Linacre Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Why Canadian MAiD is Not a Medical Procedure.","authors":"Uzair Jamil, Joshua M Pearce","doi":"10.1177/00243639261492161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639261492161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada introduced Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in 2016, and it now accounts for more than 5% of all deaths in the country. Although it is framed as a healthcare service, MAiD is fundamentally incompatible with medicine. There are procedural, philosophical, and ethical distinctions between MAiD and palliative care, which are also confirmed by major national and international organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Canadian Society of Palliative Medicine. MAiD contradicts the foundational principles of medicine, including the Hippocratic Oath's prohibition against administering lethal substances. The intentional killing of a patient, regardless of consent, cannot constitute a therapeutic act. Normalized terminology and systemic underfunding of palliative care obscure these distinctions and risk eroding the physician-patient relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261492161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Ethics of an Imposed Euthanasia Clinic Within a Catholic Hospital Space.","authors":"Yuriko Ryan","doi":"10.1177/00243639261490177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639261490177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Catholic healthcare institutions worldwide are under increasing pressure to participate in euthanasia-often through forced implementation rather than chosen partnership, creating ethical challenges in balancing institutional conscience and theological integrity with their obligations to serve the broader public. This paper develops an interdisciplinary spatial ethics framework of healthcare space grounded in epistemology, environmental psychology, and Catholic moral theology; it examines three spatial dimensions-operational, missional, and moral-and Catholic social teaching principles of subsidiarity, preferential option for the vulnerable, and human dignity. The framework is applied to a paradigm case: a government-mandated euthanasia clinic structurally embedded within a Catholic hospital's interior hallway, its mural extending into the hallway and creating a single spatial aesthetic continuum between the contested practice and the Catholic healthcare space. Spatial analysis reveals not merely proximity, but the absence of any institutionally produced boundary-operational, missional, and moral-between Catholic space and the euthanasia act. This paper argues that the provision of facilities for grave evil cannot be assessed apart from spatial-moral effect, and the spatial-moral effects of architectural integration remain subject to cooperation analysis even under conditions of imposed configuration where institutional capacity for spatial remediation persists. The clinic's architectural integration and spatial arrangements constitute proximate mediate material cooperation and render proportionate reason structurally unavailable. Beyond cooperation, the spatial arrangement creates three further harms: scandal erodes trust in Catholic healthcare; stakeholder exclusion from design decisions undermines subsidiarity; and vulnerable populations experience environmental pressure through repeated exposure and architectural normalization within spaces intended for sanctity of life. This case study demonstrates the need for globally applicable evaluation frameworks equipping Catholic healthcare institutions to assess facility proposals, protect vulnerable populations, and preserve institutional conscience through architectural and spatial integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261490177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Imago Hominis</i>: Artificial Intelligence as Moral Mirror and the Recovery of Creator Responsibility.","authors":"Jay J Oh, Michelle E J Oh","doi":"10.1177/00243639261487904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639261487904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing literature on artificial intelligence (AI) and the <i>imago Dei</i> has focused primarily on whether AI systems can or might share in the image of God, asking whether machines possess properties, functions, or relational capacities that qualify them as image-bearers. This article argues that this dominant framing, while theologically generative, obscures a more urgent question: What do AI systems reveal about their human creators? Drawing on the theological principle that creation reflects the character of the creator, this article develops the <i>imago hominis</i> (the image of the human) as a theological hermeneutic for interpreting AI. Rather than asking whether AI bears the image of God, the framework asks what AI reveals about the moral character of the persons and institutions that create, govern, and deploy it. AI systems function not as independent moral agents but as moral mirrors, encoding and amplifying the values, priorities, and blind spots of those responsible for their design, training, and deployment. Through an analysis of three case studies-racial bias in healthcare algorithms, Australia's Robodebt automated welfare system, and the correctional offender management profiling for alternative sanctions recidivism risk assessment tool-the article argues that what are commonly described as \"AI ethics failures\" are more accurately understood as failures of institutional moral character made visible through algorithmic implementation. This reframing carries significant implications for both theological anthropology and AI governance. It recovers creator responsibility by relocating moral accountability from the artifact to the persons and institutions that create, govern, and deploy it.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261487904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classical Theism and the Pastoral Problem of Evil.","authors":"B Kyle Keltz","doi":"10.1177/00243639261486685","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261486685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been argued by some theists that a sharp distinction should be made when responding to the logical problem of evil and the pastoral problem of evil. Responding to the logical problem, they say, is only for philosophers, and responding to the pastoral problem is only a job for counselors. However, some theists have recently argued that concepts from theodicy might be useful in comforting those who are suffering. Accordingly, this article will discuss how concepts from classical Christian theodicy might aid those who are ministering to people who are experiencing suffering. This article will first provide a summary of the classical theodicy found in the writings of Thomas Aquinas. After providing an overview of the major portions of classical theodicy, this article will focus on and discuss in more detail the classical response to human pain and suffering. Finally, this article will attempt to draw out several ways that classical theodicy can supplement the pastoral problem of evil. Ultimately, it will conclude that classical Christian theodicy can help with the pastoral problem of evil, and responding to suffering with faith, hope, and love can help comfort those experiencing pain and loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261486685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watchfulness (<i>Nepsis</i>) and Attentive Presence (<i>Prosoche</i>): A Patristic Framework for Clinical and Spiritual Healing.","authors":"Donald Rick Froyd","doi":"10.1177/00243639261487901","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261487901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary clinical practice increasingly recognizes the centrality of attention, presence, and affect regulation in healing trauma and restoring psychological integration. Early Christian ascetical writers-particularly Hesychios, Evagrius, and Cassian-developed a sophisticated spiritual anthropology centered on watchfulness (<i>nepsis</i>) and attentive presence (<i>prosoche</i>), practices aimed at cultivating interior clarity, discernment, and freedom of heart. This article retrieves these ascetical disciplines and explores their relevance for modern clinical work, drawing on patristic sources and contemporary trauma research. Integrating insights from van der Kolk, Siegel, Porges, and Schore, the article argues that watchfulness parallels key therapeutic capacities such as interoceptive awareness, affect regulation, and mindful attunement. Two clinical vignettes illustrate how this patristic framework can inform therapeutic presence and support patients in the healing of dissociation, shame, and emotional fragmentation. Watchfulness emerges as a unifying practice that bridges patristic spiritual psychology and contemporary clinical science.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261487901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Called to Heal: Parallelisms Between the Catholic Faith and the Art of Medicine.","authors":"William A Langbo","doi":"10.1177/00243639261486682","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261486682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical profession and modern healthcare have their origins in Catholicism, with numerous influences and similarities between these two fields. Medicine is, in essence, a vocation the lay physician is called to, akin in many ways to the Catholic priest. This article seeks to explore the numerous associations between medicine and Catholicism, drawing upon previously described examples, and expounding upon comparisons and how they might apply to the Catholic lay physician. The parallelisms between the Catholic physician and priest, the operating room and the Mass, the clinic and the confessional, and God's physical healing and God's spiritual healing are many. Priests are called to be <i>in persona Christi capitis</i> during the Mass. Catholic lay physicians are called to be God's instrument of healing in both the operating room and the clinic. We are all called to be Christ's presence to others. In realizing this unique role entrusted to the Catholic physician, may we all strive to remember the dignity of each patient we treat and approach our vocation with a profound reverence for our fellow man, created in God's image.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261486682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Misinformation and the Crisis of Conscience Formation.","authors":"Jason Ramos, Sean Cruess, James Holt","doi":"10.1177/00243639261487051","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261487051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proliferation of digital media has transformed the conditions under which Catholics form conscience, particularly regarding public health. This article examines vaccine refusal motivated by misinformation as a distinct moral problem in Catholic bioethics. We argue that social media algorithms, political rhetoric, and the cultivation of informal \"alternative\" authorities create an environment in which the Thomistic duty to pursue truth is systematically obstructed, expanding rather than diminishing moral responsibility. Drawing on the Catechism, <i>Veritatis Splendor</i>, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's Note on the Morality of Using Some Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines, and the Thomistic account of the intellect ordered toward truth, we evaluate such refusal in light of the Fifth and Eighth Commandments, the principle of solidarity, and the tradition's distinction between vincible and invincible ignorance. We propose a three-category typology of vaccine refusal-principled medical or conscientious objection, mitigated hesitancy, and culpable misinformation-driven denial-to resist sweeping moral judgments while preserving genuine accountability. We conclude with pastoral and clinical recommendations directed at physicians, pastors, families, and Catholic institutions, oriented not toward winning arguments but toward minimizing harm and restoring properly formed conscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261487051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why or Who Waits for Marriage? The Sociological Rationale for Chastity.","authors":"Hanna Klaus, Stephen Napier, Louise Mitchell, William V Williams","doi":"10.1177/00243639261478803","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261478803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article evaluates the sociological aspects of saving sex for marriage. Promiscuity is linked to high rates of sexually transmitted infections, abortion, and high rates of divorce, which has multiple negative consequences on children. Single motherhood and cohabitation are also associated with negative consequences for children including lower emotional well-being, emotional problems, poorer physical health, and poorer academic achievement. Cohabitation, which is becoming increasingly common either before marriage or without marriage, is associated with a higher frequency of intimate partner violence (including severe violence, sexual violence, and emotional violence) and substance abuse. In contrast, saving sex for marriage is associated with lower divorce rates and consequently higher emotional, behavioral, social, health, and academic outcomes of children from \"intact\" households. Compared with cohabitation, marriage is associated with higher relationship satisfaction, relationship dedication, relationship confidence, sexual satisfaction, and friendship, and with lower negative communication. These observations support Church teaching on sexual behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261478803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception Is Not Prevalence: Methodological Caution in Interpreting Social Media Confidentiality Breaches Among Medical Students.","authors":"Ade Firmannandya","doi":"10.1177/00243639261478809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639261478809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261478809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catholic Doctrine Supports Religious Exemption to COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates.","authors":"Kyle C McKenna, Curt McGovern, Meredith Sabol","doi":"10.1177/00243639261456061","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639261456061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent federal court cases involving termination of employees who were denied a religious exemption to refuse COVID-19 vaccination mandated by employers renewed the discussion of the morality of using medicines produced and/or tested in cell lines derived from elective abortions. A common argument of employers in these lawsuits was that the association of COVID-19 vaccines and certain over-the-counter (OTC) medicines with past abortions was equivalent. Therefore, the use of OTC medicines but refusal of COVID-19 vaccines represented a contradiction to a sincerely held religious belief. In this commentary, we demonstrate that the association of COVID-19 vaccines and certain OTC drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, Benadryl, and Claritin) with past abortions is not equivalent. We outline the Catholic church's position on the use of medicines with an association with elective abortions and demonstrate how Catholic doctrine supports religious-exemptions to COVID-19 vaccine mandates citing a tenet of the faith, respect for all human life.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"00243639261456061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}