一名优秀女子艺术体操运动员营养和心血管健康状况的四年周期比较

IF 0.6 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES
Boštjan Jakše, Barbara Jakše
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引用次数: 0

摘要

定期监测身体成分、营养、健康和运动技能对进一步的训练过程计划和表现进步至关重要。采用相同的方案和方法,我们评估了斯洛文尼亚目前最成功的精英级成年女子艺术体操运动员的营养和心血管健康状况的四年变化(2018年与2022年)。使用双能x线吸收仪和标准化食物问卷FFQ评估详细的身体成分和膳食摄入量。测量血脂和安全系数、血压、血清微量营养素(如B12、25-羟基维生素D (25(OH)D)、钾、钙、磷、镁和铁)状态。四年的比较表明,身体组成状况有所改善:体脂质量/百分比、android脂肪百分比和android/gynoid比率下降,而其他人体测量和身体组成参数基本保持不变。我们还测量了一些心血管健康血清变量的改善和其他心血管健康血清变量的恶化(即,总胆固醇降低,但低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和s -葡萄糖增加),很可能是由于评估饮食摄入量的差异(即,总脂肪、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量降低,但胆固醇摄入量升高,游离糖和饱和脂肪摄入量仍然很高,尽管纤维含量较高)。值得注意的是,人们普遍关注的营养素摄入量(纤维(低摄入量边缘)、二十碳五烯-3脂肪酸和二十二碳六烯-3脂肪酸、维生素B12和D、钙(低摄入量边缘)、铁和锌)都在推荐范围内。然而,这名运动员的维生素E和钾摄入量不足。此外,2018年,这位运动员没有服用膳食补充剂,而她现在经常使用几种膳食补充剂,包括富含植物性蛋白粉、分离的维生素B12、C、D和铁。此外,该运动员的血清25(OH)D水平明显低于推荐水平,这可能是由于没有以膳食补充剂的形式定期摄入维生素D (1000 IU/ D)。此外,从2018年研究中偏离参考值的微量营养素血清、磷和铁水平来看,在本研究中,它们都在参考范围内(即铁状态明显改善)。这种筛选工具箱,使用有效、敏感和负担得起的方法,并迅速组织实施,可能是一种可行的定期监测形式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A FOUR-YEAR CYCLE COMPARISON OF THE NUTRITIONAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STATUS OF AN ELITE-LEVEL FEMALE ARTISTIC GYMNAST: CASE STUDY REPORT FROM SLOVENIA
Regular monitoring of body composition, nutrition, health, and motor skills are crucial for further training process planning and performance progress. With the same protocol and methods, we evaluated a four-year change (2018 vs. 2022) in the nutritional and cardiovascular health status of the currently most successful elite-level adult female artistic gymnast in Slovenia. Detailed body composition and dietary intake were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and a standardized food questionnaire FFQ. The blood lipids and safety factors, blood pressure, and serum micronutrients (e.g., B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron) status were measured. The four-year comparison showed an improved body composition status: decreased body fat mass/percentage, android fat percentage, and android/gynoid ratio, while other anthropometrical and body composition parameters remained essentially unchanged. We also measured an improvement of some and worsening of other cardiovascular health serum variables (i.e., decreased total cholesterol but increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and S-glucose), most likely due to the differences in assessed dietary intake (i.e., lower total fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake but higher cholesterol intake and still high free sugar and saturated fat intake, despite higher fiber). Notably, nutrient intakes that are generally of concern (fiber (borderline low intake), eicosapentaenoic omega-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12 and D, calcium (borderline low intake), iron, and zinc) were within recommended ranges. However, the athlete’s vitamin E and potassium intakes were not adequate. Furthermore, in 2018, the athlete did not consume dietary supplements, while she now regularly uses several dietary supplements, including enriched plant-based protein powder, isolated vitamin B12, C, D, and iron. Moreover, the athlete had significantly lower than recommended serum levels of 25(OH)D, probably due to insufficient regular intake of vitamin D in the form of a dietary supplement (1000 IU/d). Moreover, from the micronutrient serum, phosphorus, and iron levels that deviated from the reference values in the 2018 study, in the current study, they were found to be within referenced ranges (i.e., iron status was markedly improved). This kind of screening toolbox, using valid, sensitive, and affordable methods and with rapid organizational implementation, may be a viable format for regular monitoring.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
33.30%
发文量
48
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