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Mathematical modelling of decision making: the case of motor insurance choices 决策数学模型：汽车保险选择案例
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00148-7
Richard Kwame Ansah, Alex Akwasi Opoku, Kassim Tawiah, Richard Kena Boadi, Bridget Nana-Ama Gana, Sampson Tackie, Maud Avevor Ayornu, Stephen Manu Ampofo Mills
{"title":"Mathematical modelling of decision making: the case of motor insurance choices","authors":"Richard Kwame Ansah, Alex Akwasi Opoku, Kassim Tawiah, Richard Kena Boadi, Bridget Nana-Ama Gana, Sampson Tackie, Maud Avevor Ayornu, Stephen Manu Ampofo Mills","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00148-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00148-7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper employs a statistical mechanical model as a framework to investigate how socioeconomic factors of individuals such as gender and place of residence influence their decision when deciding between comprehensive and third-party motor insurance policies in Ghana. Data from a general insurance firm was used for this investigation taking five years’ worth of transactions into account. The methods of partial least squares and the ordinary least squares are, respectively, used to estimate the parameters of the interacting and the non-interacting models in the Multipopulation Currie-Weiss model in a discrete choice framework. The findings showed that both location and gender have discernible influences on how people choose their motor insurance. We encourage insurance companies to intensify their campaign on the importance of motor insurance to all vehicle/car owners, especially those in rural areas in order to reduce the risk and associated losses in vehicular accidents on Ghanaian roads.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concatenated backward ray mapping on the compound parabolic concentrator 复合抛物面聚光器上的串联后向射线映射
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00149-6
Willem Jansen, Martijn Anthonissen, Jan ten Thije Boonkkamp, Wilbert IJzerman
{"title":"Concatenated backward ray mapping on the compound parabolic concentrator","authors":"Willem Jansen, Martijn Anthonissen, Jan ten Thije Boonkkamp, Wilbert IJzerman","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00149-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00149-6","url":null,"abstract":"Concatenated backward ray mapping is an alternative for ray tracing in 2D. It is based on the phase-space description of an optical system. Phase space is the set of position and direction coordinates of light rays intersecting a surface. The original algorithm (Filosa, ten Thije Boonkkamp and IJzerman in J Math Ind 11(1):4, 2021) is limited to optical systems consisting of only straight surfaces; we generalize it to accommodate curved surfaces. The algorithm is applied to a standard optical system, the compound parabolic concentrator. We compare the accuracy and speed of the generalized algorithm, the original algorithm and Monte Carlo ray tracing. The results show that the generalized algorithm outperforms both other methods.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation of high-frequency induction welding in longitudinal welded tubes 直缝焊管高频感应焊接的数值模拟
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00147-8
John Inge Asperheim, Prerana Das, Bjørnar Grande, Dietmar Hömberg, Thomas Petzold
{"title":"Numerical simulation of high-frequency induction welding in longitudinal welded tubes","authors":"John Inge Asperheim, Prerana Das, Bjørnar Grande, Dietmar Hömberg, Thomas Petzold","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00147-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00147-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper the high-frequency induction welding process is studied numerically. The mathematical model comprises a harmonic vector potential formulation of the Maxwell equations and a quasi-static, convection dominated heat equation coupled through the Joule heat term and nonlinear constitutive relations. Its main novelties are a new analytic approach which permits to compute a spatially varying feed velocity depending on the angle of the Vee-opening and additional spring-back effects. Moreover, a numerical stabilization approach for the finite element discretization allows to consider realistic weld-line speeds and thus a fairly comprehensive three-dimensional simulation of the tube welding process.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemic modelling by birth-death processes with spatial scaling 通过具有空间比例的出生-死亡过程建立流行病模型
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00152-x
Ihsan Arharas, Mohamed El Fatini, Mohammed Louriki, Roger Pettersson
{"title":"Epidemic modelling by birth-death processes with spatial scaling","authors":"Ihsan Arharas, Mohamed El Fatini, Mohammed Louriki, Roger Pettersson","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00152-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00152-x","url":null,"abstract":"In epidemic modeling, interpretation of compartment quantities, such as s, i, and r in relevant equations, is not always straightforward. Ambiguities regarding whether these quantities represent numbers or fractions of individuals in each compartment rise questions about significance of the involved parameters. In this paper, we address these challenges by considering a density-dependent epidemic modelling by a birth-death process approach inspired by Kurtz from 1970s’. In contrast to existing literature, which employs population size scaling under constant population condition, we scale with respect to the area. Namely, under the assumption of spatial homogeneity of the population, we consider the quantities of susceptible, infective and recovered per unit area. This spatial scaling allows diffusion approximation for birth-death type epidemic models with varying population size. By adopting this approach, we anticipate to contribute to a clear and transparent description of compartment quantities and parameters in epidemic modeling.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal control of a dengue model with cross-immunity 具有交叉免疫的登革热模型的优化控制
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00150-z
Bernd Kugelmann, Roland Pulch
{"title":"Optimal control of a dengue model with cross-immunity","authors":"Bernd Kugelmann, Roland Pulch","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00150-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00150-z","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modelling of a dengue epidemic with two serotypes including a temporary cross-immunity yields a nonlinear system consisting of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We investigate an optimal control problem, where the integral of the infected humans is minimised within a time interval. The controls represent human actions to decrease the number of mosquitos in the model. An integral constraint is added, which takes a limitation on the sum of the human actions into account. On the one hand, we derive and apply a direct approach to solve the optimal control problem. Therein, a discretisation of the controls is constructed using spline interpolation in time. Consequently, a finite-dimensional constrained minimisation problem can be solved. On the other hand, we employ an indirect approach, where necessary conditions for an optimal solution are considered. This technique yields a multipoint boundary value problem of a larger system of ODEs including adjoint equations. We present results of numerical computations, where the two methods are compared.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictive modelling of critical variables for improving HVOF coating using gamma regression models 利用伽马回归模型对改进 HVOF 涂层的关键变量进行预测建模
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00146-9
Wolfgang Rannetbauer, Simon Hubmer, Carina Hambrock, Ronny Ramlau
{"title":"Predictive modelling of critical variables for improving HVOF coating using gamma regression models","authors":"Wolfgang Rannetbauer, Simon Hubmer, Carina Hambrock, Ronny Ramlau","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00146-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00146-9","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal spray coating is a critical process in many industries, involving the application of coatings to surfaces to enhance their functionality. This paper proposes a framework for modelling and predicting critical target variables in thermal spray coating processes, based on the application of statistical design of experiments (DoE) and the modelling of the data using generalized linear models (GLMs) with a particular emphasis on gamma regression. Experimental data obtained from thermal spray coating trials are used to validate the presented approach, demonstrating that it is able to accurately model and predict critical target variables. As such, the framework has significant potential for the optimization of thermal spray coating processes, and can contribute to the development of more efficient and effective coating technologies in various industries.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detecting self-organising patterns in crowd motion: effect of optimisation algorithms 检测人群运动中的自组织模式：优化算法的影响
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00145-w
Samson Worku, Pratik Mullick
{"title":"Detecting self-organising patterns in crowd motion: effect of optimisation algorithms","authors":"Samson Worku, Pratik Mullick","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00145-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00145-w","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating process of urbanization has raised concerns about incidents arising from overcrowding, necessitating a deep understanding of large human crowd behavior and the development of effective crowd management strategies. This study employs computational methods to analyze real-world crowd behaviors, emphasizing self-organizing patterns. Notably, the intersection of two streams of individuals triggers the spontaneous emergence of striped patterns, validated through both simulations and live human experiments. Addressing a gap in computational methods for studying these patterns, previous research utilized the pattern-matching technique, employing the Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm for fitting a two-dimensional sinusoidal function to pedestrian coordinates. This paper advances the pattern-matching procedure by introducing Simulated Annealing as the optimization algorithm and employing a two-dimensional square wave for data fitting. The amalgamation of Simulated Annealing and the square wave significantly enhances pattern fitting quality, validated through statistical hypothesis tests. The study concludes by outlining potential applications of this method across diverse scenarios.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systemic risk assessment of Lithuanian second-pillar pension funds through connectedness and spillover 通过关联性和溢出效应评估立陶宛第二支柱养老基金的系统性风险
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00144-x
Audrius Kabašinskas
{"title":"Systemic risk assessment of Lithuanian second-pillar pension funds through connectedness and spillover","authors":"Audrius Kabašinskas","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00144-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00144-x","url":null,"abstract":"Pension funds are an essential part of retirement planning, and their performance and risks play a significant role in ensuring financial stability for retirees. This study aims to analyse the connectedness and spillover effects in the Lithuanian second-pillar pension fund market. The findings of this study provide insight on the interdependence within the second-pillar pension funds market and with other financial markets, and contribute to a better understanding of the risk-return trade-off of pension funds, especially during high-volatility periods. Differently from other studies in this paper market regimes are identified using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Interdependence (including multivariate and non-linear) and causality between pension funds are analysed in different market regimes. Finally, returns spillover in different regimes is estimated using VAR and VECM models. The results of this paper are expected to be useful for pension fund managers, participants, and pension system supervisors in making decisions about investment strategies and in practices of systemic risk management regulation.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soft rough sets based on covering and their applications 基于覆盖的软粗糙集及其应用
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00142-z
Roshdey Mareay
{"title":"Soft rough sets based on covering and their applications","authors":"Roshdey Mareay","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00142-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00142-z","url":null,"abstract":"Soft rough based on covering $mathcal {S}RC$ theory has become a useful and well-known area of research in theories of uncertainty. The present work follows up on this flourishing research topic. We introduce a new model of $mathcal {S}RC$ in a fusion of soft set theory $mathcal {S}ST$ and rough set depending on covering $mathcal {C}RS$ . We put forth a definition of soft rough covering approximation space $mathcal {S}CAS$ via neighborhood concept. Some axiomatic systems of our model of $mathcal {S}RC$ are discussed. We study the relationship between our model of $mathcal {S}RC$ and three other $mathcal {S}RC$ -models. An algorithm for reduction of the attributes of the information systems using $mathcal {S}CAS$ is established. Based on the theoretical discussion, we set forth some applications of our model which will be helpful in decision making process via $mathcal {S}RC$ theory.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid modeling design patterns 混合建模设计模式
IF 2.6
Journal of Mathematics in Industry Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1186/s13362-024-00141-0
Maja Rudolph, Stefan Kurz, Barbara Rakitsch
{"title":"Hybrid modeling design patterns","authors":"Maja Rudolph, Stefan Kurz, Barbara Rakitsch","doi":"10.1186/s13362-024-00141-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-024-00141-0","url":null,"abstract":"Design patterns provide a systematic way to convey solutions to recurring modeling challenges. This paper introduces design patterns for hybrid modeling, an approach that combines modeling based on first principles with data-driven modeling techniques. While both approaches have complementary advantages there are often multiple ways to combine them into a hybrid model, and the appropriate solution will depend on the problem at hand. In this paper, we provide four base patterns that can serve as blueprints for combining data-driven components with domain knowledge into a hybrid approach. In addition, we also present two composition patterns that govern the combination of the base patterns into more complex hybrid models. Each design pattern is illustrated by typical use cases from application areas such as climate modeling, engineering, and physics.","PeriodicalId":44012,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematics in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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