Geo-Geography and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Journal Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/geo2.88","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.88","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of monitoring, documentary and archival records for coastal shallow lake management","authors":"L. Roberts, C. Sayer, D. Hoare, M. Tomlinson, J. Holmes, D. Horne, Andrea Kelly","doi":"10.1002/GEO2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GEO2.83","url":null,"abstract":"The effective management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems rely on the establishment of “reference conditions,” defined as the conditions expected in theabsence of anthropogenic impacts, and require a thorough understanding of thenatural variability within a system. However, at least in Europe, most systematicsurveys post‐date the onset of human‐induced pressures on aquatic ecosystems,and thus fail to capture earlier degradation to water chemistry and flora and fauna,which were already advanced. Paleolimnological methods can be used to assess arange of anthropogenic stressors, but variability within a system is often smoothedto give long‐term patterns. Here, we compile monitoring, documentary, and archival records from a range of sources to extend our understanding of centennial‐scale lake ecosystem change and recovery from increasing salinity. We use a casestudy of the Thurne Broads shallow lake coastal wetland system (Broads NationalPark, UK), which has been subjected to multiple pressures of anthropogenic landdrainage and North Sea storm surges (primarily in 1938 and 1953 CE) that haveinfluenced salinity. Although there are still periods with significant data gaps andthe interactions with eutrophication remain unclear, we demonstrate that historicaldata sources can be used in combination to observe seasonal patterns and extendknowledge on past salinity change and macrophyte community structure back tothe 1800s. A demonstrable change in the ecosystem is observed after the sea floodof 1938 CE, when salinity levels in parts of the Thurne Broads were close, orequivalent, to seawater. With the added anthropogenic pressures of the late 1900s,the system has failed to fully recover. Future management, whilst balancing theneeds of multiple users, should focus on the current large seasonal fluctuations insalinity and the vulnerability of the system to future large salinity increases.","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/GEO2.83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51001266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filling the “data gap”: Using paleoecology to investigate the decline of\u0000 Najas flexilis\u0000 (a rare aquatic plant)","authors":"I. Bishop, H. Bennion, C. Sayer, Ian R. Patmore, Handong Yang","doi":"10.1002/GEO2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GEO2.81","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of long ‐ term monitoring records, paleoecology can be used to extend knowledge of species and community ecology into the past. The rare and declining aquatic plant Najas flexilis is a priority species for conservation across Europe, and is an ideal candidate for paleoecological study; not only are historical records of the plant sparse, but its seeds are commonly found and well preserved in lake sediment cores. In this study, we investigate the timing and causes of decline at two UK sites at which N. flexilis has recently become extinct: Esthwaite Water (England) and Loch of Craiglush (Scotland). For both sites, multiple paleoecological indicators and available historical biological records and monitoring data are compared to numbers of N. flexilis seeds enumerated in dated sediment cores representing the last 150 years. At Esthwaite Water, N. flexili s seeds were found in abundance in association with indicators of a clear, oligo ‐ mesotrophic, mildly alkaline lake. Eutrophication led to the disappearance of N. flexilis in the 1980s. By contrast, far fewer N. flexilis seeds were found in a core from Loch of Craiglush, and the current period of N. flexilis absence was found to be one of several over the last 100 years. Species represented in cores taken from Loch of Craiglush were indicative of slightly more acidic conditions than Esthwaite Water. Given that N. flexilis favours circumneutral to alkaline conditions, it is possible that Loch of Craiglush has not always been favourable for the plant. These findings have important implications for future conservation efforts, particularly at Esthwaite Water where they suggest that recent failed attempts to reintroduce the species may have been premature. More generally, this study demonstrates the value of paleoecological techniques as a means to provide the long ‐ term context that is often missing from conservation planning and management.","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/GEO2.81","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46836630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory mapping and food-centred justice in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Sohel Ahmed,&nbsp;Mordechai (Muki) Haklay,&nbsp;Cecilia Tacoli,&nbsp;Grace Githiri,&nbsp;Julio D. Dávila,&nbsp;Adriana Allen,&nbsp;Eric M. Fèvre","doi":"10.1002/geo2.77","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food vendors are pivotal in the local food system of most low-income informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, despite being seen as an obstruction and as agents of disease and filth by city authorities. This paper explores the geography of these foodscapes – defined as public sites of food production and consumption – in selected low-income settlements in Nairobi, focusing on the interaction of food vendors with their surrounding environment and infrastructure services. The research uses participatory geographic information system tools, including food mapping with mobile apps and high-resolution community aerial views with balloon mapping, to capture and contextualise local knowledge. The community mappers collected data on 660 vendors from 18 villages in Kibera, Mathare, and Mukuru, and situated them on multi-layered synoptic geographic overviews for each settlement. The resulting data on hazardous areas in relation to food spaces and infrastructure provision allowed local communities to prioritise areas for regular clean-up activities and assisted advocacy to improve these places in cooperation with local authorities. These multiple visual representations of foodscapes make local food vendors, and the risks they face, visible for the first time. Reframing their “right to safe food and environment” from a social and environmental justice perspective allows local communities to put their experiences, knowledge, and challenges faced at the forefront of urban development planning, policy, and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: “Peatland carbon stocks and burn history: Blanket bog peat core evidence highlights charcoal impacts on peat physical properties and long-term carbon storage,” by A. Heinemeyer, Q. Asena, W. L. Burn and A. L. Jones (Geo: Geography and Environment 2018; e00063)","authors":"Chris D. Evans,&nbsp;Andy J. Baird,&nbsp;Sophie M. Green,&nbsp;Susan E. Page,&nbsp;Michael Peacock,&nbsp;Mark S. Reed,&nbsp;Neil L. Rose,&nbsp;Rob Stoneman,&nbsp;Tim J. Thom,&nbsp;Dylan M. Young,&nbsp;Mark H. Garnett","doi":"10.1002/geo2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A recent paper by Heinemeyer et al. (2018) in this journal has suggested that the use of prescribed fire may enhance carbon accumulation in UK upland blanket bogs. We challenge this finding based on a number of concerns with the original manuscript including the lack of an unburned control, insufficient replication, unrecognised potential confounding factors, and potentially large inaccuracies in the core dating approach used to calculate carbon accumulation rates. We argue that burn-management of peatlands is more likely to lead to carbon loss than carbon gain.</p><p>e00075\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137704271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Comment on “Peatland carbon stocks and burn history: Blanket bog peat core evidence highlights charcoal impacts on peat physical properties and long-term carbon storage” by Evans et al. (Geo: Geography and Environment 2019; e00075)","authors":"Andreas Heinemeyer,&nbsp;William L. Burn,&nbsp;Quinn Asena,&nbsp;Anthony L. Jones,&nbsp;Mark A. Ashby","doi":"10.1002/geo2.78","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We would like to thank the authors Evans et al. (<span>2019</span>) for submitting a comment on our recent publication “Peatland carbon stocks and burn history: Blanket bog peat core evidence highlights charcoal impacts on peat physical properties and long-term carbon storage” (Heinemeyer et al., <span>2019</span>); we especially value their direct and open approach. We hope that our response clarifies our methods, findings and conclusions; we also provide further references and more detailed information around the limitations and remaining knowledge gaps.</p><p>We do understand that burning on peatlands is a highly controversial issue, not just in the UK (i.e., grouse moor management on deep peat/blanket bog) but also globally, particularly in the tropics (e.g., agricultural management on deforested and drained peatlands). We therefore would like to clarify up front that our findings are to be seen only in the context of rotational burning on UK upland blanket bogs – an interpretation within other fire contexts, specifically a tropical context, is not and never was felt appropriate by the authors. We previously clarified this limitation in our conclusions: “… estimates are based on low severity prescribed burns and the impacts of more severe arson or wildfire are likely to differ (i.e., when peat burning occurs).” However, within the UK context we feel this work adds considerable weight to the somewhat limited, but now growing body of evidence regarding prescribed heather burning impacts on blanket bog ecosystem services, specifically carbon storage. We would also like to clarify that our previous and additional criticism of Garnett et al. (<span>2000</span>) is exclusively based on the data presented. Indeed, as the only major study on prescribed burning impacts on soil carbon stocks at that time (as highlighted by Evans et al., <span>2014</span>), we feel that Garnett et al. (<span>2000</span>) should be subject to detailed scrutiny in order to determine gaps in our understanding and inform future research. While we appreciate that the comments made by Evans et al. (<span>2019</span>) are well intended, we remain confident in the robustness of our data and below we defend the methods and main results. For this, we provide further clarification and justification of our methods, together with providing some additional references and graphical information to support the interpretation of our findings and our overall conclusions.</p><p>Evans et al. stated that our findings “could be net beneficial for C sequestration” and that this is “contrary to most current understanding.” Firstly, we do not make such claims as we did not include an unburnt comparison; we clarified this previously in the conclusions of our published paper: “Finally, our results do not allow a comparison to an unburnt scenario and estimates are based on low severity prescribed burns …” Secondly, the Evans et al. statement “most current understanding” is not backed up by any r","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the differences between El Niño and La Niña years and planktonic larval duration on dispersal across the southeast Australian biogeographic barrier","authors":"Lucia A. Aguilar,&nbsp;Samuel A. Matthews,&nbsp;David J. Ayre,&nbsp;Todd E. Minchinton","doi":"10.1002/geo2.74","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.74","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phylogeographic and genetic studies have revealed complex variation in connectivity across the Southeast Australian Biogeographic Barrier (SEABB) for intertidal rocky-shore invertebrates. The objective of this study was to use Connie2 to test whether differences between El Niño and La Niña years alter the probability of larvae crossing the SEABB. The SEABB occurs on the SE corner of Australia and is the convergence site of two major ocean currents (Zeehan and East Australian Currents) as well as an historical land bridge connecting Tasmania to the mainland. It includes extensive sandy shore lacking suitable substrate for rocky-shore specialists. Study locations included coastal sites from New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania categorised into four regions (Barrier, Eastern, Western, and Southern). Connie2, an interactive hydrodynamic modelling tool available online, was used to evaluate connectivity via larval dispersal by comparing the effect of planktonic larval duration (PLD) from five to 120 days, season of spawning, and ENSO variability (comparing La Niña and El Niño years) on the cumulative probability of dispersal between and among populations (regions) arrayed either side of the SEABB. For all years, strong connections were detected among sites within regions, even for low to moderate (less than 20% predicted dispersal) PLDs and irrespective of season. Connectivity across SEABB (between regions) was also strongly influenced by all variables but occurred only at PLD of at least 30 days for summer spawning. Connectivity across the SEABB was strongest from west to east and south to east during La Niña events. Our findings support the importance of SEABB as a barrier to dispersal. Migration across SEABB is predicted only for summer spawners (PLD ≥30 days). Predicted dispersal is only weakly influenced by El Niño and La Niña extremes, but connectivity may be altered by projected changes to the relative strengths of the Zeehan and East Australian Currents.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46046685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping microbial stories: Creative microbial aesthetic and cross-disciplinary intervention in understanding nurses’ infection prevention practices","authors":"Emma Roe,&nbsp;Charlotte Veal,&nbsp;Paul Hurley","doi":"10.1002/geo2.76","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.76","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consistent implementation of hand-washing within the hospital environment remains a challenge in infection prevention (IP) procedures. IP is one of a number of measures to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A cross-disciplinary team was assembled to experiment with different ways of visualising the microbial. The paper details a comparative experimental design where nurses (<i>n </i>=<i> </i>2) performed a series of routine care procedures in a mock-ward setting where traces of coloured ultra-violet glow-powders had been purposely placed, first with routine hand-washing and second without routine hand-washing. The results presented as a series of photos, video-clips, ethnographic observations and nurse interviews explore nurse–microbial relations and the potential for affective and embodied encounters with microbial worlds to generate new insight in IP. We argue for creating unfamiliar aesthetics that engage the sensate as an intervention in established IP education. The aesthetic rendered invisible microbes visible through techno-artistic practice. The performance term “devising” was used to analyse the cross-disciplinary methodological process. Finally, we consider the potential for nurses to act as microbial citizens as they extend their care for the human to entail the need to care for the microbial, perhaps not to kill but to relocate the risky pathogen, as part of a commitment to multispecies living in a world with AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diatom community responses to long-term multiple stressors at Lake Gusinoye, Siberia","authors":"Jennifer K. Adams,&nbsp;Yumei Peng,&nbsp;Neil L. Rose,&nbsp;Alexander A. Shchetnikov,&nbsp;Anson W. Mackay","doi":"10.1002/geo2.72","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global freshwater systems are threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors via impacts on ecological structure and function necessary to maintain their health. In order to properly manage freshwater ecosystems, we must have a better understanding of the ecological response to human-induced stressors, especially in multiple stressor environments. When long-term observational records are scarce or non-existent, paleolimnology provides a means to understanding ecological response to long-term stress. Lake Gusinoye is a large, deep lake in continental southeast Siberia, and has been subject to multiple human-induced stressors since the 19th century. Diatom assemblages since the late 17th century were reconstructed from a Lake Gusinoye sediment core to increase our understanding of the response of primary producer communities to centuries of environmental change. Records of anthropogenic contamination of Lake Gusinoye (as indicated by spheroidal carbonaceous particle, trace metal, and element records) indicate increases in regional and local development c. 1920. Diatom assemblages were initially dominated by <i>Aulacoseira granulata</i>, which declined beginning in the 18th century, likely as a response to hydrological change in the Gusinoye basin due to regional climate warming following the termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA). Significant diatom compositional turnover was observed since the 19th century at Lake Gusinoye. Since the early 20th century, Lake Gusinoye diatom assemblages have changed more profoundly as a result of multiple anthropogenic stressors, including nutrient influx, aquaculture, and wastewater discharge from the Gusinoozersk State Regional Power Plant. Recent diatom assemblages are dominated by <i>Lindavia ocellata</i> and nutrient-rich species, including <i>Fragilaria crotonensis</i> and <i>Asterionella formosa</i>. Evidence of continued nutrient enrichment at Lake Gusinoye is likely due to aquaculture in the lake, and suggests potential interactive effects of warming regional temperatures and increasing nutrients (eutrophication).</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.72","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45001466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendered and generational tensions in increased land commercialisation: Rural livelihood diversification, changing land use, and food security in Ghana's Brong-Ahafo region","authors":"Simon Mariwah,&nbsp;Ruth Evans,&nbsp;Kwabena Barima Antwi","doi":"10.1002/geo2.73","DOIUrl":"10.1002/geo2.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many smallholder farmers in Jaman North District, Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana are shifting from food crop production to increased cultivation of cashew, an export cash crop. This paper examines gendered and generational tensions in increased commercialisation of land, livelihood diversification, and household food security in the context of globalisation and environmental change. Using qualitative, participatory research with 60 middle-generation men and women, young people and key stakeholders, the research found that community members valued the additional income stream. Young people and women, however, were apprehensive about the long-term consequences for food security of allocating so much land to cashew plantations. Young, middle, and older generations were concerned about their weak bargaining position in negotiating fair prices with export companies and intermediaries. Greater integration into the global economy exposed rural actors to multiple risks and inequalities, such as the uneven effects of economic globalisation, rises in food prices, hunger and food insecurity, growing competition for land, youth outmigration and climate change. The shift towards cashew cultivation appears to be exacerbating gender and generational inequalities in access to land and food insecurity and leading to exploitation within the global agri-food supply chain among already vulnerable rural communities in the global South. With stronger farmer associations and cooperatives, however, cashew farmers stand the chance of benefitting from greater integration into the global economy, through strengthened bargaining positions. Greater understanding is needed about the complex interactions between sustainable food systems, changing land use and gender and generational inequalities in rural spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":44089,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Geography and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/geo2.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44835272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}