematic optimization of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and probe-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (probe-UAE) as sustainable strategies for the recovery of CSL bioactive compounds. Using response surface methodology combined with UHPLC-UV profiling, the main parameters influencing extraction efficiency and compound stability were identified. Optimal PHWE (98 °C, three 5 min-cycles) and probe-UAE (ethanol 52 %, 100 g L^–1, 20 min) conditions ensured exhaustive recovery of target compounds with negligible formation of extraction artefacts (gallic acid and digalloylglucoses), preserving antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compared with conventional techniques, PHWE and probe-UAE demonstrated a low environmental footprint, reducing extraction time, solvent use and environmental impact, while improving extraction yield and extract quality. PHWE generated fully aqueous extracts suitable for direct application, whereas probe-UAE offered high energy efficiency and operational simplicity. These findings demonstrate the potential of green extraction techniques for the sustainable valorization of carob leaves, providing high-value bioactive extracts and supporting the development of healthy food products. This study offers novel insights into the exploitation of untapped plant biomasses and provides a practical approach for integrating green innovations into the food and nutraceutical sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107710"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel and seed: A comprehensive review of key parameters and optimization strategies","authors":"Fatima Shehzadi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shoaib ,&nbsp;Salman Munir ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pomegranate (<em>Punica granatum</em> L.) peel and seeds are rich in phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ellagitannins, tannins, and punicic acid, which exhibit potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Conventional extraction methods, such as maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and hydrodistillation, are limited by excessive solvent and energy consumption, prolonged extraction times, and degradation of thermolabile compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has emerged as a sustainable and efficient alternative, utilizing acoustic cavitation to disrupt cell walls, enhance solvent penetration, and accelerate mass transfer. This review presents a comprehensive and UAE-specific synthesis of research on pomegranate peel and seed bioactives, focusing on the effect of key parameters ultrasonic power, frequency, extraction time, temperature, solvent system, solid-to-solvent ratio, and particle size on extraction efficiency and compound stability. Optimization strategies based on Response Surface Methodology, Box-Behnken Design, and Artificial Neural Networks are critically discussed to demonstrate their roles in maximizing yield and predicting extraction performance. Structural and spectroscopic studies confirming ultrasound-induced morphological disruption and molecular interactions are also summarized. This review uniquely synthesizes UAE-specific process parameters, optimization models, and structural characterization for both pomegranate peel and seed within a green valorization framework. Comparative analysis highlights the UAE superior performance over conventional and hybrid methods (microwave-, enzyme-, or deep eutectic solvent-assisted extractions). The review also identifies persisting challenges related to process scale-up, standardization of reporting metrics, and in vivo bioavailability assessment. Overall, this work provides an updated framework for improving extraction efficiency and supports the green valorization of pomegranate by-products into functional ingredients for food, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107722"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic modification: An approach to enhance the quality and functionality of camel milk hydrolysates","authors":"Anita Tanwar ,&nbsp;Yogesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajkumar Berwal ,&nbsp;Anil Harsh ,&nbsp;Swagatika Priyadarsini ,&nbsp;Mitul Bumbadiya","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of ultrasound, enzymatic hydrolysis (using Alcalase, Papain, and α-Chymotrypsin), and their combination on camel milk casein hydrolysates (CMCH). Proximate analysis confirmed high protein content in casein powder, which was reconstituted for hydrolysis. Results showed that ultrasound treatment significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis across all enzyme groups, with α-chymotrypsin combined with ultrasound achieving the highest peptide release (27.7 % at 6 h). pH measurements revealed accelerated acidification in ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis, while SDS-PAGE confirmed extensive protein breakdown. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) demonstrated markedly enhanced radical-scavenging activity in ultrasound-assisted hydrolysates, with CMCH-US- A (camel milk casein hydrolysates-ultrasound-assisted-alcalase) and CMCH-US-C (camel milk casein hydrolysates-ultrasound-assisted-α-chymotrypsin) showing the highest activities. FTIR analysis indicated enzyme-specific structural modifications, with alcalase producing the most pronounced secondary structure changes. Overall, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis effectively enhanced peptide release, antioxidant capacity, and structural modification of camel milk proteins, supporting its potential in functional food and nutraceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107698"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating resilient Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts: Ultrasonic frequency-dependent effects on viability and excystment","authors":"Prince Nana Amaniampong ,&nbsp;Ascel Samba-Louaka","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free-living amoebae (FLA) are significant environmental reservoirs for numerous pathogenic microorganisms. These protists exhibit remarkable resilience, often evading biocides due to their ability to form highly resistant dormant cysts under unfavorable conditions. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment on the viability of these amoeba cysts, using <em>Acanthamoeba castellanii</em>, a prevalent water and soil amoeba, as a model. We found that low-frequency ultrasound treatment significantly impaired the revival of <em>Acanthamoeba</em> cysts. In contrast, high-frequency ultrasound effectively ruptured cyst walls and induced direct amoebal death. Further investigation using <em>tert</em>-Butanol, an OH radical scavenger, partially mitigated the effects induced by high-frequency ultrasound, demonstrating that reactive oxygen species contribute to amoeba damages. Our results highlight ultrasound’s significant potential as an efficient and effective strategy to combat resilient <em>Acanthamoeba</em> cysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 107695"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}