Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Early Postoperative Cardiac Complications Following Heart Transplantation:.","authors":"Sohrab Negargar, Sahar Sadeghi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2701","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disorders remain the leading cause of death around the world. Heart transplantation is considered the only therapeutic choice defined as the gold standard strategy to manage end-stage heart failure. Nevertheless, the remaining postoperative complications compromise both the survival rate and quality of life in heart transplantation recipients. The present study aimed to review the current findings concerning the main early complications after heart transplantation, reliable predictors, diagnostic approaches, novel surgical techniques, and management strategies. The results demonstrated that significant advances in immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals, determining appropriate policies for donor acceptance, pre and post-operative treatment/care, selection of the most compatible donor with the recipient, and the suggestion of novel diagnostic and surgical techniques over the past decade had dropped the mortality and morbidity rates early after transplantation. However,marrhythmia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, deep sternal wound infection along with other sites infections, low cardiac output syndrome, acute graft dysfunction, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, and acute cellular rejection could be considered as the major early complications following heart transplantations that pivotally require further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"e2701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497256/pdf/GMJ-12-e2701.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders; Focus on Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Khazar Ghasempour Dabbaghi, Zahra Khosravirad, Sheida Jamalnia, Rahil GhorbaniNia, Fatemeh Mahmoudikohani, Habib Zakeri, Solmaz Khastehband","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3061","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown great promise in the diagnosis, prediction, treatment plans, and monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of data from various sources, including medical images, quantifiable proteins in urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), genetic information, clinical records, Electroencephalography (EEG) signals, driving behaviors, etc. Alzheimer's disease as one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. This study specifically explores the possible application of AI in the diagnosis, prediction, monitoring of disease progression, classifying, finding new biomarkers and drugs, and personalizing treatment plans of AD.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Counseling on Marital Intimacy in Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Mahshid Bokaie, Naeimeh Mirshafieian, Mir Saeid Jafari","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2747","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parents of children with intelligence and motor problems, including Down syndrome have to spend more time babysitting resulting in less intimacy with their mates. Solution-focused brief therapy is one of the treatments presented in the field of marital intimacy. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused counseling on marital intimacy in mothers of children with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 72 couples were selected among members of the Asemannili Society (Isfahan-Iran) from 19/01/2021 to 20/04/2021. The control group received an educational pamphlet for four sessions (without homework) every other week while the intervention group attended eight 90-minute online counseling programs once a week. Bagarozi Marital Intimacy Questionnaire was completed at baseline, after intervention (8th week), and follow-up period (12th week) by the women and their spouses. Results: The mean scores of marital intimacy between the two groups at baseline (online: 313.23 ± 70.86, pamphlet: 315.92 ± 41.45) compared to the 12th week (online: 370.13 ± 44.63, pamphlet: 332.42 ± 30.39) were significantly different. The analysis of the variance test with repeated observations showed that the effect of group, and time on the total score of marital intimacy and its other dimensions, were significant (P<0.05) for women.Conclusion: Both online and pamphlet counseling can improve marital intimacy in mothers of children with Down syndrome, but online counseling appears to be more effective. Thus, this method is recommended for improving the marital intimacy of these women.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134968376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Regulation of Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis by MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Akram Shariati, Venous Shahabi Raberi, Mehdi Masumi, Ali Tarbiat, Elham Rastgoo, Reza Faramarzzadeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2933","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the most prevalent noncommunicable disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. A plethora of evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) could control the inhibition or progression of CVDs by regulating pivotal cell processes ranging from metabolism and homeostasis to programmed cell death (PCD). Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are two major types of nonapoptotic PCDs involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, no study has discussed the crosstalk between miRNAs and these two types of PCDs in the CVDs. The current review demonstrated that different types of miRNAs can regulate both ferroptosis and pyroptosis and thereby affect CVDs progression and inhibition. Altogether, the discussed content encourages further studies to confirm that mentioned pathways are suitable to be considered as novel therapeutic approaches against CVDs.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136239817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Regulation of Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis by MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Akram Shariati, Venus Shahabi Raberi, Mehdi Masumi, Ali Tarbiat, Elham Rastgoo, Reza Faramarz Zadeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2933","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the most prevalent noncommunicable disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. A plethora of evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) could control the inhibition or progression of CVDs by regulating pivotal cell processes ranging from metabolism and homeostasis to programmed cell death (PCD). Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are two major types of nonapoptotic PCDs involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, no study has discussed the crosstalk between miRNAs and these two types of PCDs in the CVDs. The current review demonstrated that different types of miRNAs can regulate both ferroptosis and pyroptosis and thereby affect CVDs progression and inhibition. Altogether, the discussed content encourages further studies to confirm that mentioned pathways are suitable to be considered as novel therapeutic approaches against CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Apoptosis-related Genes and Hormone Secretion Profiles Using Three Dimensional Culture System of Human Testicular Organoids.","authors":"Aghbibi Nikmahzar, Farnaz Khadivi, Morteza Koruji, Mehrdad Jahanshahi, Masoomeh Dehghan Tarazjani, Maryam Shabani, Yasaman Abbasi, Mehdi Abbasi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2805","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In reproductive biology, testicular organoids can be used to treat infertility and to study testicular development and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) differentiation. Generating organoid from primary cells is challenging. In this study, testicular organoids were created using human primary testicular cells and evaluated the apoptotic gene expression and hormone secretion profiles of the organoids.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Primary human testicular cells were isolated using 2-step enzymatic digestion from three brain-dead donors. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analyses were performed to confirm human SSCs. Isolated cells were cultured in three experimental groups: control group (2 dimensional (2D)), group 1 (organoid culture after 2D culture), and group 2 (organoid culture immediately after enzymatic digestion). Testicular organoids were cultured in DMEM/F-12 media supplemented with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) for four weeks. After 24 hours and four weeks of culture, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the relative expression of apoptotic genes (caspase 3, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2). At 24 hours, two weeks, and four weeks after culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to determine the testosterone and inhibin B concentrations. Light microscopy and toluidine blue staining were also used for morphological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT-qPCR results revealed that pro-apoptotic (caspase 3, 9, Bax) gene expression levels were highest in group 2 after 24 h and four weeks of culture. In contrast, the expression level of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) was lower in group 2 compared to other groups. The hormone secretion levels decreased in a time-dependent manner during the cultivation. According to morphological evaluations, testicular organoids are compact, spherical structures with two to three elongated cells organized along their border.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that the testicular organoid culture system maintained hormonal secretory abilities, demonstrating the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells in the absence of testis-specific environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11108674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Apoptosis-Related Genes and Hormone Secretion Profiles Using Three Dimensional Culture System of Human Testicular Organoids","authors":"A. Nikmahzar, F. Khadivi, M. Koruji, M. Jahanshahi, Masoomeh Dehghan Tarazjani, Maryam Shabani, Yasaman Abbasi, M. Abbasi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2805","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In reproductive biology, testicular organoids can be used to treat infertility and to study testicular development and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) differentiation. Generating organoid from primary cells is challenging. In this study, testicular organoids were created using human primary testicular cells and evaluated the apoptotic gene expression and hormone secretion profiles of the organoids. Materials and Methods: Primary human testicular cells were isolated using 2-step enzymatic digestion from three brain-dead donors. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analyses were performed to confirm human SSCs. Isolated cells were cultured in three experimental groups: control group (2 dimensional (2D)), group 1 (organoid culture after 2D culture), and group 2 (organoid culture immediately after enzymatic digestion). Testicular organoids were cultured in DMEM/F-12 media supplemented with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) for four weeks. After 24 hours and four weeks of culture, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the relative expression of apoptotic genes (caspase 3, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2). At 24 hours, two weeks, and four weeks after culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to determine the testosterone and inhibin B concentrations. Light microscopy and toluidine blue staining were also used for morphological analysis. Results: RT-qPCR results revealed that pro-apoptotic (caspase 3, 9, Bax) gene expression levels were highest in group 2 after 24 h and four weeks of culture. In contrast, the expression level of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) was lower in group 2 compared to other groups. The hormone secretion levels decreased in a time-dependent manner during the cultivation. According to morphological evaluations, testicular organoids are compact, spherical structures with two to three elongated cells organized along their border. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the testicular organoid culture system maintained hormonal secretory abilities, demonstrating the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells in the absence of testis-specific environments.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"23 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persian Medicine Network (PMN) Establishment in the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)","authors":"Babak Daneshfard, Ebrahim Khadem","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3066","url":null,"abstract":"-","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Delirium and Dementia in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Venus Shahabi Raberi, Morteza Solati Kooshk Qazi, Ali Zolfi gol, Rahil GhorbaniNia, Ozra Kahourian, Reza Faramarz Zadeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3045","url":null,"abstract":"Delirium and dementia are considered to be the most significant postoperative neurocognitive complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, particularly those aged 60 years and older, which reduces the post-surgery quality of life, prolongs hospitalization, increases costs, and elevated the rates of mortality. Nevertheless, the etiology, risk factors, and predictive biomarkers, have not been well elucidated particularly, in patients with unmanifested underline cognitive impairments. The present study aimed to review the findings on the etiology, factors increasing the risk of incidence, and predictive biomarkers of postoperative delirium and dementia after cardiac surgery, and to describe the suggested pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Advances in Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Bin Sun, Zhigang Wang","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2993","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating advancements in early diagnosis and treatment modalities. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke, highlighting the importance of the potential impact on patient outcomes. Recent advancements have focused on various aspects of stroke care, including imaging techniques, laboratory testing, telemedicine and mobile technology, intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and collaborative systems. Advances in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Computed tomography perfusion imaging, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, multimodal imaging, and automated image processing tools have greatly improved the ability to assess the extent of ischemic injury. Laboratory testing has seen significant progress in identifying biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have improved our understanding of the cardiac component of stroke. Additionally, biomarkers such as S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuron-specific enolase have shown promise in assessing stroke severity and prognosis. Mobile applications and wearable devices facilitate stroke symptom recognition, risk assessment, and prompt medical attention. The development of tenecteplase, a modified form of tissue plasminogen activator, has enhanced clot-dissolving efficacy. Collaborative systems, including regional stroke systems of care and telestroke networks, have optimized communication and coordination among healthcare providers. Interoperable electronic health records streamline information exchange and facilitate prompt decision-making. Mobile communication technologies enhance real-time collaboration, involving all stakeholders in stroke care. Future directions focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for stroke diagnosis and risk assessment. Wearable devices and remote monitoring may enable continuous monitoring of stroke-related indicators. Overall, advances in early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke can enhance stroke care, reduce treatment delays, and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}