Anuario de Psicologia最新文献

{"title":"Variables related to reduced user satisfaction in the emergency unit.","authors":"David Pina, Aurelio Luna Ruiz Cabello, Antonio Pagán Peñalver, Esteban Puente López, P. Llor Zaragoza, A. Luna Maldonado","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.30918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.30918","url":null,"abstract":"The information received by patients about the severity of their condition, the type of tests to be performed, or the average waiting time in the service are factors that influence their degree of satisfaction and, therefore, their possible anger and/or aggressiveness. Users' discomfort can sometimes lead to violence towards health workers, and this, in turn, can lead to the commonly associated physical and psychological consequences. Our main objective is to explore the relationship between the waiting time, patients' perceived satisfaction with the service, as well as the other variables under study. We used a cross-sectional design was used to evaluate 320 hospital patients in the Region of Murcia (Spain). Our indicate that receiving information about their process, waiting time until the doctor's consultation, the degree of satisfaction with the professional, and the resolution of the doubts are predictors of the degree of overall patient satisfaction with the clinical experience.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life predictors in European aging population: A multigroup model","authors":"Sylvia Georgieva, Á. Carbonell, S. Martínez-Gregorio, Salvador Alberola, Amparo Oliver","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.33180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.33180","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to analyze several predictors of quality of life in aging people in different European regions. This is a cross-sectional study with the sixth wave of the SHARE project (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Several sociodemographic and economic indicators were utilized, as well as the CASP-12 (QoL), EURO-D (depressive symptoms) and SPHEU (self-perceived health). Analysis were performed by structural equation modelling techniques. Ten multigroup models were estimated. Results showed significative difference in the predictive capacity in all variables except for chronic diseases. The best predictor of quality of life in all European regions was absence of depression, followed by income, and self-perceived health. No significative differences among the predictive capacity of the number of chronic diseases was found among the assessed groups, although, perceiving ones’ health as good and being able to make ends meet were heavy predictors of quality of life.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, severity and preadoption child factors in Spanish adopted adolescents' behavior problems.","authors":"Ana Berástegui Pedro-viejo, Ana Rosser-Limiñana","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.34179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.34179","url":null,"abstract":"Research comparing samples of adoptees and non-adoptees at all ages frequently observes a greater psychological vulnerability in the adopted group, manifested as a higher rate of behavioral problems. Problems become more evident or severe during adolescence. Despite the relevance of Spain in the international adoption landscape in previous decades, studies with Spanish samples are limited. This paper contributes to fill this gap by describing the incidence and severity of behavioral problems, reported by parents, in a sample of Spanish adolescent adoptees and analyzing the role of child preadoptive factors. Parental CBCL reports of 64 Spanish adopted adolescents were compared with normative scores in Spain. The results showed no differences between adopted adolescents and normative scores in total and broadband scales. However, a significant group of adolescents show clinical scores that require attention of social and mental health services. Boys show higher externalizing and total scores. Differences in age at adoption groups were found in social, aggression and externalizing problems, showing a nonlinear pattern were adolescents adopted in their preschool years show more problems those adopted after and before that age. Adolescents coming from Asia showed lower problems than other groups in several scales whereas those adopted from Eastern Europe showed more social problems than the other groups. Relevance for psychosocial intervention and limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48898077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidencia empírica del DISC en futuros líderes iberoamericanos: una aportación de William Moulton Marston a la función directiva","authors":"P. Gómez, J. D. Barquero, José Vicente Pestana","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.30855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/3.30855","url":null,"abstract":"Al analizar la función directiva característica de líderes mediante el test DISC —derivado del trabajo pionero de W. M. Marston—, se describen cuatro perfiles basados en los ejes Introversión-Extroversión y Racional-Emocional: Dominante, Influyente, Estable y Cumplidor). Al ser un test tan ampliamente utilizado como escasas sus contribuciones empíricas, se llevó a cabo una investigación no experimental del tipo asociativa y transversal de la estructura predominante de los perfiles DISC (primario y de apoyo), atendiendo a las diferencias según el sexo y el país. Conformaron la muestra intencional estudiada 198 asistentes a una formación universitaria para personal directivo, ejecutivo de línea y de alta dirección (142 hombres y 56 mujeres, con edades entre 25 y 50 años —M = 36,98; DT = 7,14), quienes cumplimentaron la variante del DISC conocida como APP Thomas. Los resultados obtenidos, consistentes en su mayor parte con hallazgos precedentes en otros contextos vinculados al liderazgo, destacan el estilo Influyente como predominante, que en el 48,1% de los casos se apoya en el perfil Dominante (χ2 = 141,98; p < ,000); se observa, además, un perfil Cumplidor en las mujeres que, en el 87,5% de los casos, se apoya en el perfil Estable (χ2 = 72,42; p < ,000). Estos datos evidencian la vigencia y utilidad del DISC al analizar los estilos de liderazgo, mostrando la estructura básica de los estilos Influyente y Dominante (al considerar los factores de apoyo) en la función directiva, inherente al liderazgo organizacional.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49578429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valoración de las marcas en situaciones de ansiedad: el rol del locus de control y de las emociones","authors":"J. Pina","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30977","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se analiza cómo los estados transitorios de ansiedad pueden tener un impacto en el valor que los individuos atribuyen a las marcas en los procesos de compra, teniendo en cuenta tanto el impacto de las emociones como el locus de control. Los resultados de un experimento con 158 estudiantes revelan que las situaciones de ansiedad acompañadas de un locus de control externo, conllevan una reacción afectiva negativa que los individuos tratan de compensar buscando marcas que potencien su lado relacional. También se observa que si la ansiedad es consecuencia de un estímulo positivo donde el locus de control es interno, el individuo siente una menor necesidad de expresión a través del consumo de marcas. Por el contrario, el valor de la marca como elemento de distinción y confianza permaneció invariable frente a los estados anímicos de los individuos.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42779992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring food and physical activities between grandparents and their grandchildren. Explorando comidas y actividades físicas entre abuelos y sus nietos.","authors":"Pedro Javier Castañeda-García, Aryana Luis-Díaz, Jandir González-Rodríguez, Josué Gutiérrez-Barroso","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30536","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Given the growing influence of grandparents on their grandchildren’s upbringing, this study analyzes two key health variables shared by these two generations: diet and physical activity. Interviews were conducted with 114 Spanish grandparents with no physical or cognitive limitations. Questions covered sociodemographic characteristics, the types of foods they serve their grandchildren, and the physical activities that they share with them. The foods were categorized by glycemic index according to whether they were more or less likely to favor overweight and obesity, and the physical activities were categorized as dynamic/sedentary and outdoor/indoor. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test for independent samples and ANOVAS. The results showed that some of the grandparents’ sociodemographic variables—age, educational level, health status, time spent with grandchildren, and distance from their grandchildren—were significantly correlated with the types of foods served and physical activities shared. Grandchildren’s food consumption and level of physical activity can be directly influenced by their grandparents. Family interventions should take into account the fact that certain sociodemographic variables in grandparents may favor either more or less healthy dietary habits and physical behavior. Resumen. Ante la creciente influencia de los abuelos en la crianza de los nietos, en este trabajo se analiza dos variables de salud claves compartidas entre ellos: la alimentación y la actividad física. Se entrevistó a 114 abuelos españoles, sin limitaciones físicas ni cognitivas, y se les preguntó por sus características sociodemográficas, las comidas que proporcionan a sus nietos y las actividades físicas compartidas. Los alimentos correspondían a índices glucémicos que favorecen más el sobrepeso y la obesidad, y lo contrario; y las actividades físicas dinámicas y sedentarias, de exterior e interior. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y con ANOVAS. Los resultados mostraron que algunas variables sociodemográficas de los abuelos como la edad, el nivel educativo, la salud, las horas juntos y la distancia con sus nietos están relacionadas significativamente tanto con los tipos de comida como la actividad física que comparten. Como conclusión, la comida y las actividades físicas de los nietos pueden estar influidas directamente por sus abuelos. Cualquier intervención familiar debería tener en cuenta que ciertas características sociodemográficas de los abuelos podrían favorecer tanto unos tipos de conducta alimentaria y física más saludables, como todo lo contrario.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construcción y análisis factorial de una Escala para medir el Disfrute Experimentado en Adultos (EDEA) en población de Michoacán (México)","authors":"Ferrán Padrós Blázquez, María Patricia Martínez Medina","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.31122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.31122","url":null,"abstract":"En la actualidad no existe ninguna escala para evaluar el disfrute que experimentan las personas adultas. Por ello, se ha elaborado una escala para medir el disfrute experimentado en adultos (EDEA), y se han estudiado algunas de sus propiedades psicométricas. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones, en la primera (estudio piloto) participaron 273 adultos, se aplicó la escala de 7 reactivos, se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y se depuró. Se concluyó que la escala era unifactorial y la consistencia interna era adecuada. En la segunda aplicación, participaron 629 personas adultas con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 79 años, que respondieron a la EDEA (con 6 ítems, versión final). A través de un Análisis Factorial confirmatorio se corroboró que la estructura interna unifactorial. Respecto a la consistencia interna, el valor del alfa de Cronbach de la escala resultó de .856, adecuada tomando en consideración que solo tiene 6 ítems, los cuales mostraron excelentes propiedades psicométricas. Se concluye que se dispone de una escala para medir el disfrute experimentado en adultos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para población de Michoacán (México).","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tratamiento de un caso de fobia a las arañas mediante exposición multimedia y progresiva","authors":"Antonio Ruiz García","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30971","url":null,"abstract":"Susan de 25 años fue diagnosticada de fobia específica de tipo animal (DSM-5) a las arañas. Se realizó un diseño de caso único A-B con evaluación continua en varias líneas-base durante el tratamiento; y, evaluación pre-post y dos seguimientos. Se utilizaron cuestionarios sobre ansiedad FSS-122, STAI-E/R, FSQ y WS-SPQ; medidas de ansiedad subjetiva y tasa cardíaca ante cada estímulo durante todas las sesiones. El tratamiento constó de 9 sesiones de exposición multimedia: fotografías, vídeos, arañas simuladas y arañas reales. Los objetivos fueron reducción de escape/evitación, y reducción de la ansiedad en situaciones con arañas. Los resultados tras el tratamiento mostraron grandes cambios en la evaluación pre-post donde disminuyeron las puntuaciones en los cuestionarios de ansiedad y valoración continua en las distintas líneas-base. Susan cogía sin problemas arañas pequeñas, incluso tuvo en sus manos una tarántula viva. En los dos seguimientos (8 meses y 2 años) se mantuvieron esos beneficios.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49263019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comportamiento Visual y Engaño: Una revisión sistematizada","authors":"Juan Camilo Carvajal Builes","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.30221","url":null,"abstract":"El engaño es un comportamiento presente en todas las sociedades y seres humanos, ya que tiene un propósito adaptativo, sin embargo, en contextos legales, su discriminación efectiva es necesaria debido al impacto que puede generar en las decisiones judiciales. Existen diferentes instrumentos psicofisiológicos para la detección del engaño, entre los cuales se encuentra el eye tracker. Este instrumento ha mostrado tasas de discriminación superiores al 90% que lo convierten en una alternativa tentadora para su aplicación en entornos forenses. Esta revisión sistematizada recuperó y analizó documentos empíricos publicados entre 2007 y 2018 sobre el uso del eye tracker para discriminar en el engaño. Los resultados muestran que estas investigaciones se centran en identificar el reconocimiento de estímulos más no en procedimientos que estén dirigidos a la detección del engaño, además de enfatizar la evaluación de testigos sospechosos. Este escenario genera la necesidad de procedimientos validados que incluyen la evaluación del engaño y la identificación de estímulos teniendo en cuenta las diferencias psicológicas entre los diferentes tipos de testigos en un proceso legal.","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying dimensions in attitude towards technology in a sample of Spanish, German and Indian women","authors":"Montse Vall-llovera, Cinthya Camila Merma-Linares, Joel Feliu, Adriana Gil-Juárez","doi":"10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.29935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2021.51/2.29935","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the underrepresentation of women in the field of technology, their progressive disappearance from scientific and technological careers, as well as the disaffection towards technology by women continues to prevail despite, the efforts that are being made. This article is an analysis of the early results of a study on women's attitudes towards technology. Method: we prepared a questionnaire about attitudes towards technology building on previous investigations. By means of a convenience sampling, followed by a snowball sampling strategy, we presented a questionnaire to 497 women (Spanish, German and Indian). Results: By means of a Principal Components Analysis, we have identified two dimensions: 1) attitude related to the experience with technology entrenched in gender stereotypes; 2) attitude to the ability to teach and learn ICT. Conclusions: similarities have been shown among the groups of women of different nationalities, in terms of the interpretation of these dimensions, but not for the set of items summarized in each one of them. In addition, a third dimension was obtained in the group of women from India: attitude related to the role of gender in relation to technology","PeriodicalId":44066,"journal":{"name":"Anuario de Psicologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}