Linacre Quarterly最新文献_第3页

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/00243639261426053

Thomas Carroll

引用次数: 0

Is There a Link Between Paracetamol and Autism? A Response to "Evaluation of the Evidence on Acetaminophen Use and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using the Navigation Guide Methodology". 对乙酰氨基酚和自闭症有联系吗？对“使用导航指南方法评价对乙酰氨基酚使用和神经发育障碍的证据”的回应。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1177/00243639261424843

Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo, María Teresa Murillo-Llorente, Julio Tudela

{"title":"Is There a Link Between Paracetamol and Autism? A Response to \"Evaluation of the Evidence on Acetaminophen Use and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using the Navigation Guide Methodology\".","authors":"Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo, María Teresa Murillo-Llorente, Julio Tudela","doi":"10.1177/00243639261424843","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261424843","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary presents a critical appraisal and counterargument of a recent published work, which applies the Navigation Guide methodology to review the relationship between prenatal acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The authors conclude that there is sufficient evidence to recommend taking immediate precautionary measures and limiting the use of acetaminophen among pregnant women. However, this conclusion exceeds the strength of the available evidence. In this commentary, we highlight important methodological limitations and inconsistencies between studies and address the risk of generating unjustified social alarm. Messages suggesting causality could lead pregnant women, especially those with limited access to reliable medical information, to stop taking a drug that is considered safe without having clear alternatives. We emphasize the importance of interpreting observational evidence cautiously and avoiding hasty extrapolations to clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261424843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting National Life Expectancy: The Effect of Including Prenatal Deaths in Canada. 重新审视国民预期寿命：包括加拿大产前死亡的影响。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/00243639261423447

Uzair Jamil, Joshua M Pearce

{"title":"Revisiting National Life Expectancy: The Effect of Including Prenatal Deaths in Canada.","authors":"Uzair Jamil, Joshua M Pearce","doi":"10.1177/00243639261423447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639261423447","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional practices and contemporary international standards for calculating life-years from live birth incorporate a subjective notion of social desirability, wherein only the lifespans of individuals deemed socially acceptable are included in these assessments. These assumptions mask low life-year deaths of socially undesirable humans and obscure results of medical and environmental interventions, thus falsely indicating higher life expectancies for a population. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of national health trends, this study introduces a methodology that incorporates individuals considered socially undesirable into life expectancy estimates. A case study is presented for Canada to evaluate the national life expectancy and planned prenatal deaths from 1970 to 2020. When accounting for pregnancy terminations, the actual life expectancy is approximately 65.8 years-16.7 years less than the 2020 estimate of 82.5 years, reflecting a 20% decrease. The maximum difference of 20.5 years occurs between the official estimate and the revised life expectancy in 2002. From the results it is evident that published Canadian life expectancies are incorrect. A comprehensive global investigation is required, along with a refinement in life expectancy calculations that avoids bias by accounting for life expectancy of both socially desirable and undesirable humans.","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261423447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Morality of Harm Reduction Interventions in Substance Use Treatment. 评估药物使用治疗中减少危害干预措施的道德性。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251414814

Matthew Robert Dernbach

{"title":"Assessing the Morality of Harm Reduction Interventions in Substance Use Treatment.","authors":"Matthew Robert Dernbach","doi":"10.1177/00243639251414814","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251414814","url":null,"abstract":"Addiction impairs human agency; causes medical, behavioral, and social sequelae; and can result in reduced imputability for addiction-related behavior. Harm reduction refers to a variety of interventions implemented to mitigate the harmful sequelae associated with an individual's ongoing substance use. Whereas there is evidence that harm reduction interventions can reduce addiction-related sequelae and potentially save lives, a discussion of the morality of harm reduction raises issues of consequentialism, virtue ethics, cooperation with evil, double effect, counseling the lesser of two evils, tolerance, gradualism, the principle of totality, and scandal. To illustrate the moral considerations relevant to harm reduction, we discuss the case of the medically supervised injecting service that was proposed by the Sisters of Charity Health Service in 1999 in collaboration with the government of New South Wales at St. Vincent's Hospital in the Darlinghurst suburb of Sydney, Australia. We present the previously unpublished conclusions of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's (CDF) evaluation of that program. The CDF adjudicated that a medically supervised injecting service constitutes \"extremely proximate material cooperation\" with substance use and its foreseeable adverse effects, and therefore ruled against administering such a program at a Catholic hospital. This decision raises the issue that specific harm reduction interventions can be associated with varying degrees of cooperation with addiction. Drawing from Catholic tradition, we provide guidance that can inform the provision of morally permissible harm reduction interventions.","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639251414814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12890609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultivating an Eschatological Imaginary: A Liturgical Approach to Death. 培养末世想象：死亡的礼仪方法。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251390445

Addison Suzzanne Tenorio

引用次数: 0

Ethical Considerations of Abortion Education in Undergraduate Catholic Medical Institutions. 天主教本科医疗机构堕胎教育的伦理思考。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251393954

Kailey C Shine, Recia Frenn

{"title":"Ethical Considerations of Abortion Education in Undergraduate Catholic Medical Institutions.","authors":"Kailey C Shine, Recia Frenn","doi":"10.1177/00243639251393954","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251393954","url":null,"abstract":"Medical schools have an obligation to provide a well-rounded, comprehensive education for their students, including reproductive healthcare. The Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Healthcare Services (ERDs) provide guidance and directives for hospitals sponsored by the Catholic Church. The ERDs prohibit performing abortions, including material cooperation with abortion. We examined whether teaching medical students about abortion in Catholic medical schools is ethically permissible under the ERDs. Literature for ethical frameworks, theology, and medical education standards was examined. We also sought to identify whether medical students at a Catholic medical school were satisfied with the current abortion curriculum. An Institutional Review Board approved survey was distributed to fourth-year medical students at a Catholic medical school evaluating satisfaction with the current curriculum. Students indicated that abortion education is an important aspect of the medical school curriculum. We propose that it is ethically permissible to provide comprehensive didactic reproductive education, including abortion, in Catholic medical schools while still respecting the ERDs.","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639251393954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12685730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Did Denise Darvall Die? A Contribution to the History of the First Heart Transplant. 丹尼斯·达瓦尔是怎么死的？对第一例心脏移植史的贡献。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251380922

Zoltán Süttő

{"title":"How Did Denise Darvall Die? A Contribution to the History of the First Heart Transplant.","authors":"Zoltán Süttő","doi":"10.1177/00243639251380922","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251380922","url":null,"abstract":"The first heart transplantation, performed by Christiaan Barnard in 1967, was one of the most important medical events of the twentieth century. The real significance of the operation, beyond the surgical feat, was setting a precedent for the reinterpretation of death and introduction of the controversial concept of \"brain death.\" Contemporary public acceptance of this concept was supported by the general belief that, according to the newly created criteria, Denise Darvall, the first heart donor had been brain-dead, and her heart was procured when cardiac arrest occurred after stopping mechanical ventilation. However, there are doubts whether Denise was really brain-dead. Moreover, Barnard's brother, Marius confessed that Denise's heart was stopped with potassium injection, although he later retracted this claim. To clarify these issues, data related to the first heart transplant were collected. Taken together, the data suggest that the first heart donor, whose case set a precedent for organ removal from \"brain-dead\" patients, was not in fact \"brain-dead\" in today's term, and, moreover, her heart may have been arrested artificially, similarly to a non-voluntary active euthanasia.Non-technical summary: According to a widely held view, Denise Darvall, the donor of the world's first heart transplant, was a brain-dead victim of a car accident, and her organs were explanted when cardiac arrest occurred. However, there are serious doubts both about her brain death and spontaneous cardiac arrest. This research revealed that Denise, whose case set a precedent for organ removal from brain-dead patients, was almost certainly not brain-dead and her heart was arrested with potassium injection. These results suggest that Denise Darvall's death was similar to a non-voluntary active euthanasia.Short summary: Data related to the first heart transplant suggest that the donor was not brain-dead and her heart was arrested artificially, similarly to a non-voluntary active euthanasia.","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639251380922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12634396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Physician's Conscience and Virtue in Defending the Right to Life and Human Dignity. 医生的良心和美德在捍卫生命和人类尊严的权利。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251390439

Jaime Hernandez-Ojeda

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty and the Future. 不确定性与未来。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251391955

Thomas Carroll

引用次数: 0

Ableism and Its Effect on Medical Decisions at the Beginning of Life. 残疾及其对生命初期医疗决策的影响。

IF 0.5

Linacre Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-11-18 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/00243639251390446

Cynthia Jones-Nosacek

{"title":"Ableism and Its Effect on Medical Decisions at the Beginning of Life.","authors":"Cynthia Jones-Nosacek","doi":"10.1177/00243639251390446","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251390446","url":null,"abstract":"Ableism is discrimination and social prejudice against people with physical and/or mental disabilities. It is the assumption that people with disabilities are inferior to those who are not, denying people their dignity by defining them by their disability. This denial results in the belief that people with disabilities cannot live rich and full lives. In the medical profession, the majority of physicians believe that people with a disability have a poor quality of life. This negative attitude results in how medical decisions are made at the beginning of life for those who have physical or genetic disabilities or are born at the cusp of viability. Combined with the idea of reproductive choice that says women can choose the quality of their unborn children, it becomes \"common sense\" to abort a fetus or refuse to resuscitate a newborn that has or may acquire a disability. Recognizing their innate dignity means that all humans are of equal value from fertilization to death. This would result in a change in how all human beings are seen at the beginning of life. Treatment would be based on how proportionately beneficial it is for the condition to be treated rather than by how the medical profession judges the fetus' or newborn's overall \"quality of life.\"","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":"93 2","pages":"201-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13018667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0