Journal of Modern European History最新文献_第7页

Islands in a ‘State of Emergency’. Ionian Neutrality and Martial Law During the Greek Revolution 处于“紧急状态”的岛屿。希腊革命时期的爱奥尼亚中立与戒严法

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231161257

Aggelis Zarokostas

{"title":"Islands in a ‘State of Emergency’. Ionian Neutrality and Martial Law During the Greek Revolution","authors":"Aggelis Zarokostas","doi":"10.1177/16118944231161257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944231161257","url":null,"abstract":"The British Protectorate of the Ionian Islands, and particularly Corfu, was a nodal point in maritime communications. Since its very creation under the Treaty of Paris (November 1815), it gave the British a significant advantage in terms of information gathering. When a general uprising broke out in the Greek mainland, the British authorities put the islands in a state of emergency. Strict Ionian neutrality was declared and harsh measures were justified, which aimed to maintain ‘public tranquility’ and to secure the islanders from any revolutionary ideas coming from the mainland. The implications of this neutrality are little studied, perhaps because of the perceived peripheral role of the Ionian Islands in the Greek struggle. Yet, as this paper shows, the islands were deeply affected by developments taking place in the mainland, such as the rebellion of Ali Pasha of Ioannina between 1819 and 1822, when the British increased military presence in the region. Instead of discouraging the ties between the islanders and the Greek Revolution as intended, British reactions produced the opposite result. They further alienated the Anglo-Ionian state from the Ionian society. The present article analyses how British officials utilized disproportionate fears over the spread of revolutionary ideas in the islands, as well as military escalation in the region, to impose harsh measures on the islands and to ‘normalize’ emergency strategies. It builds upon relevant literature not only on the movement of information in the Mediterranean, but also on British policy over the so-called ‘Greek Question’.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"238 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Under the Yoke of Ottoman Domination: Slavery and Central European Philhellenism During the Greek War of Independence 在奥斯曼帝国统治的枷锁下:希腊独立战争期间的奴隶制和中欧的亲希腊主义

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231161250

Christopher Mapes

{"title":"Under the Yoke of Ottoman Domination: Slavery and Central European Philhellenism During the Greek War of Independence","authors":"Christopher Mapes","doi":"10.1177/16118944231161250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944231161250","url":null,"abstract":"Slavery remained a problem for Central Europeans after the defeat of Napoleon. Concerns over White, Christian enslavement animated German-speaking European responses to the Greek Independence movement. As most antislavery advocates turned their attention to the increasing volume of the slaves traded between Africa and the New World, as well as the persistence and entrenchment of New World slavery, Central Europeans turned their attention to the Christian, Greek subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The so-called ‘Barbary Problem’ (Barbareskenfrage) became enmeshed with the Eastern Question as Greeks revolted in Ottoman lands. Central Europeans had long viewed the domination of Christians in Islamic North Africa as the central problem of slavery until increased German migration and involvement in the New World brought new tensions to the ideas surrounding slavery. Greek insurrectionists against the Ottoman Empire breathed new life into older ideas about Christians enslaved in Islamic portions of Europe and Africa. Greek Independence gave Germans a bête noir closer to Europe than that of slavery in the Americas. Much of this interest owes to an enduring German philhellenic tradition which has been seldom analysed. Indeed, as Sue Marchand has written ‘the obsession of the Schillerian German literary and scholarly elite with the ancient Greeks has become an accepted-if severely underanlaysed-cliché’. This paper uses archival documents to shed more light on how Central Europeans’ interest and participation in the Greek War of Independence helped to revive old ideas about Christian enslavement at a time when New World slavery became the central concern of a broader European humanitarian protest against servitude.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"199 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48645899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ottoman Imperial Gaze: The Greek Revolution of 1821–1832 and a New History of the Eastern Question 奥斯曼帝国的凝视：1821–1832年的希腊革命与东方问题的新历史

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231161255

O. Ozavci

{"title":"The Ottoman Imperial Gaze: The Greek Revolution of 1821–1832 and a New History of the Eastern Question","authors":"O. Ozavci","doi":"10.1177/16118944231161255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944231161255","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces what hindsight shows to be the failure paths of the Ottoman ruling elites in dealing with the Greek revolution of 1821–1832. It considers why Sultan Mahmud II and the Ottoman ministers were unable to quell the ‘insurgence’ definitively and fend off Great Power intervention diplomatically. To this end, it looks into the reaction of the Ottoman rulers to the adversity as well as rivalries among the pashas of the sultan, which strained the imperial front, heightened violence against the insurgents, and then tore apart the military campaign. At the same time, it seeks to re-instate in the historiography of the Eastern Question the much-neglected Ottoman positionality with a contrapuntal approach. It places the agency of European and Ottoman actors within the same analytical frame in its discussion of the Great Power intervention in 1827, disclosing why the Ottoman ministers rejected the European Powers’ proposals to mediate between the imperial authorities and the Greek revolutionaries. Consulting fresh archival and secondary sources in the Arabic, English, French, Russian, Ottoman, and modern Turkish languages, the article draws attention to several overlooked yet vital moments of the revolution's storyline.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"222 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43696341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Under the Flag of Insurgency: The Greek Revolution in International and Imperial History 简介:在叛乱的旗帜下:国际和帝国历史上的希腊革命

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231163226

Beatrice de Graaf, E. de Lange

引用次数: 0

Navigating the Greek Revolution before Navarino. Imperial Interventions in Aegean Waters, 1821–1827 纳瓦里诺之前的希腊革命。1821年至1827年，帝国对爱琴海水域的干预

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231161221

E. de Lange

{"title":"Navigating the Greek Revolution before Navarino. Imperial Interventions in Aegean Waters, 1821–1827","authors":"E. de Lange","doi":"10.1177/16118944231161221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944231161221","url":null,"abstract":"Virtually every publication on the Greek Revolution signals the Battle of Navarino (20 October 1827) as a turning point in international involvement with events in Greece. What the historiography tends to ignore, however, is the significant degree of military intervention that preceded 1827, particularly at sea. Yet, the Greek Revolution was six years underway and had already taken to the sea by the time of Navarino. Several naval actors at Navarino had been involved in the maritime handling of the revolution since its very beginning, including the Royal Navy captain Gawen Hamilton, the French Vice-Admiral Henri de Rigny and the Algerine commander Mustapha Bachalî Raïs. What had they been doing before then in the seas around Greece? By looking at the first phases of the Greek Revolution, from 1821 to 1827, this article clarifies how different imperial powers tried to manage the uncertainties and threats that the rebellion brought to the waters of the Mediterranean. It draws from source material on the navies of Great Britain, France, Austria and the Ottoman Empire. The piece provides three insights that highlight the significance and contingencies of imperial involvement in the first phase of the revolution. These insights relate to: (a) belligerency at sea; (b) the security threats of piracy and privateering; and (3) naval interventionism.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"181 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44654170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policing Subversion in Post-Napoleonic Europe: Austria and the Greek Revolution of 1821–1830 后拿破仑时代欧洲的警务颠覆：奥地利与1821–1830年的希腊革命

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231161256

C. Aliprantis

引用次数: 0

Two Portrayals of Public Debt in the Formation of Modern Italy: From the Ancien Régime to Modern Capitalism 公共债务在现代意大利形成过程中的两种表现:从古代经济体制到现代资本主义

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/16118944231161251

G. Conte

引用次数: 0

Forum Global Dis:connections 论坛全球Dis:连接

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221148939

R. Wenzlhuemer, Tom Menger, Valeska Huber, Heidi J. S. Tworek, S. Sivasundaram, Simone M. Müller, Callie Wilkinson, M. Herren, Martin Dusinberre

引用次数: 0

Who May Represent a Nation in Upheaval? The Concept of Representation during the Polish November Uprising, 1830–1831 谁可以在动乱中代表一个国家？1830-1831年波兰十一月起义期间的代表权概念

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221146910

Piotr Kuligowski, W. Marzec

引用次数: 0

The Difficulty of Leaving: Freedom of Movement and the National Security State in Cold War West Germany 离开的困难:冷战西德的行动自由与国家安全状态

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221146911

S. Gehrig

引用次数: 0