Journal of Modern European History最新文献_第8页

How Littoral Slovenians Viewed the Idea of a South Slavic Unit in the Habsburg Monarchy 沿海的斯洛文尼亚人如何看待哈布斯堡王朝的南斯拉夫单位

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221146902

Igor Ivašković

{"title":"How Littoral Slovenians Viewed the Idea of a South Slavic Unit in the Habsburg Monarchy","authors":"Igor Ivašković","doi":"10.1177/16118944221146902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221146902","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the idea of a third unit in the Habsburg Monarchy prior to World War I as seen through the eyes of Slovenian liberals. The author presents the broader political context in which the concept emerged and then analyses the reactions of various political groups amid national tensions in the Balkans. Extracts of two liberal Slovenian newspapers, Edinost (Trieste) and Soča (Gorizia), are examined with respect to the key geopolitical dilemmas and interests of different stakeholders affected by the new geopolitical construct. It is argued that trialism was chiefly an attempt by Austria to curtail the power of Hungary. The majority of Slovenians and Croatians initially supported the idea because it implied their political emancipation. On the other side were the Hungarians, Italians and Serbs who saw the idea as a threat to their national interests. In terms of South Slavic relations, trialism represented a new battlefield for the Catholic and Orthodox visions of Yugoslavism. With further development of the concept, first and foremost due to Austria's ambitions to satisfy the Italians and leave Trieste and Gorizia outside of the imagined third unit, the idea introduced tension into Croatian–Slovenian relations and led to a fresh dispute in the Slovenian political sphere between liberals and conservatives. Finally, the advocates of trialism were unable to gain sufficient internal support within the Habsburg Monarchy, which thereby preserved the status quo and the dual regime until the monarchy's collapse during war.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"52 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41491889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speaking through Petitions: Peasant Farmers in the Nascent Democracy, Denmark 1830s 通过请愿讲话:新生民主中的农民，丹麦，19世纪30年代

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221146898

Anne Engelst Nørgaard

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Popular Politics in 19th-Century Sweden and the Road from Oligarchy to Democracy 19世纪瑞典大众政治的演变与从寡头政治到民主政治的道路

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221146897

Erik Bengtsson

{"title":"The Evolution of Popular Politics in 19th-Century Sweden and the Road from Oligarchy to Democracy","authors":"Erik Bengtsson","doi":"10.1177/16118944221146897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221146897","url":null,"abstract":"In the 20th century, Sweden distinguished itself as one of the most organized and participatory democracies in the world. But in the late 19th century the situation was much the opposite – Sweden had for Western Europe a low degree of suffrage, and low political participation. To explain the turnaround, this paper explores the evolution of a democratic political culture in the final third of the 19th century, in opposition to the oligarchic system. The empirical material consists of digitalized newspapers from the south of Sweden in the period 1866 to 1900, studying about 2700 articles that mention ‘popular meetings’, folkmöten, which was the contemporary description of political meetings. In the 1860s and 1870s a farmer-centred democratic critique dominated, combining proposals for widened suffrage with criticisms of banks and the bureaucracy. In the 1880s and 1890s, the social base was widened as urban workers – socialist and antisocialist – took a greater part and the ideological composition became more heterogeneous. The paper suggests that the folkmöten constituted an important arena for democratic socialization in a country with an oligarchical political system, creating a road forward for democratic reforms and a democratic society.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"71 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Jewish Refugees Were Imprisoned in a Spanish Detention Camp while Fleeing Europe (1940–1945) 为什么犹太难民在逃离欧洲时被关押在西班牙拘留营（1940–1945）

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130464

Jacqueline Adams

{"title":"Why Jewish Refugees Were Imprisoned in a Spanish Detention Camp while Fleeing Europe (1940–1945)","authors":"Jacqueline Adams","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130464","url":null,"abstract":"One route out of continental Europe for Jewish refugees seeking to escape Nazi and Vichy persecution was via Franco’s Spain. Yet hundreds of these refugees were imprisoned soon after arriving in the country. From prison, men of military age tended to be sent to a detention camp for weeks, months or up to three years. This camp was known as the ‘Campo de Concentración de Miranda de Ebro’, and conditions in it were harsh. Why were Jewish men sent there? They were interned in the camp because senior Spanish officials created a series of policies that spelt out what officials and officers should do with different categories of foreigners who had entered the country without all the necessary documents. These policies did not target Jews. They were influenced by large population movements within France and from France into Spain; by the pro-Axis and pro-Allies leanings of senior officials; and by pressure that the British, American and German ambassadors in Madrid put on the Spanish government. Between September 1940 and January 1943, the policy determined that provincial governors were responsible for deciding what to do with newly arrived foreigners. Provincial governors’ membership in the Falange, a Germanophile party, may have influenced their decisions. While interned in the camp, many Jewish refugees saw their visas to their final destinations and boat tickets out of Europe expire, and they endured hunger, illness, separation from their family and other conditions that were detrimental to their health.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"21 1","pages":"110 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44811682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Security, Public Order and Paramilitarism in Poland and Czechoslovakia, 1918–1920: Comparative Considerations 1918–1920年波兰和捷克斯洛伐克的安全、公共秩序和准军事主义：比较思考

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130216

Barbora Fischerová, Jochen Böhler

{"title":"Security, Public Order and Paramilitarism in Poland and Czechoslovakia, 1918–1920: Comparative Considerations","authors":"Barbora Fischerová, Jochen Böhler","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130216","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the struggle for control over the violence that the Second Polish Republic and the First Czechoslovak Republic fought during their early independence in 1918. As violence had spread throughout the European continent during World War I, it became a crucial post-war question to control its expansion throughout the societies, as different paramilitary groups started to take the law into their own hands, either to protect their co-citizen's interests, or to enforce their own political or economic ambitions, and very often both at the same time. Thus, the use and limitation of violence were ambivalent: the newcomer states often relied on paramilitary units as policing forces and instruments to expand their state power into contested, ethnically mixed border areas. On the other hand, these emerging states faced difficulties to control paramilitary groups, which challenged the state's authority and followed their own – often criminal – agenda. This article aspires to comparatively examine the use of violence and its attempted regulation in Poland and Czechoslovakia during the first years of their existence. Furthermore, presenting the Polish-Czech conflict over Cieszyn Silesia, it aims to show how, immediately after the Great War, ethnopolitical tugs-of-war, fought between regular soldiers and paramilitaries of neighbouring states over borderlands created civil war-like scenarios and put the ethnically mixed population in these regions between a proverbial rock and a hard place.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"468 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45748706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Civil Wars in the Shadow of World War II: The Cases of Chameria/Çameria and Kosovo 第二次世界大战阴影下的内战：查梅里亚/恰梅里亚和科索沃的案例

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130226

Franziska Zaugg, Jason Chandrinos

引用次数: 0

Shattered States: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Aftermath of Civil War in Russia and Greece 破碎的国家：俄罗斯和希腊内战后政治权威的重建

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130221

Yiannis Kokosalakis

{"title":"Shattered States: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Aftermath of Civil War in Russia and Greece","authors":"Yiannis Kokosalakis","doi":"10.1177/16118944221130221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130221","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the process of disintegration and reconstitution of political authority in civil war with reference to the Russian (1918–1921) and Greek (1946–1949) civil wars. These conflicts bracket the post-World War I period of revolutionary and counterrevolutionary conflicts that has been the core subject of historical scholarship on European civil strife. Both cases were highly polarised clashes between establishment and revolutionary forces, and much of the relevant historiography has been naturally coloured by this aspect of the conflicts. I argue that the interpretative focus on polarisation obscures a different dynamic that is equally important for our understanding of civil war as a type of military conflict and, crucially, its political aftermath. Civil war in Russia and Greece did not emerge as a result of functioning states splitting into two or more competing authorities. It was rather the product of a multifaceted fragmentation of political power as a result of war and revolution; a shattering of the state into an array of asymmetrical actors competing for control over both its territory and its administrative resources. Polarisation followed this fragmentation, as these disparate actors manoeuvred to form the camps of the civil wars. This form of coalition building was a dynamic process in which armed violence was not only the chief means of resolution of the competing claims to power but also an essential factor in the formation of the sides themselves. A corollary of this is that the process of political reconstruction that follows civil war is determined as much by the imperative to work out a functioning relationship between the various elements of the victors’ camp as by securing victory through the permanent exclusion or reintegration of the vanquished.","PeriodicalId":44275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern European History","volume":"20 1","pages":"498 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

French Decolonisation and Civil War: The Dynamics of Violence in the Early Phases of Anti-colonial War in Vietnam and Algeria, 1940–1956 法国非殖民化和内战:1940-1956年越南和阿尔及利亚反殖民战争早期阶段的暴力动态

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130231

Martin Thomas, Pierre Asselin

引用次数: 1

The Wilsonian Moment at Lausanne, 1922–1923 1922–1923年洛桑的威尔逊时刻

IF 0.5 3区历史学

Journal of Modern European History Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/16118944221130224

Gürol Baba, J. Winter

引用次数: 1

Europe's Age of Civil Wars? An Introduction 欧洲的内战时代？引言