Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Platelet-rich Plasma in Orthopedics: Unraveling Cellular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Limitations : Platelet-rich Plasma in Orthopedics.","authors":"Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi, Khatere Mokhtari, Pouria Tabrizian","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3883","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing interest in autologous biological therapies, such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), within orthopedic surgery and sports medicine, necessitates refined strategies for post-surgical tissue repair. Despite technological advancements, the proliferation of PRP preparation devices has raised concerns about preparation quality consistency. The absence of consensus on standardization and condition-specific formulations contributes to conflicting outcomes in the literature. Moreover, the potential of personalized treatment protocols, platelet dosage optimization, and PRP's angiogenic, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties in orthopedic surgery remains underexplored. This review delves into recent advancements in PRP preparation techniques and therapeutic effects, drawing from published data on its applications in orthopedic surgery for tendon injuries, bone repair, spinal fusion, and major joint replacements. Despite promising preclinical study results, clinical trials have shown varying efficacy compared to traditional repair methods. Mechanisms underlying PRP's actions, including its impact on tendon fibroblasts and macrophage polarization, are scrutinized. While PRP elicits an inflammatory response in tendon fibroblasts, its effect on macrophage polarization remains ambiguous. Additionally, inconclusive findings from studies on PRP's effectiveness in shoulder surgery underscore the need for standardized protocols and further investigation due to challenges like preparation discrepancies and application techniques. This review focusing on influence on healing quality and pace.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Coagulation Management in Cardiac Surgery: Anticoagulants, Heparin Resistance, Monitoring, and Bleeding Risks : Coagulation Management in Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"Sohrab Negargar, Elnaz Javanshir","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3981","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective coagulation management is pivotal to optimizing outcomes in cardiac surgery, influencing bleeding risk, transfusion requirements, and overall perioperative safety. This comprehensive review examines current strategies, limitations, and emerging innovations across anticoagulant use, coagulation monitoring, and bleeding management. Unfractionated heparin remains the standard for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) anticoagulation, owing to its rapid reversibility, though challenges such as heparin resistance persist. Alternatives including low molecular weight heparins, direct thrombin inhibitors, and novel oral anticoagulants are reserved for select indications and carry specific limitations. Perioperative coagulation monitoring is essential; tools such as activated clotting time (ACT), anti-factor Xa assays, and viscoelastic tests (e.g., thromboelastography [TEG] and rotational thromboelastometry [ROTEM]) guide targeted therapy. Despite these advances, bleeding remains common due to factors including preoperative antithrombotic therapy, CPB-induced coagulopathy, and postoperative hemostatic deficits. Management strategies center on prophylactic antifibrinolytics, individualized transfusion protocols, and the judicious use of reversal agents. Emerging frontiers including machine learning-enhanced viscoelastic algorithms, targeted antithrombotics (e.g., factor XI inhibitors), AI-based bleeding prediction, and gene therapy for inherited coagulopathies promise to personalize and improve care. Continued research is warranted to validate novel therapies and refine evidence-based protocols for coagulation management in cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Outcomes at 6 Months in Neonates with First-minute Apgar Score Below 7 and Gestational Age More Than 35 Weeks: A Single-center Study : Developmental Outcomes in Neonates with Low First-minute Apgar.","authors":"Shaghayegh Moradi Alamdarloo, Fereshteh Nassari, Atefe Hashemi, Elham Askary, Roya Mohammadi, Khadijeh Bazrafshan, Leila Kiani, Hamide Barzegar","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3838","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the one-minute Apgar score and developmental outcomes at six months of age.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This cohort study involved neonates with gestational age of more than 35 weeks and a first-minute Apgar score of less than 7, without major anomalies requiring admission during September 2018-2021. Clinical data and hospital course details were recorded. At 6 months old, participants were contacted, and parental questionnaires regarding age and stages questionnaire (ASQ) were completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21, using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. Dunn test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were also employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Out of 26,928 neonates born, 865 had an Apgar score of less than 7 and survived the first day, with 208 being more than 35 weeks gestational age and needing admission. Ultimately, 196 neonates were enrolled. The mean gestational age was 38.2± 1.75 and the mean 1st-minute Apgar score was 3.36 ± 1.84. A significant relationship was observed between the 5th-minute Apgar score and cord blood acidosis (P0.001) and the 10th-minute Apgar score with the need for oxygen (P=0.02(. Most infants had normal ASQ evaluations, while one (0.5%) was in high-risk zone for each domain of fine motor, personal-social, and communication skills. Additionally, one (0.05%) was in the abnormal range for gross motor function, and another one (0.05%) was in the abnormal range for fine motor function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: Our study did not identify a relationship between a low first-minute Apgar score and adverse developmental outcomes at 6 months of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Intersection of Diabetes and Musculoskeletal Health : Diabetes and Musculoskeletal Health.","authors":"Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi, Khatere Mokhtari, Pouria Tabrizian","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3884","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes presents a significant health challenge worldwide, with profound implications extending beyond glycemic control to impact various bodily systems. This review explores the intricate relationship between diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders, shedding light on their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Individuals with diabetes face a heightened risk of developing musculoskeletal conditions, particularly tendon disorders such as adhesive capsulitis rozen shoulder, rotator cuff tears, muscle atrophy, osteoarthritis and diabetic hand syndrome. Mechanisms underlying these disorders include inflammation, glycation, and impaired tendon homeostasis, exacerbated by factors like insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Furthermore, diabetes poses challenges in orthopedic surgery, leading to increased rates of surgical complications and poorer outcomes. Understanding the interplay between diabetes and musculoskeletal health is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at optimizing patient care and outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoliosis as a Paradigm of Pathological Spinal Curvature: Molecular Mechanisms and Imaging Innovations : Molecular and Imaging Insights in Scoliosis.","authors":"Alireza Ghanbari, Tohid Emami Meybodi, Bahare Nezhadmohammad Namaghi, Tohid Khalili Bisafar, Majid Jahanshahi, Karo Khosravi, Khatere Mokhtari, Babak Roshanravan","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3814","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathological spinal curvature encompasses a broad spectrum of deformities that arise from a complex interplay of genetic, molecular, and biomechanical factors. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular underpinnings of spinal deformities, with a focus on the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs, aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, inflammatory cytokine imbalances, and epigenetic modifications. In parallel, the article provides a detailed overview of both conventional and emerging imaging techniques used in the clinical assessment of spinal curvature. Traditional radiographic methods, such as Cobb angle measurement and Ferguson's method, are critically compared with advanced modalities-including surface topography, ultrasound imaging, and computer-aided 3D reconstructions-that promise enhanced diagnostic accuracy while minimizing radiation exposure. By bridging molecular insights with clinical imaging advancements, this review underscores the importance of an integrated diagnostic approach for early detection and effective management of scoliosis and related spinal deformities. The convergence of these disciplines not only enriches our understanding of the pathogenesis of spinal curvature but also lays the foundation for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing for Elective Cesarean Deliveries: Insights from a Comparative Study at 38- or 39-Weeks Gestation : Elective Cesarean Delivery at 38 vs 39 Weeks.","authors":"Shaghayegh Moradi Alamdarloo, Fariba Hoseini, Atefe Hashemi, Homeira Vafaei, Maryam Zolghadr, Hamide Barzegar","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3839","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: The optimal timing for elective cesarean deliveries remains a subject of debate, with concerns regarding consequences for mother and child at different gestational ages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was done in 2022 at hospitals associated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Singleton pregnant women whose pregnancies were terminated at 38(38+0 to 38+6) or 39 (39+0 to 39+6) weeks gestation were enrolled. Data on demographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and complications were collected from hospital records. The maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups using SPSS version 21. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Among 1812 cesarean deliveries, 1274 (70.3%) were performed at 38 weeks gestational age and 538 (29.7%) at 39 weeks gestational age. Maternal complications, including infection at the surgical site (1.6% vs 0.4%, P=0.03) and uterine rupture( 0.6% vs 0, P=0.04), were more prevalent in the 38-week group. Growth indices were higher in neonates born at 39 weeks (length 49.55±2.36 vs 48.71±2.05 cm P=0.001 & weight 3.57±0.67 vs 3.37±0.59 kg P=0.001). No significant differences were observed in other maternal or neonatal complications between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: Deliveries at 38 weeks were associated with a higher rate of maternal complications, possibly due to their emergent nature. However, there were no significant differences in most maternal and neonatal outcomes. Elective cesarean at 38 weeks may still be reasonable to avoid emergency operations and their risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Futurology of the Situation of Public Hospitals in Iran Until 2032 : Futurology of the Situation of Public Hospitals in Iran until 2032.","authors":"Golsa Danesh, Somayeh Hessam, Shaghayegh Vahdat, Soad Mahfoozpour","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3786","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: The changes in the role of hospitals in the future require planning for the changes in the structure of hospitals. This study aimed to explore the state of public hospitals in Iran by 2032.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The participants were 20 hospital management and healthcare experts selected using purposive sampling. Structural interaction analysis and MICMAC software were used for data processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The findings indicated the growing budgetary constraints in the health sector due to the increasing economic and health burden of non-communicable diseases and emerging diseases caused by environmental changes, the structure of the purchase of drugs, consumables, and medical equipment, the share of the health sector in the national public budget, providing access to capital/loans for the development of hospital activities by the government, the cost-effectiveness ratio of each service, the overcharged tariff set for hospital services, and public health insurance and a shift from employer-based insurance coverage to government-oriented insurance coverage are the key drivers affecting the state of public hospitals in Iran.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: The identified factors play a vital role in the state of public hospitals in Iran. This can be useful for policymakers and hospital managers to recognize the future developments of hospitals and healthcare centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban, Heparin, and Enoxaparin in Preventing Thrombosis in Gynaecologic Oncology Surgeries : Thromboprophylaxis in Gyn-oncology Surgery.","authors":"Elham Saffarieh, Shaghayegh Pazoki, Setare Nassiri","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3957","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent and potentially serious complication following gynecologic oncology surgeries. Anticoagulants such as heparin, enoxaparin, and rivaroxaban are commonly used for thromboprophylaxis; however, their comparative efficacy and safety remain uncertain in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial included 85 patients undergoing gynecologic oncology surgery, randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin (n=25), heparin (n=30), or rivaroxaban (n=30). Randomization was performed using block randomization (block size=3) with allocation concealment and double blinding of patients and outcome assessors. The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20151020024625N19) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences (IR.SEMUMS.REC.1402.223). Baseline data included age, BMI, cancer type, surgical procedure, and history of vascular events. Outcomes comprised transfusion requirement, dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, lower limb pain, bleeding, infection, hematoma, recovery, and mortality. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Fourteen patients (16.5%) required intraoperative transfusion, with a significantly higher rate in the rivaroxaban group (33.3%) compared to enoxaparin (8.0%) and heparin (6.7%) (P=0.010). Peripheral edema was also more common with rivaroxaban (16.7%) than with heparin (3.3%) or enoxaparin (0%) (P=0.046). Other outcomes showed no significant between-group differences (all P0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Rivaroxaban use was linked to increased intraoperative transfusion and short-term edema compared to heparin and enoxaparin. Larger multicenter trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary safety and efficacy findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Characteristics and D2 Lymph Node Involvement in Gastric Cancer: A Clinicopathological Analysis (2018-2023) :.","authors":"Vahid Zangouri, Omid Akbari Alateimouri, Hamid Zaferani Arani, AmirAli Ghahramani","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3949","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with lymph node involvement, particularly at the level 2 lymph node dissection (D2), serving as a critical determinant of prognosis and surgical strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between primary tumor characteristics and D2 lymph node involvement and examine these factors' impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing curative gastrectomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 233 patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancer who underwent curative-intent surgery at Namazi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) between April 2018 and March 2023. Clinicopathological variables, including tumor size, location, grade, and histologic type, were assessed with D2 lymph node involvement. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan- Meier estimates and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify independent nodal involvement and survival predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>D2 lymphadenectomy in 38.1% of patients indicated no significant associations between D2 involvement and tumor grade (P=0.443), size (P=0.215), or location (P=0.522). However, D2 lymph node metastasis was associated with a significantly descending mean of overall survival (25.43 ± 3.36 months) compared to patients without D2 involvement (43.06 ± 2.59 months; P0.001). Tumor stage and size were strong predictors of survival, with Stage 3C patients revealing a median overall survival of 13.45 months and tumors 3 cm being associated with superior outcomes (P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>D2 lymph node involvement reflects progressive disease biology and is an assertive prognostic marker in gastric adenocarcinoma. While tumor grade, size, and location were not independently predictive of D2 metastasis, tumor stage and nodal status were strongly associated with survival. These results reinforce the use of extended lymphadenectomy in selected patients and underscore the requirement for individualized surgical planning based on total tumor profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Gallstone and Polymorphisms of ABCB11 Gene among the Adult Patients in Iran: A Case Control Study : Gallstone and ABCB11 Gene.","authors":"Sedigheh Yektamoghaddam, Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard, Vajiheh Zrrinpour, Mojtaba Fathi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.4066","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.4066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. The ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) gene, encoding the bile salt export pump (BSEP), plays a critical role in bile acid transport. Polymorphisms in ABCB11 have been implicated in gallstone pathogenesis, yet evidence from Middle Eastern populations, particularly Iran, remains limited. Our study seeks to address these knowledge gaps by evaluating the association between rs2287622 and hepatic function markers in a distinct population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This investigation, conducted in a medical facility with matched participants, involved 100 individuals diagnosed with GSD and 100 comparable healthy volunteers matched by age and gender. We used a targeted PCR method (ARMS-PCR) for variant detection. Laboratory tests evaluated blood fats and hepatic indicators. We applied logistic regression modeling to explore the connection between rs2287622 and GSD, controlling for influencing variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The mean age of cases was significantly higher than controls (56.74 ± 16.25 vs. 43.07 ± 14.68 years, P0.001). Cases exhibited elevated serum levels of SGOT (P=0.021), SGPT (P=0.016), ALP (P=0.001), and direct bilirubin (P0.001). No significant differences were observed in allele frequencies (P=0.78) or genotype distributions (P=0.24) of ABCB11 polymorphisms between groups. TT was the most prevalent genotype, with no significant associations found between genotype and clinical parameters or GSD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: This study found no significant association between ABCB11 polymorphisms and GSD among Iranian adults. Future research with larger samples and functional analyses is recommended to clarify the genetic determinants of GSD in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e4066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}