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Analysis of the impacts of safeguard actions: Evidence from Turkey 保障措施影响分析:来自土耳其的证据
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.03.002
Volkan Sezgin Ph.D.
{"title":"Analysis of the impacts of safeguard actions: Evidence from Turkey","authors":"Volkan Sezgin Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article analyses Turkey's safeguard (SG) actions using a renovated approach to the measurement of the impacts of the SG duties with empirical application introduced by Bown and McCulloch (2004). We examine the trade impacts of 16 safeguard duties, covering 52 different 4 and 6-digit Harmonized System (HS) product categories, implemented by Turkey between 2003 and 2013, and we aim to reveal whether these measures had discriminatory impacts on those trading partners, whose imports represented a threat to the domestic importing industry. Since Turkish applications of SGs vary widely in terms of their duration, target markets and forms, this makes Turkey an interesting case study for 2003–2013 period, as Turkey mostly used SG applications based on additional financial obligations, not in the form of quotas after 2014. The empirical methodology is based on the approach introduced by Bown and McCulloch (2004), which serves as an attempt to approximate dynamic specifications in the context of cross-sectional data. Our findings show that the SGs applied by Turkey during the period of 2003–2013 effectively had a discriminatory impact on imports from major trading partners, and quotas and tariff rate quotas were more effective than tariffs for restricting imports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S130307012200004X/pdfft?md5=631dbc9723b8d1bc77777d69810d6252&pid=1-s2.0-S130307012200004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73106022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors determining the location decision: Analysis of location choice preferences of the ICI-1000 companies with the nested logit model 区位决策的影响因素:基于嵌套logit模型的ICI-1000企业区位选择偏好分析
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.03.001
Büşra Akın , Ümit K. Seyfettinoğlu
{"title":"Factors determining the location decision: Analysis of location choice preferences of the ICI-1000 companies with the nested logit model","authors":"Büşra Akın ,&nbsp;Ümit K. Seyfettinoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to analyze the location decisions of the manufacturing industry companies in the ICI Top 500 and Second Top 500 Industrial Enterprises (ICI-1000) for the year 2018. The location choice model developed accordingly is based on the assumption that companies choose the location of their production facilities with “the goal of profit maximization, and that this decision is influenced by both internal (company-specific) and external (sectoral and regional) factors”. The empirical analysis is conducted utilizing the nested logit estimation method and a large data set containing information on 909 manufacturing industry companies among ICI-1000, sub-sectors and location alternatives. The results support the views of Neoclassical and Institutional location approaches. The location decisions of the companies are affected by the characteristics specific to the company, sector and location. The ICI-1000 companies in the study tend to locate in areas with high market power and market growth, qualified and abundant labor, high sectoral growth and diversity and good geographical and physical conditions. The impact of these factors on company location preferences varies depending on the technological intensity of the industry in which they operate (high/low). Companies operating in high-tech (high, medium-high, medium-low) sectors choose places with a diversified and deepened labor pool, sectoral diversity and knowledge diffusion. On the other hand, the effect of specialization that emerged with localization economies is crucial in the location decisions of companies in low-tech sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 57-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070122000038/pdfft?md5=46852250dfcbac40fdec2ddcf5faf0b5&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070122000038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77659421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Consumer loan rate dispersion and the role of competition: Evidence from Turkish banking industry 消费贷款利率分散与竞争作用:来自土耳其银行业的证据
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.01.001
Selva Bahar Baziki , Yavuz Kılıç , Muhammed Hasan Yılmaz
{"title":"Consumer loan rate dispersion and the role of competition: Evidence from Turkish banking industry","authors":"Selva Bahar Baziki ,&nbsp;Yavuz Kılıç ,&nbsp;Muhammed Hasan Yılmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the degree of dispersion in the loan pricing of commercial banks and its association with competitive conditions in the banking industry of a large emerging economy. To quantify the lending rate variability in consumer loans, we utilize a new indexation mechanism exploiting a detailed bank-level dataset for the period January 2007–April 2020. With panel convergence methods, we show the existence of heterogeneity in long-term co-movements among banks' loan pricing, while periods following the tightening in financial conditions display short-term deviations from general tendencies as demonstrated by dispersion indices. Our empirical design also entails the construction of competition indicators for aggregated and consumer segment-based credit market developments. Quantile regression results validate that the improvements in industry competition are related to the lower level of lending rate dispersion in housing and vehicle segments in a statistically significant manner, whereas an opposite relationship is evident for general-purpose loans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 27-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070122000014/pdfft?md5=1e17e7b8f74111019bfcdd0a2de776c8&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070122000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137278080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potential growth in Turkey: Sources and trends 土耳其的潜在增长:来源和趋势
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.01.002
Orhun Sevinç , Ufuk Demiroğlu , Emre Çakır , E. Meltem Baştan
{"title":"Potential growth in Turkey: Sources and trends","authors":"Orhun Sevinç ,&nbsp;Ufuk Demiroğlu ,&nbsp;Emre Çakır ,&nbsp;E. Meltem Baştan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper estimates potential growth in Turkey using a production function estimation approach. Our approach aims to measure the inputs of production in the most detailed fashion that is possible and empirically addresses concepts of sustainable potential growth for Turkey. While developing measures of the sources of potential growth, we provide a thorough discussion of the estimated trends in labor force participation, capital growth by asset type, and total factor productivity since the mid-2000s. Our results suggest that the key driver of potential growth has increasingly been capital accumulation. The declining trend in the positive TFP growth stands out as the key area of improvement for potential growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070122000026/pdfft?md5=bec2eb21219c4f83929049c3d46eb00f&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070122000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90536350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Can central bank speeches predict financial market turbulence? Evidence from an adaptive NLP sentiment index analysis using XGBoost machine learning technique 央行讲话能预测金融市场动荡吗?使用XGBoost机器学习技术的自适应NLP情绪指数分析的证据
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.002
Anastasios Petropoulos, Vasilis Siakoulis
{"title":"Can central bank speeches predict financial market turbulence? Evidence from an adaptive NLP sentiment index analysis using XGBoost machine learning technique","authors":"Anastasios Petropoulos,&nbsp;Vasilis Siakoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Central Bank speeches usually function as aggregators of internal quantitative and qualitative analysis of the institutions regarding the macro economy, the monetary policy and the health of the financial systems. Speeches usually function as a summary of the current status of a countries economic health, the undergoing trends and some future perspectives of the global economy. In this study departing from classical econometrics we employ natural language processing technologies in combination with machine learning techniques in order to filter out the most important signals in the corpus of speeches and translate into a sentiment index for forecasting the future financial markets behaviour. In our analysis, it is evident that central banker's expectations on economy tend to exhibit a predictive ability for financial markets turmoil. Using a combination of dictionaries which are either predefined or build based on historical speeches of the corpus we train an Extreme Gradient Boosting model that generates a sentiment index which signals turmoil with acceptable accuracy when passing a specific threshold.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 141-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070121000329/pdfft?md5=8282b5122d51e90542e902eb362fe52a&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070121000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77116489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Liquidity transformation, collateral assets and counterparties 流动性转化,抵押资产和交易对手
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.09.001
Calebe de Roure , Nick McLaren
{"title":"Liquidity transformation, collateral assets and counterparties","authors":"Calebe de Roure ,&nbsp;Nick McLaren","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate if the Bank of England's liquidity facilities encourage some counterparties to participate more than others and if the use of some collateral assets is promoted more than others. Between 2010 and 2016, there was regular usage of two facilities: Indexed Long-Term Repos (ILTR) and the Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS). We show that participation in ILTR is consistent with safe counterparties using the facilities to meet their liquidity needs. Collateral assets used for FLS are less liquid. Riskier and larger institutions are more likely to pre-position collateral in the FLS, but these counterparties do not subsequently draw upon FLS more than others do.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070121000305/pdfft?md5=eca44c9ae0de723d5d7313ad45dd1e2c&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070121000305-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136932436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Covid 19 and the Turkish labor market: Heterogeneous effects across demographic groups 2019冠状病毒病与土耳其劳动力市场:不同人口群体的异质性影响
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.003
Altan Aldan, Muhammet Enes Çıraklı, Huzeyfe Torun
{"title":"Covid 19 and the Turkish labor market: Heterogeneous effects across demographic groups","authors":"Altan Aldan,&nbsp;Muhammet Enes Çıraklı,&nbsp;Huzeyfe Torun","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to detect the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on several labor market indicators and to identify the heterogeneity of these effects across different demographic groups in the Turkish labor market. To this aim, we use the quarterly Turkish household labor force surveys which cover the period between 2005 and 2020. We find that pandemic decreased employment and labor force participation of almost all groups. The effect on women was more prominent in comparison with men. We also find heterogeneity with respect to age. Finally, our results show that the least educated were more negatively affected by the pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070121000330/pdfft?md5=4e1f06d1858f7f1efb9db006340eac94&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070121000330-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89019502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The impacts of international capital flows on household credits 国际资本流动对家庭信贷的影响
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.001
Bilal Çayır
{"title":"The impacts of international capital flows on household credits","authors":"Bilal Çayır","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the association between international capital flows (foreign direct investment and portfolio investments) and household credits using quarterly data for Turkey from 2005 to 2020. The Turkish financial market is a suitable sample due to Turkey's highly open economic structure to global markets and because of the country's strong demand dynamics. This study also employs a set of control variables in line with the existing literature and country-specific dynamics that might be related with household credit growth. Empirical findings show that (1) there is a unidirectional causal linkage from FDI and interest rates to household credits, (2) FDI and portfolio investments positively affect household credits in the long-run, (3) short-term results suggest a negative relationship between FDI and credit growth and (4), based on the results from the error correction model, a deviation in the household credit market is stabilized by 23.6% each quarter in order to achieve long-run equilibrium. The overall results of this study suggest that encouraging FDI inflows and thus accelerating the technological transformation of domestic markets may contribute to the development of the household credit market and indirectly to the welfare of households in Turkey.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1303070121000317/pdfft?md5=2d710c66191bed4810042ee27a4aeed4&pid=1-s2.0-S1303070121000317-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79654793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Heterogeneous provincial prices and monetary policy in South Africa: A wavelet-based quantile regression analysis 南非异质性省级价格与货币政策:基于小波的分位数回归分析
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.06.001
Abdul-Aziz Iddrisu , Imhotep Paul Alagidede
{"title":"Heterogeneous provincial prices and monetary policy in South Africa: A wavelet-based quantile regression analysis","authors":"Abdul-Aziz Iddrisu ,&nbsp;Imhotep Paul Alagidede","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although economic agents in different parts of a country face heterogeneous prices, empirical literature continue to assume homogeneity in the monetary policy-inflation nexus, with dire consequences for optimal monetary policy and welfare. Using wavelet-based quantile regressions, we provide a multi-layered asymmetric exposition on provincial inflation-monetary policy relationship in South Africa. We find that whiles restrictive monetary policy delivers stability in the prices of Gauteng, Mpumalanga and North West provinces, it is destabilizing for prices in Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces. The findings are mixed, for Free State province, depending on the time horizon and quantiles. Our findings present enormous policy and welfare implications, given the inflation targeting status of South Africa and the economic disparities among the provinces of the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 87-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89230395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Domestic demand and exports: Evidence from Turkish firms 国内需求和出口:来自土耳其公司的证据
IF 2.8
Central Bank Review Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.07.001
Selçuk Gül
{"title":"Domestic demand and exports: Evidence from Turkish firms","authors":"Selçuk Gül","doi":"10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the relationship between real domestic sales and real exports for Turkish manufacturing firms. Dynamic panel data estimations based on firm-level data for the period 2004–2014 suggest that the two variables are substitutes. Other factors held constant, we estimate that a 10 percent decline in real domestic sales is associated with around 2.7 percent increase in real exports, on average. However, this relationship varies among manufacturing sub-sectors which are defined according to 2-digit NACE classification. Results indicate that substitutability between domestic and foreign sales is stronger for export-oriented, low-leveraged and younger firms and firms that operate in sectors whose exports are less import-dependent. Besides, the degree of substitution between the two variables significantly rises when domestic demand conditions are weak. This shows that exporter firms in the Turkish manufacturing industry can shift from domestic to international markets as a response to domestic demand shocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43998,"journal":{"name":"Central Bank Review","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92051608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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