Science of Gymnastics Journal最新文献

{"title":"WILL ELEVATING THE DIFFICULTY SCORES IMPROVE THE ODDS OF WINNING? THE CASE OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS EVENT FINALS","authors":"Chih-Yu Chen, Kuang-Hui Chen, Kang-Hao Lu, Hsiu-Ching Chang","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.2.157-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.2.157-171","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare the difficulty (D) scores and final scores between the qualification round and event finals round for each apparatus in 2018–2020 Individual Apparatus World Cup Series and 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. It was also to examine the association between strategy of D scores and winning a medal or not. Both male and female gymnasts who participated the event finals in 2018–2020 Apparatus World Cup Series and 2019 World Championships were the subject of present investigation. The dependent t test was used to analyze the difficulty scores and final scores. The Chi-square test was selected to test the numbers of distribution of increasing/non-increasing of difficulty scores and wining/losing a medal, and the odds ratio was also calculated. It shows that in all apparatus, there were meaningful difference in D scores between the qualification round and event finals round for both male and female gymnasts. The final scores of event finals round were significantly decreased as compared with the qualification round in men’s pommel horse, horizontal bar and women’s balance beam, floor exercise events. To elevate D scores in the event finals round of men’s pommel horse, horizontal bar and women’s floor exercise could significantly improve the odds for getting a medal. To our knowledge, this was the first study to compare the gymnast’s performance between the qualification and event finals. And we also determine the different D scores and the odds ratio of winning a medal in the event finals. When studying men’s pommel horse, horizontal bar and women’s balance beam, floor exercise events, it was prone to underestimate the scores if only the result of event finals was analyzed but without the qualification. Elevating D scores was not always guaranteed to increase the chance of winning. Coaches and gymnasts could refer to the current study to draw up the strategies for different competitions.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICACY OF BALANCE TRAINING TO IMPROVE BALANCE OF YOUNG FEMALE GYMNASTS","authors":"M. Lockard, T. Gable","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.87-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.87-96","url":null,"abstract":"Gymnastics is a popular sport that has potential strength, flexibility, and personal growth benefits for athletes. Both static and dynamic balance are developed from a young age and are fundamental to higher-level gymnastics. PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of a balance training protocol in improving the dynamic balance of young female gymnasts. METHOD: 19 female Junior Olympic (JO) Level 3 gymnasts, ages 6-11, were randomly assigned to the Balance Training (BT) or control groups. The BT group completed a variety of balance exercises during each practice (2x/wk for eight weeks), including one-footed balance, hopping skills, and leaps onto surfaces of varying stability. Gymnasts in the control group continued with their normal gymnastics practices.  Gymnasts were tested before training, after week 4, and after week 8 to assess improvements in the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Center of Pressure Path length (COP Path length), and Joint Position Sense (JPS) scores. RESULTS: An improvement in SEBT for the gymnasts’ dominant foot reaching anteriorly (p=0.03) was observed. Otherwise, there were no significant differences between improvements in scores for the control group and the experimental group. CONCLUSION: JO Level 3 gymnasts, who are early in their training and development, demonstrated no additional benefit from twice weekly balance training beyond normally prescribed practice and skills training.  While anecdotal evidence suggested a possible acute effect on balance performance immediately following balance exercises, further research is needed.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45751716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SITUATION IN ACROBATIC GYMNASTICS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS","authors":"Isaura Leite, Pedro Fonseca, Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho, J. Vilas-Boas, M. Goethel, L. Mochizuki, F. Conceição","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.47-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.47-63","url":null,"abstract":"Since acrobatic gymnastics is a recent, only a few decades old  gymnastics discipline, it is not yet much explored as a scientific research field. Despite its increasing popularity, and while science mapping has become an essential activity for all scientific disciplines, no bibliometric analysis on this topic was available. Therefore, this study aims to provide a static picture of the scientific research development in acrobatic gymnastics by collecting information about the main contributors as well as the main investigation topics, the publication dynamics and cooperative networks. A search conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases retrieved 37 journal articles between 2001-2021. Results suggest that the year of 2015 was a milestone for scientific research in acrobatic gymnastics since it marked the beginning of the dominance of authors from Spain, followed by Poland and Portugal. Countries are generally focused on their own territory and there is a limited scientific collaboration between different nations. The Spanish and the Polish research institutions are leading publishing in this sport. As a reference for future studies, our results suggest that although balance was identified as the niche investigation topic, there has been a lack of interest for the pyramids balance, which is a major feature of acrobatic gymnastics.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42460107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF GYMNASTICS IN CROATIA UP TO 1903","authors":"Željko Iveljić, Dan Lanc, Kamenka Živčić, Lucija Milčić","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.5-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.5-25","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript aimed to show the development of gymnastics in Croatia up until 1903. This article provided a chronological description of the growth of gymnastics in Croatia from 1859 to 1903. In Osijek, Croatia's first gymnastics society was founded in 1865. Gymnastics were introduced into schools in the middle of the 19th century as a result of increased interest in physical education based on by the stronger development of civil society. 1874. was founded Croatian Sokol in Zagreb and gymnastics also became a part of a high school program. In Croatia, numerous gymnastics societies started to be established, including the Varaždin Sokol Gymnastic Society in 1878 and the Zadar Gymnastic Society in 1876. In Dalmatia, central Croatia, and Slavonia, new gymnastics societies have been founded. For example, the Croatian Sokol was founded in Bjelovar in 1884 and Makarska in 1894. Additionally, the gymnastics society took part in open workouts in Prague and Pariz. Women's gymnastics started on in 1891 in Croatian Sokol in Zagreb where exercises were conducted in three divisions, including simple exercises and those on the apparatus.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIME COURSE OF CHANGES IN STRADDLE JUMP AND VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AFTER ACUTE STATIC STRETCHING IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTS","authors":"Damla Ercan Köse, Tolga Akşit, Osman Açıkgöz, Gamze Ceyhan","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.75-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.75-85","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to examine the time course of changes of the effects of static stretching on straddle jump, vertical jump height and flexibility after performing dynamic movements in artistic gymnasts. The study was participated by 14 female artistic gymnasts aged between 9 and 14. Vertical jump heights were measured using the New Test 2000 testing device. Flexibility measurement was performed with sit and reach flexibility test. Artistic gymnastics-specific jump movement was evaluated looking at the angle between lower extremities using the Dartfish motion analysis program. Baseline measurements taken before the standard warm-up and the measurements taken after static stretching were assessed. Four sets of gymnastics moves each lasting two minutes were performed. The tests were repeated after each set. Static stretching was found to affect vertical jump performance significantly. Significant differences were found between Jump2 and Jump1 (p=0.01), Jump2 and Jump3 (p=0.03), Jump2 and Jump4 (p=0.01), Jump2 and Jumop5 (p=0.004), and Jump2 and Jump6 (p=0.009). In flexibility-related changes, significant differences were found between Reach2 and Reach3 (p=0.03), and Reach2 and Reach6 (p=0.006). Static stretching was found to have no significant effect on the lower extremity straddle jump degree. In conclusion, although the static stretching protocol reduced vertical jump performance significantly, it did not affect the artistic gymnastics-specific jump move. The negative effects of static stretching on jump height approached the baseline value approximately 4 minutes later.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49594291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHORT HISTORICAL NOTES XXVI","authors":"Anton Gajdoš","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.144-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.144-146","url":null,"abstract":"SHORT HISTORICAL NOTES XXVI","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136146728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF HAND-FOOT/LEG PREFERENCES AND LATERALITY IN MOVEMENT DIFFICULTIES OF INDIVIDUAL ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS","authors":"Ece Aydin, Pelin Go¨nkek, Eylül Kilinçkay, Cemre Gökçin Akken, Kadriye Bayer, Emine Kutlay","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.97-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.97-108","url":null,"abstract":"movement difficulties used by individual elite senior rhythmic gymnasts in their routines. In the World Cup Competitions and European Championships held in 2021, the final competition routines (N=75) of gymnasts (N=28) were examined, and body and apparatus difficulties, and the number and rate of use of the preferred side were determined. Since gymnasts participated in more than one competition, their most recent competition routines were included in the research. The data were obtained by analyzing the routines recorded during the competitions. Explanatory statistical analyses of the data were conducted by using the IBM SPSS 25.0 statistical program. In all routines, while higher rates of between 56.2% and 87% were found in the right hand when compared to the left hand in throwing and catching, higher rates were found in the hoop and ribbon apparatus in throwing with the left foot when compared to the right foot. In the right foot/leg catches, the highest rates were observed in the hoop apparatus (49.6%). Left foot usage preferences were observed at rates varying between 65.1% and 97.4% in jumps/leaps difficulties and between 58% and 71% in balance difficulties. In rotation difficulties, the use of the right foot had higher rates of between 72.6% and 80% when compared to the left foot. Gymnasts showed a tendency to use the right hand predominantly in throws and catches, the left foot in jumps/leaps and balances, and the right foot in rotations.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43781195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE WORLD GYMNAESTRADA: RECOGNIZING “FOR ALL”","authors":"T. Patricio, M. Carbinatto","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.109-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.109-119","url":null,"abstract":"Participation in events is about experiences. These experiences are unique to individuals. From phenomenology, as we live the world, we get to know things and others. This process constructs our identity and expands our being-in-the-world. This article aims to reflect on the lived experiences of 16 participants of a Gymnastics for All (GfA) team at the XVI World Gymnaestrada (WG) event. Observations and in-depth interviews were used, on which phenomenological analysis was performed. The validity and trustworthiness were guaranteed by having a critical friend, member review and data triangulation. The results showed that even when having previous information about the event, the gymnasts and staff did not have the real dimension of WG. This recognition came by being there. They pointed out that it was not just about the high number of people - it was about different people coming together; it was not about a specific discipline of gymnastics but rather all disciplines together; not about the traditional gymnastics apparatus but rather gymnastics using diverse artifacts. For them, the plurality of GfA came alive in the movements, performances, themes, and profiles of the gymnasts. It made them believe they were gymnast. In addition, reflections on a sporting event with no competition and the professional development were recorded. Managing, studying, and researching GfA is important. However, promoting lived experiences in gymnastics events should also be valued as an effective learning space, enchantment, and promotion of GfA.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUMPING-MOTION AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING SOMERSAULT IN TRAMPOLINE: A CASE STUDY","authors":"Masaharu Matsushima","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.64-74","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship between jumping-motion and muscle activity during somersaults on a trampoline. Participants were 10 trampoline athletes (3 high-level and 7 middle-level). As for the protocol, the athletes performed a jump continuation of the jumping tucked backward somersault (Back) and the tucked forward somersault with half twist (Barani) on a trampoline. It was measured using an electromyogram (EMG) and video analysis. The jump was defined as “100 ms before touch” 100 ms before the subject landing on the trampoline bed and “Touch” at the moment of landing and “Lowest” at the moment of going down most and “Take off” at the moment of taking off. They were defined as “Before touch phase” from “100 ms before touch” to “Touch”, as “Down phase” from “Touch” to “Lowest”, and as “Upward phase” from “Lowest” to “Take off”. As a result, the trunk inclination angles of both the high- and middle-levels regarding the Back (middle-level 4.3±1.3°, high-level 7.0±2.4°) and the Barani (middle-level 9.2±1.7°, high-level 9.4±1.7°) during the Lowest phase were forward. There were no significant differences. The EMG amplitude of the rectus abdominis (p < 0.05) during the Upward phase and the erector spinae (p < 0.01) during the Before touch phase were significantly higher at the high-level. The trunk was inclined by using the erector spinae such as the high-level between Before 100ms touch and Lowest. Stabilization of the trunk by the activity of the rectus abdominis was the efficient movement of the lower extremity during the Upward phase.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A FOUR-YEAR CYCLE COMPARISON OF THE NUTRITIONAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STATUS OF AN ELITE-LEVEL FEMALE ARTISTIC GYMNAST: CASE STUDY REPORT FROM SLOVENIA","authors":"Boštjan Jakše, Barbara Jakše","doi":"10.52165/sgj.15.1.27-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.27-46","url":null,"abstract":"Regular monitoring of body composition, nutrition, health, and motor skills are crucial for further training process planning and performance progress. With the same protocol and methods, we evaluated a four-year change (2018 vs. 2022) in the nutritional and cardiovascular health status of the currently most successful elite-level adult female artistic gymnast in Slovenia. Detailed body composition and dietary intake were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and a standardized food questionnaire FFQ. The blood lipids and safety factors, blood pressure, and serum micronutrients (e.g., B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron) status were measured. The four-year comparison showed an improved body composition status: decreased body fat mass/percentage, android fat percentage, and android/gynoid ratio, while other anthropometrical and body composition parameters remained essentially unchanged. We also measured an improvement of some and worsening of other cardiovascular health serum variables (i.e., decreased total cholesterol but increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and S-glucose), most likely due to the differences in assessed dietary intake (i.e., lower total fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake but higher cholesterol intake and still high free sugar and saturated fat intake, despite higher fiber). Notably, nutrient intakes that are generally of concern (fiber (borderline low intake), eicosapentaenoic omega-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12 and D, calcium (borderline low intake), iron, and zinc) were within recommended ranges. However, the athlete’s vitamin E and potassium intakes were not adequate. Furthermore, in 2018, the athlete did not consume dietary supplements, while she now regularly uses several dietary supplements, including enriched plant-based protein powder, isolated vitamin B12, C, D, and iron. Moreover, the athlete had significantly lower than recommended serum levels of 25(OH)D, probably due to insufficient regular intake of vitamin D in the form of a dietary supplement (1000 IU/d). Moreover, from the micronutrient serum, phosphorus, and iron levels that deviated from the reference values in the 2018 study, in the current study, they were found to be within referenced ranges (i.e., iron status was markedly improved). This kind of screening toolbox, using valid, sensitive, and affordable methods and with rapid organizational implementation, may be a viable format for regular monitoring.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}