Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Postoperative Delirium and Dementia in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Venus Shahabi Raberi, Morteza Solati Kooshk Qazi, Ali Zolfi gol, Rahil GhorbaniNia, Ozra Kahourian, Reza Faramarz Zadeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3045","url":null,"abstract":"Delirium and dementia are considered to be the most significant postoperative neurocognitive complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, particularly those aged 60 years and older, which reduces the post-surgery quality of life, prolongs hospitalization, increases costs, and elevated the rates of mortality. Nevertheless, the etiology, risk factors, and predictive biomarkers, have not been well elucidated particularly, in patients with unmanifested underline cognitive impairments. The present study aimed to review the findings on the etiology, factors increasing the risk of incidence, and predictive biomarkers of postoperative delirium and dementia after cardiac surgery, and to describe the suggested pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Advances in Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Bin Sun, Zhigang Wang","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2993","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating advancements in early diagnosis and treatment modalities. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke, highlighting the importance of the potential impact on patient outcomes. Recent advancements have focused on various aspects of stroke care, including imaging techniques, laboratory testing, telemedicine and mobile technology, intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and collaborative systems. Advances in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Computed tomography perfusion imaging, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, multimodal imaging, and automated image processing tools have greatly improved the ability to assess the extent of ischemic injury. Laboratory testing has seen significant progress in identifying biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have improved our understanding of the cardiac component of stroke. Additionally, biomarkers such as S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuron-specific enolase have shown promise in assessing stroke severity and prognosis. Mobile applications and wearable devices facilitate stroke symptom recognition, risk assessment, and prompt medical attention. The development of tenecteplase, a modified form of tissue plasminogen activator, has enhanced clot-dissolving efficacy. Collaborative systems, including regional stroke systems of care and telestroke networks, have optimized communication and coordination among healthcare providers. Interoperable electronic health records streamline information exchange and facilitate prompt decision-making. Mobile communication technologies enhance real-time collaboration, involving all stakeholders in stroke care. Future directions focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for stroke diagnosis and risk assessment. Wearable devices and remote monitoring may enable continuous monitoring of stroke-related indicators. Overall, advances in early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke can enhance stroke care, reduce treatment delays, and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review On Advances in Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke","authors":"B. Sun, Zhigang Wang","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2993","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating continuous research and advancements in early diagnosis and treatment modalities. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke, highlighting the importance of timely intervention and the potential impact on patient outcomes. Recent advancements have focused on various aspects of stroke care, including imaging techniques, laboratory testing, telemedicine and mobile technology, intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and collaborative systems. Advances in imaging techniques have played a pivotal role in the early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. Computed tomography perfusion imaging, advanced MRI techniques, multimodal imaging, and automated image processing tools have greatly improved the ability to assess the extent of ischemic injury, identify viable tissue, and characterize intracranial occlusions. Incorporating these advancements into routine clinical practice allows for more accurate and timely treatment decisions, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for patients with ischemic stroke. Laboratory testing has seen significant progress in identifying biomarkers and genetic markers associated with ischemic stroke. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have improved our understanding of the cardiac component of stroke and enabled early detection of cardiac injury. Telemedicine and mobile technology have revolutionized stroke care by enabling remote assessment and consultation with stroke specialists. Collaborative systems and telestroke networks, have optimized communication and coordination among healthcare providers. Interoperable electronic health records streamline information exchange and facilitate prompt decision-making. Targeted therapies and stroke prevention strategies offer new avenues for improving outcomes. Overall, advances in early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke can enhance stroke care, reduce treatment delays, and improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82430927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practices of Hospitals in Management of Epidemic Conditions: A Scoping Review","authors":"Ali Tahmasebi, Iravan Masoudi asl, Aidin Aryankhesal, Soudabeh Vatankhah, Gholamreza Masoumi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2824","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many hospitals globally have valuable experiences in preparing for management and responding to infectious epidemics. Identifying and analyzing these experiences can provide comprehensive and practical data for decision-making and effective performance. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review and content analysis of the best practices of hospital (private or public) management in epidemic conditions.Materials and Methods: This research is a scoping review and content analysis, conducted in 2021. Data was collected by searching different databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, ProQuest, websites, search engines, and public reports without time limits. Content analysis was performed for data analysis.Results: We retrieved 8842 records from databases and other sources. Finally, 24 studies from 12 countries were selected for analysis. Most studies belonged to the United States (9 cases), and most subjects were on Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) (19 studies). We classified the results into two major categories of in-hospital executive readiness and logistic readiness. Executive readiness included 11 main categories (physical structure, resource management, exposure reduction, patients and caregivers’ management, corpse management, disinfection, staff support, patient admission, instructions and guidelines, tele- communication, and education) and 26 sub-categories. Logistic readiness consisted of three major categories (leadership/team making, communication, and using capabilities) and five sub-categories.Conclusion: Healthcare managers can use the identified categories and dimensions of managerial readiness and responsiveness as an action plan during an infectious disease epidemic.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135936917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Nursing Care in the Management of Patients with Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.","authors":"Qun Miao, Yan Yan, Mengjie Zhou, Xueqi Sun","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.3013","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.3013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is a critical condition that requires comprehensive management to optimize patient outcomes. Nursing care plays a key role in the overall management of patients with tSAH via various aspects of care, including neurological assessment, monitoring, intervention, and education. In this review, we aim to evaluate the significant contributions of nursing care in managing patients with tSAH. Nurses perform initial neurological assessments, including the glasgow coma scale, pupil reactivity, vital signs, and sensory-motor evaluations. These assessments provide valuable information for early identification of deteriorating neurological status and prompt intervention. Additionally, nurses closely monitor intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure, and other hemodynamic parameters, assisting in the prevention and timely detection of secondary brain injury. For example, some strategies to manage ICP include elevating the head of the bed, maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administering proper medications, and ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance. Also, through careful monitoring, early recognition, and appropriate preventive measures, nursing care could prevent complications, including infections, deep vein thrombosis, and pressure ulcers. Furthermore, nursing care extends beyond physical management and encompasses psychosocial support for patients and their families. Nurses establish therapeutic relationships, providing emotional support, education, and counseling to alleviate anxiety, address concerns, and facilitate coping mechanisms. Education regarding medication management, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of regular follow-up enhances patient compliance and promotes long-term recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11108670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Nursing Care in the Management of Patients with Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","authors":"Q. Miao, Yan-ling Yan, Mengjie Zhou, Xueqi Sun","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3013","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is a critical condition that requires comprehensive management to optimize patient outcomes. Nursing care plays a key role in the overall management of patients with tSAH via various aspects of care, including neurological assessment, monitoring, intervention, and education. In this review, we aim to evaluate the significant contributions of nursing care in managing patients with tSAH. Nurses perform initial neurological assessments, including the glasgow coma scale, pupil reactivity, vital signs, and sensory-motor evaluations. These assessments provide valuable information for early identification of deteriorating neurological status and prompt intervention. Additionally, nurses closely monitor intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure, and other hemodynamic parameters, assisting in the prevention and timely detection of secondary brain injury. For example, some strategies to manage ICP include elevating the head of the bed, maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administering proper medications, and ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance. Also, through careful monitoring, early recognition, and appropriate preventive measures, nursing care could prevent complications, including infections, deep vein thrombosis, and pressure ulcers. Furthermore, nursing care extends beyond physical management and encompasses psychosocial support for patients and their families. Nurses establish therapeutic relationships, providing emotional support, education, and counseling to alleviate anxiety, address concerns, and facilitate coping mechanisms. Education regarding medication management, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of regular follow-up enhances patient compliance and promotes long-term recovery.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview On Current Trends and Emerging Therapies in the Chemotherapy of Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer","authors":"Jian Qian, Yunxia Xu, Xiaokai Ling, Fenhua Wang","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3021","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the management of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) due to the development of targeted therapies. However, (HER2)-positive BC is an aggressive subtype, posing significant challenges, including treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Current standard treatment options for HER2-positive BC include combinations of chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapies such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and hormone therapies. However, some important limitations of these treatments, such as resistance and adverse effects, are reported. Also, we showed emerging therapeutic options, such as novel chemotherapy agents, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and discussed their mechanisms of action, potential benefits, and potential future directions in the field.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83781348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview on Current Trends and Emerging Therapies in the Chemotherapy of Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Jian Qian, Yunxia Xu, Xiaokai Ling, Fenhua Wang","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.3021","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.3021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the management of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) due to the development of targeted therapies. However, HER2-positive BC is an aggressive subtype, posing significant challenges, including treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Current standard treatment options for HER2-positive BC include combinations of chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapies such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and hormone therapies. However, some important limitations of these treatments, such as resistance and adverse effects, are reported. Also, we showed emerging therapeutic options, such as novel chemotherapy agents, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and discussed their mechanisms of action, potential benefits, and potential future directions in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing Interventions and Care Strategies for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Yangyan Shan, Jun Chen, Siwen Zhou, Guangxue Wen","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2994","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i0.2994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition and a significant health burden for the population. In this disease, insufficient blood flow to the heart due to plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries causes chest pain, heart attack, and even death. So, it is vital to identify risk factors, prevention, appropriate treatment, and rehabilitation. Nurses play an indispensable role in managing and caring for patients with CHD. Indeed, they possess a deep understanding of the disease and its complexities, enabling them to provide comprehensive care to patients. Nurses monitor vital signs, administer medications, and perform diagnostic tests, ensuring patients receive timely and appropriate interventions. They also educate patients and their families about CHD, emphasizing lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and self-care practices. Moreover, nurses offer emotional support, guiding patients through the physical and psychological challenges associated with CHD. Their expertise, compassion, and dedication significantly improve patient outcomes and overall quality of life. Nurses are responsible for assessing, diagnosing, and counseling patients on how to manage their disease, making them the front line of defense in preventing and addressing this serious condition. In the current study, we reviewed the literature to consider the best practices and emerging trends in nursing interventions and care strategies for patients with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11108677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing Interventions in the Management of Mental Health and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Hailu Xu, Daoying Liu","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2999","url":null,"abstract":"Co-occurring mental health disorders and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) present a challenge for healthcare professionals. The complexity of these conditions can hinder accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential for co-occurring disorders and to provide appropriate care. Evidence-based interventions in nursing are critical in managing these disorders and improving patient outcomes. &#x0D; Nurses must be trained in these interventions to provide optimal care for patients with co-occurring disorders. Patients should be encouraged to disclose any substance use or mental health issues to ensure they receive the best care possible. &#x0D; This review provides a comprehensive overview of nursing interventions for managing mental health and AUDs. It emphasizes the need for further research in this area. Nursing care is pivotal in managing these disorders, and interventions can significantly improve patient outcomes. By unifying the style and using clear, concise, and appropriate language for a scientific audience, this review aims to clarify the importance of nursing interventions in managing co-occurring mental health and AUDs.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}