Journal of Modern European History最新文献_第7页

Security, Public Order and Paramilitarism in Poland and Czechoslovakia, 1918–1920: Comparative Considerations 1918–1920年波兰和捷克斯洛伐克的安全、公共秩序和准军事主义：比较思考

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130216

Barbora Fischerová, Jochen Böhler

{"title":"Security, Public Order and Paramilitarism in Poland and Czechoslovakia, 1918–1920: Comparative Considerations","authors":"Barbora Fischerová, Jochen Böhler","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130216","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the struggle for control over the violence that the Second Polish Republic and the First Czechoslovak Republic fought during their early independence in 1918. As violence had spread throughout the European continent during World War I, it became a crucial post-war question to control its expansion throughout the societies, as different paramilitary groups started to take the law into their own hands, either to protect their co-citizen's interests, or to enforce their own political or economic ambitions, and very often both at the same time. Thus, the use and limitation of violence were ambivalent: the newcomer states often relied on paramilitary units as policing forces and instruments to expand their state power into contested, ethnically mixed border areas. On the other hand, these emerging states faced difficulties to control paramilitary groups, which challenged the state's authority and followed their own – often criminal – agenda. This article aspires to comparatively examine the use of violence and its attempted regulation in Poland and Czechoslovakia during the first years of their existence. Furthermore, presenting the Polish-Czech conflict over Cieszyn Silesia, it aims to show how, immediately after the Great War, ethnopolitical tugs-of-war, fought between regular soldiers and paramilitaries of neighbouring states over borderlands created civil war-like scenarios and put the ethnically mixed population in these regions between a proverbial rock and a hard place.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45748706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Civil Wars in the Shadow of World War II: The Cases of Chameria/Çameria and Kosovo 第二次世界大战阴影下的内战：查梅里亚/恰梅里亚和科索沃的案例

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130226

Franziska Zaugg, Jason Chandrinos

引用次数: 0

Shattered States: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Aftermath of Civil War in Russia and Greece 破碎的国家：俄罗斯和希腊内战后政治权威的重建

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130221

Yiannis Kokosalakis

{"title":"Shattered States: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Aftermath of Civil War in Russia and Greece","authors":"Yiannis Kokosalakis","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130221","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the process of disintegration and reconstitution of political authority in civil war with reference to the Russian (1918–1921) and Greek (1946–1949) civil wars. These conflicts bracket the post-World War I period of revolutionary and counterrevolutionary conflicts that has been the core subject of historical scholarship on European civil strife. Both cases were highly polarised clashes between establishment and revolutionary forces, and much of the relevant historiography has been naturally coloured by this aspect of the conflicts. I argue that the interpretative focus on polarisation obscures a different dynamic that is equally important for our understanding of civil war as a type of military conflict and, crucially, its political aftermath. Civil war in Russia and Greece did not emerge as a result of functioning states splitting into two or more competing authorities. It was rather the product of a multifaceted fragmentation of political power as a result of war and revolution; a shattering of the state into an array of asymmetrical actors competing for control over both its territory and its administrative resources. Polarisation followed this fragmentation, as these disparate actors manoeuvred to form the camps of the civil wars. This form of coalition building was a dynamic process in which armed violence was not only the chief means of resolution of the competing claims to power but also an essential factor in the formation of the sides themselves. A corollary of this is that the process of political reconstruction that follows civil war is determined as much by the imperative to work out a functioning relationship between the various elements of the victors’ camp as by securing victory through the permanent exclusion or reintegration of the vanquished.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

French Decolonisation and Civil War: The Dynamics of Violence in the Early Phases of Anti-colonial War in Vietnam and Algeria, 1940–1956 法国非殖民化和内战:1940-1956年越南和阿尔及利亚反殖民战争早期阶段的暴力动态

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130231

Martin Thomas, Pierre Asselin

引用次数: 1

The Wilsonian Moment at Lausanne, 1922–1923 1922–1923年洛桑的威尔逊时刻

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130224

Gürol Baba, J. Winter

引用次数: 1

Europe's Age of Civil Wars? An Introduction 欧洲的内战时代？引言

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130478

M. Conway, Robert Gerwarth

引用次数: 0

Was There a Civil War in Anatolia between the Ottoman Collapse in World War I and the Establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923? 在第一次世界大战奥斯曼帝国崩溃和1923年土耳其共和国成立之间，安纳托利亚是否发生过内战?

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130213

B. Kissane

引用次数: 0

Pipeline Construction as “Soft Power” in Foreign Policy. Why the Soviet Union Started to Sell Gas to West Germany, 1966–1970 管道建设作为外交政策中的“软实力”。为什么苏联开始向西德出售天然气，1966-1970

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130222

S. Schattenberg

{"title":"Pipeline Construction as “Soft Power” in Foreign Policy. Why the Soviet Union Started to Sell Gas to West Germany, 1966–1970","authors":"S. Schattenberg","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130222","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explain why and how two formerly hostile states such as the USSR and West Germany concluded a gas deal in 1970 that lasted not only the 20 years that had been initially contracted, but until 2022. Based on new documents from Russian archives, this paper will analyse how natural gas for the Politburo turned from a minor natural resource to a worthy political tool and a ‘soft power’. While the Soviet gas minister had already advocated the global sale of gas in 1966 and the Politburo used it in 1966 itself as a means to bind Austria to its sphere of influence, Moscow changed its mind towards West Germany only in 1969 due to political developments. In order to bring Willy Brandt to power, put China in its place and teach Italy a lesson, Moscow changed its policy towards West Germany from risk avoidance to danger containment. Both sides independently developed the idea that binding the other's market to their own would prevent the partner from imposing another embargo (the West) or stopping deliveries (the USSR). The entanglement of markets was supposed to serve as a guarantee for the reliability of the respective contractor – the result of which we see today.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

‘Patriotism is not just a Man’s Thing’: Right-wing Extremist Gender Policies within the so-called Identitarian Movement “爱国主义不只是男人的事”:所谓身份认同运动中的右翼极端主义性别政策

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221110714

J. Goetz

{"title":"‘Patriotism is not just a Man’s Thing’: Right-wing Extremist Gender Policies within the so-called Identitarian Movement","authors":"J. Goetz","doi":"10.1177/16118944221110714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221110714","url":null,"abstract":"Taking an analysis of relevant statements and campaigns of the right-wing extremist group ‘Identitarian Movement’ in German-speaking countries as a starting point, this article will reconstruct their key narratives with regard to gender policy, and identify the discourses and forms of organization that are used to integrate women into the Identitarian context. An overview of the origins and characteristics of the Identitarians is followed by a classification of Identitarian gender policy into three phases: its beginning (2012–2015), its peak (2016–2018) and its demise (2019–2020). As can be seen, during the first years it had been necessary to negotiate fundamental questions of the group's gender concepts, whereas during the peak years the focus shifted to threat scenarios involving ‘our women’. At the same time, female activists started to find their own projects. Since 2019, however, the group has started to fall apart, women's issues have lost their appeal and women activists have been leaving. Notwithstanding this decline, the question still remains of what to make of the gender-political commitment of Identitarian women in the context of feminist debates.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46759000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shielding the Market from the Masses: The Origins of Libertarian Anti-environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s 保护市场不受大众的影响:20世纪60年代和70年代自由主义反环境主义的起源

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221113610

N. Olsen, R. Andersen

{"title":"Shielding the Market from the Masses: The Origins of Libertarian Anti-environmentalism in the 1960s and 1970s","authors":"N. Olsen, R. Andersen","doi":"10.1177/16118944221113610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221113610","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, a large and influential group of free-market conservative think tanks has been pushing climate change scepticism, thereby contributing to a weakening of US commitment to environmental protection. What unite organizations such as the Cato Institute, the Heritage Foundation, the Heartland Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute is a libertarian commitment to free markets and low taxes, as well as a critique of ‘big government’. These positions form the ideological bedrock of free-market think tanks’ efforts to halt climate action. But what are the historical roots of anti-environmentalism in libertarian thought? In which contexts did it emerge, who gave voice to it, and what are the themes, arguments and beliefs underpinning it? This essay locates the roots of modern libertarian anti-environmentalism in the strong reactions of libertarian figureheads, such as Ayn Rand and Murray Rothbard, to the rise of environmentalism as a mass social movement and as a new area of government policy in the 1960s and 1970s. It shows how Rand and Rothbard perceived environmentalism as a collectivist leftist attempt to dismantle the American system of free enterprise capitalism and the whole of modern civilization in the name of environmental protection. In a fierce defence of modern industrial capitalism, Rand and","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0