Linacre Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Trauma and Disfigurement: Psychosocial Impact and Ethical Reflections on Esthetic Normalization in Medicine.","authors":"Gaia Calcini","doi":"10.1177/00243639251334426","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251334426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present article examines the psychological repercussions and ethical challenges associated with the medical treatment of disfigurement, highlighting how such interventions, while essential for physical recovery, can have significant impacts on personal identity and the psychosocial wellbeing of patients. In particular, it discusses the psychological trauma stemming from the condition of disfigurement and the complex dynamics of stigmatization and discrimination that follow. The analysis also focuses on the tendency of modern medicine to promote esthetic normalization, emphasizing how such medical treatments, although often necessary for physical recovery, raise profound questions about self-determination, individual freedom, and respect for human diversity. Through a critical examination of contemporary medical practices, the text discusses how the pressure toward esthetic normalization can negatively influence personal identity and the social perception of individuals affected by disfigurement. It argues that the prevailing medical approach, focused on physical correction, may not only limit esthetic diversity but also perpetuate stereotypes and discrimination. It highlights how academic literature and artistic practices offer alternative paradigms that value the uniqueness and authenticity of the human body, proposing a more inclusive and less conformist vision of physical and psychological well-being. The work of artists like Laura Ferguson and Mark Gilbert, along with theorizations by philosophers like Michel Foucault, provides a critical perspective on dominant cultural norms and suggests new ways of thinking about and treating disfigurement, emphasizing the importance of an approach that respects individual freedom and celebrates bodily diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"299-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analogate of the Divine Physician in the Clinic: Understanding the Christian Health Care Professional as a Symbol of Christ.","authors":"Joseph Peter Swindeman","doi":"10.1177/00243639241290562","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639241290562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Divine Physician is a traditional title that the Church gives to Jesus Christ. This metaphor helps symbolize Jesus's mission to heal our souls of sin and its effects. In this paper, I consider this metaphor as a source for understanding the vocation of the Catholic physician. Understanding that the role of the laity is to communicate the divine law to the world, I argue that this title raises the human physician's dignity to the status of an image of Christ's saving activity in the clinic. This paper roots this dignity in the supernatural life of grace by giving both a philosophical and a theological exposition of the metaphor of the Divine Physician.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"150-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First, Do No Harm (to the One You Train).","authors":"J Brewer Eberly, Benjamin W Frush","doi":"10.1177/00243639241311315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639241311315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Primum non nocere</i> or \"first, do no harm\" is perhaps the most well-known aphorism in the culture of medical education. While its application to patients is well known, the injunction can also be read with medical trainees in mind. Teaching physicians have an obligation to recognize their role as moral teachers and coaches, who must consider \"first, do no harm\" not only when considering their patients but also when weighing the moral formation of their trainees, especially in a season in which medical educators are attempting to clarify the \"harms\" of medical training. This multi-valent vision of \"first, do no harm\" offers an alternative way to frame the contemporary difficulties of medical education while inviting a more candid, nuanced discourse between teachers and learners about the experiences of medical training, in which it can be difficult to discern between that which is truly harm and that which is merely \"hard.\" For those situations in which it is unclear-or indeed when harm is unavoidable-it may be through communal practices of reharmonization, reincorporation, and \"reharm\" that master educators might learn to tell the story of good medicine with their trainees anew, fostering moral articulacy for the trainees to whom they must also \"first, do no harm.\"</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong><i>Primum non nocere</i> or \"first, do no harm\" is among the most well-known proverbs in medical education. While its application to patients is well known, the injunction can also be read with medical trainees in mind. Teaching physicians might consider \"first, do no harm\" not only when considering their patients but also when considering the moral formation of their trainees. In a season when medical educators are attempting to clarify the \"harms\" of medical training, this reading can invite a more candid, nuanced discourse between teachers and learners about the experiences of medical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Forensic Investigation and Critique of Suicidal Ideation Reported in a Turnaway Study.","authors":"David C Reardon","doi":"10.1177/00243639241281978","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639241281978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a published report of suicidal ideation rates drawn from the Turnaway Study, the abortion advocacy group Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH) asserted that their findings proved that abortion has no effect on suicidal ideation. Therefore, laws requiring notification of abortion's link to higher suicide rates were not based on good science. But how good is the science ANSIRH offers to displace the evidence of an abortion-suicide connection? The Turnaway Study upon which they rely is drawn from a non-random, non-representative convenience sample that suffered from a 68% refusal rate and a 50% attrition rate. No conclusions applicable to the general population of aborting women can be drawn from such a sample. Moreover, on closer examination, ANSIRH's suicidal ideation trajectory analysis is severely flawed and violates Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Basic and critical information is withheld, specifically the mean scores and number of women identified as having suicidal thoughts. Instead, readers are provided with only highly massaged results from a mixed-effects logistic regression employing thirteen covariates that appear to have been chosen precisely to water down the confidence intervals to such a high degree that virtually nothing was statistically significant. In addition, ANSIRH suggested that an attrition analysis of three of the covariates used strengthened the reliability of their finding. However, the fact that they chose not to report on attrition rates associated with the other ten covariates, much less the two outcome variables related to suicidal ideation, actually exposes the falsity of this reliability claim. Rather than proving that abortion has no effect on suicidal behaviors, ANSRIH's published analysis provides evidence of deliberate obfuscation and disinformation by a group funded and dedicated to the expansion of abortion rates around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"124-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Innate Despair: The Philosophical Limitations of Transhumanism and its Misplaced Hope in Human Enhancement.","authors":"Paschal M Corby","doi":"10.1177/00243639241281977","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639241281977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper sets forth some philosophical foundations of the transhumanist project, drawing on its roots in philosophical positivism and its confidence in the liberating power of technology. Such confidence is interpreted within the sphere of hope, departing from transhumanism's negative presumptions regarding the human condition, and embracing its aspirations for a humanity without limits. However, it is the claim of this paper that such hope is deceptive. Since transhumanism is incapable of grasping the depths of the human person, limited by its own philosophical categories, it both underestimates the human capacity for interior transformation and misunderstands the real nature of hope. Thus, transhumanism is marked by a deeply rooted despair that wears the mask of an insufficient hope.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"182-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tipping Point: Pathogenic Stress and the Biopolitics of Euthanasia.","authors":"Charles S Love","doi":"10.1177/00243639241287918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639241287918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hopelessness and demoralization following a terminal diagnosis can affect the capacity for self-governance. Such dispositions can increase the allostatic load-the cumulative burden of stress and anxiety-resulting in a neurophysiologic decline that can impair autonomy and influence the desire to end one's life deliberately. An allostatic overload is characterized by the inability to autoregulate stress and is associated with pathological changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampus. These changes raise concerns about the reliability of concepts of autonomy <i>in extremis</i>, potentially undermining arguments that are used to justify voluntary euthanasia and medically assisted death. Studies have associated depression and hopelessness with suicidal ideation in the general population. However, fewer studies have examined how patients without a history of depression or suicidal ideation may suddenly contemplate the act when facing a terminal prognosis. This paper will argue that an allostatic overload can help explain how the spectrum of physical and psychological comorbidities associated with the onset of a terminal illness can influence a decision to hasten death. Data show that patients with a terminal disease wishing to hasten death typically exhibit lower rates of clinical depression, higher rates of demoralization, and a greater likelihood of rational suicide. These differences indicate that suicidal ideation in the terminal disease patient population is different. Changes in autonomous decision-making secondary to pathological alterations in the brain may offer an explanation. Such changes have been shown to dysregulate executive control functions, specifically intentionality and voluntariness. Clinical evidence also indicates that spirituality and hopefulness can help manage the allostatic load during the palliative stages of a disease so that patients can better process end-of-life decisions. Based on these data, this paper will further argue that jurisdictions offering euthanasia are morally compelled to make mental and spiritual counseling available to patients seeking this course of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"162-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychedelic Renaissance: A Catholic Perspective.","authors":"Thomas Carroll","doi":"10.1177/00243639241274818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639241274818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After being outlawed in 1970, psychedelics have reemerged in the consciousness of Western society in the form of the so-called <i>psychedelic renaissance</i>. This has led to widespread interest in psychedelic compounds being used for recreation, treatment of mental illness and addiction, and even the so-called \"enhancement\" of individuals and society. This renewed interest in psychedelics has resulted in seemingly endless publications in both the popular and the academic press, including authors from fields as diverse as philosophy, theology, pharmacology, neuroscience, and clinical medicine. A common thread in this developing literature is the claim that psychedelic compounds mediate their reported benefits by inducing the so-called psychedelic mystical experience (PME). The nature of PME is hotly debated, with some claiming that it is entirely psychological and others proposing that it involves contact with extramental reality. This raises a number of important questions for Catholics, especially whether PME should be considered properly \"mystical,\" how PME compares with traditionally understood Catholic mysticism, and whether, and if so under what conditions, psychedelics could be licitly used by the Catholic faithful. This paper is an attempt to begin the process of reconciling empiric scientific data regarding psychedelics generally, and PME specifically, with Catholic philosophical and theological considerations, with the goal of both providing recommendations regarding the licitness of the use of psychedelic compounds and inviting conversation about this important and challenging topic.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Over the past 20 years, there has been a renewed interest in of psychedelics. Many articles have been published extoling the benefits of psychedelics, including for the treatment of mental illness and addiction, recreation, and \"enhancement\" of individuals and society. A common claim is that the benefits of psychedelics are a result of the psychedelic mystical experience (PME). This paper considers both the use of psychedelics and PME from the perspective of Catholic theology, provides recommendations about their use for the Catholic faithful, and invites further conversation about this important and challenging topic.</p><p><strong>Short summary: </strong>This paper considers challenges posed by psychedelics, considers licitness of use, and calls for further discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"193-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speaking the Language.","authors":"Barbara Golder","doi":"10.1177/00243639251327431","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251327431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":"92 2","pages":"113-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Need to Talk: How Art-Inspired Discussions can Bridge Our Differences.","authors":"Margaret S Chisolm","doi":"10.1177/00243639251321869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251321869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":"92 2","pages":"221-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Connection Between the Normalization of Homosexuality and Erroneous Theories on Sex and Gender: A Challenge for Gender Critical Feminism.","authors":"William Newton","doi":"10.1177/00243639251334418","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00243639251334418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the strongest critics of gender identity theory (GIT) and queer theory (QT) are gender critical feminists (GCF) because of the potentially negative impact of these theories on women and the feminist movement. Yet, GCF are fully supportive of the notion of homosexuality as a normal and authentic expression of human sexuality. In this essay, I explore the logical connections that exist between the normalization of homosexuality and both GIT and QT, arguing that the acceptance of homosexuality as normal necessarily entails commitments that are at the very heart of these erroneous theories of sex and gender. In this way, there is fundamental incoherence in the opposition of GCF to GIT and QT. At the very heart of these theories is the denial of the significance of the way in which an individual is configured for human generation when it comes to personal identity. Homosexuality, likewise, fosters the notion that the generative configuration of an individual is insignificant because it is accorded no importance in guiding the truthful expression of sexuality precisely in that realm where generative configuration is the foundational reality. Developing this point, the essay shows how: (a) the acceptance of homosexuality as normal undermines the insistence by GCF of the primacy of sex over gender as the category on which the distinction of woman from man is founded; (b) the acceptance of homosexual inclination as normal undermines the possibility of claiming that transgenderism and those with gender identity disorder misperceive reality; and (c) how acceptance of homosexuality as an authentic alternative to heterosexuality involves logical commitments that validate the claim that a \"transwoman\" is equally a woman as any other.</p>","PeriodicalId":44238,"journal":{"name":"Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"234-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}