Clinical Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Adaptation of the WHO Hand Hygiene Observation Form for Application in Optometry Training Facilities.","authors":"Susarah Maria Richter,&nbsp;Tobias George Barnard","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S304315","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTO.S304315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The link between hand and surface hygiene and the spread of disease has been reported by various studies and understanding the appropriate use of hand hygiene is important in healthcare. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the \"My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene\" model to educate healthcare workers about the importance of hand hygiene to stop the spread of disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this paper were to determine if the WHO Hand Hygiene Observation Form could be used to monitor for hand and personal hygiene practices of Optometry students, and what their actual hygiene practices are in an Optometry training facility in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was performed at an Optometry training facility in South Africa using third (n=32) and fourth year (n=39) students. The Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health Care Workers by the WHO was used to determine their knowledge regarding hand hygiene. After completing the questionnaire, participants were observed in the clinic while consulting patients to determine the hand and surface hygiene practices they apply.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The WHO hand hygiene observation rubric was not appropriate to evaluate hand and surface hygiene in Optometry facilities. The adapted observation rubric created was a better tool to evaluate student hygiene practices and was able to record which hand or surface hygiene were missed when presented with such opportunities. Although 90.1% of the students knew that germs could be transferred to the patients via hands, only 46.5% routinely used an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This observation rubric developed during this study can assist in creating awareness with students about their own hand and surface hygiene deficiencies when interacting with patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8c/89/opto-13-227.PMC8315776.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39257733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midday Fogging of Scleral Contact Lenses: Current Perspectives.","authors":"Jennifer Swingle Fogt","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S284634","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTO.S284634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Midday fogging is a common problem in scleral lens wear, as particles accumulate in the tear reservoir between the posterior surface of the lens and the front of the ocular surface during wear. As particulate waste collects, symptoms of blurred vision and discomfort arise, typically leading patients to remove their lenses for cleaning, refilling with fresh solution, and reinsertion into the eye. The appearance of the particulate can vary, likely due to different causes for midday fogging. Studies which attempted to identify the particulate have given some insight into some of the causes, but larger studies are needed to identify this debris. Research on lens solutions used for filling the lens reservoir and of various aspects of scleral lens fits have also begun to culminate in the concept that midday fogging may ultimately be related to inflammation. Since scleral lens wearers can have varied and multiple sources of inflammation, strategies in minimizing midday fogging can differ between patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/a3/opto-13-209.PMC8311169.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Refractive Error Among Public High School Students in Gondar City.","authors":"Natnael Lakachew Assefa, Melkamu Temeselew Tegegn, Sara Yirgalem Wolde","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S322438","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTO.S322438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Refractive error (RE) is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Lack of knowledge and unfavorable attitude of refractive error can have long-term consequences and dramatic effects in children and adults, such as loss of educational and employment opportunities, loss of economic gain for individuals, families, and societies, and impaired quality of life.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of refractive error among public high school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 public high school students. Those participants were selected by applying a systematic random sampling technique with an interval of 4. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.0 and exported into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results were described using tables and text.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 390 study participants were included in this study with a 92.4% response rate. The overall proportion of good knowledge and a favorable attitude towards a refractive error were 53.8% and 52.1%, respectively. From the study participants, 38.7%, 41.7%, and 64.1% did not know the definition, the risk factors, and the symptoms of refractive error, respectively. Moreover, about 31.3% of the participants believed that wearing spectacle could damage their eyes, whereas 44.1% of the participants agreed with the need for spectacle correction for young people with RE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion of good knowledge and a favorable attitude towards refractive error among public high school students were fair. We recommended that eye care practitioners be committed to increasing the knowledge and attitude of students towards refractive error through eye health education to reduce visual impairment due to refractive error.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/6e/opto-13-201.PMC8309654.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Investigation of the Effect of Hyperglycemic Changes on Psychophysical Measurements of Visual Function in Pseudophakic People Living with Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Lindokuhle Majola,&nbsp;Alvin J Munsamy","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S284490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTO.S284490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to show the effect of increasing blood glucose level (BGL) on psychophysical visual function represents by visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in pseudophakic people living with diabetes (PDM).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This was quasi-experimental, quantitative study using a pretest-posttest approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at Gamalakhe community health centre located in Gamalakhe township and included a sample of 50 pseudophakic people living without diabetes mellitus (PWDM) and 50 pseudophakic PDM. BGL as well as psychophysical measurements of visual function were measured preprandial and postprandial. Visual acuity (VA) was measured at distance (4 m) and near (40 cm) using logMAR VA charts, and contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured at 50 cm using a Mars chart. The data collected were captured and subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glycemic changes measured preprandial and postprandial observed a mean increase of 2.06±1.35 mmol/L (<i>p</i>=0.350) and 1.08±0.47 mmol/L (<i>p</i>=0.291) in pseudophakia PDM and pseudophakic PWDM, respectively. CS showed a mean increase of 0.01±0.10 (<i>p</i>=0.23) and 0.002±0.02 (<i>p</i>=0.19) log units in PDM and PWDM, respectively; however, the independent <i>t</i>-test showed this was insignificant between PDM and PWDM (<i>p</i>=0.27). A insignificant mean increase of 0.01±0.04 log units (<i>p</i>=0.25) and 0.001±0.01 (<i>p</i>=0.32) in distance VA of pseudophakic PDM and PWDM was found, respectively. A mean increase of 0.001±0.01 log units (<i>p</i>=0.32) and 0.01±0.03 (<i>p</i>=0.06) near logMAR VA of pseudophakic PDM and PWDM was found, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute hyperglycemic changes do not result in overall significant changes in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in pseudophakic PDM and PWDM for an increase in glycemia of 2 mmol/L. We recommend studies investigate if changes occur for glycemic increases exceeding 2 mmol/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/b7/opto-13-191.PMC8309657.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Agreement Between a Computerized Stereoscopic Game Test and the TNO Stereoacuity Test.","authors":"Juan Antonio Portela-Camino,&nbsp;Santiago Martín-González,&nbsp;Javier Ruiz-Alcocer,&nbsp;Igor Illarramendi-Mendicute,&nbsp;Rafaela Garrido-Mercado","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S308445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTO.S308445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stereo-anomaly is commonly associated with amblyopia. An investigation was conducted to determine whether the measurements of stereoacuity obtained with the stereoacuity reference test (TNO Test) show an agreement with a computer stereoscope video game.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two subjects (mean age 9.37±2.00 years) with an amblyopia history were selected for a blind and randomized study of stereoacuity improvement through a new random dot game. A masked examiner measured the stereoacuity three times per subject using the TNO test (at the beginning, at the end and after 6 months of the treatment). A second masked examiner measured stereoacuity using the new computerized game after the TNO masked evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pearson's correlation coefficient one test against the other was r² = 0.767 and the Bland-Altman plot was r²= 0.069 (mean difference -0.03 log sec). Using three categories: poor (840-300 seconds of arc), coarse (480-210 seconds of arc) and moderate-fine stereoacuity (210-30 seconds of arc). Positive predictive values were 89.5% for moderate-fine; 72.7% for coarse; and 90.0% for poor stereoacuity. In addition, the agreement was evaluated using the Kappa coefficient (K= 0.743) with a 0.95 confidence interval and lower and upper Kappa limits were (0.628 and 0.858), respectively. Kappa coefficient and limits were still good when analyzing data before (K =0.663, 0.420 and 0.906) and after the treatment (K= 0.765, 0.632 and 0.899).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Computerized Stereoscopic Game test allows the measure of stereoacuity. It can be used for both the purpose of detecting stereo vision deficits or tracking stereo vision development.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/96/opto-13-181.PMC8275165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39188969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratoconus Epidemiology Presentations at Najran Province, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Khaled Alzahrani, Ali Al-Rashah, Salem Al-Salem, Yahya Al-Murdif, Abdalaziz Al-Rashah, Alhassan Alrashah, Noura Al-Faify, Mohammed Ibrahim","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S309651","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTO.S309651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our study aims to produce an estimation of the keratoconus disease epidemiology and important demographic factors in disease presentation in Najran city in the south of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Keratoconus patients between 9 and 29 years of age at the eye clinic of King Khaled General Hospital in Najran Province with a confirmed diagnosis of keratoconus were recruited over one year period. Visual acuity, keratometry, corneal thickness and demographic data were collected and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The keratoconus prevalence in Najran Province was found to be 87.3 cases per 100,000 people with an incidence of 28.47 per 100,000 cases. The disease presented more frequently in male patients (67.9%) with a statistically significant difference in the mean age between genders (p=0.014). Most cases presented at a moderate stage, and almost half of the cases reported a family history of the disease. There were statistically significant differences in best visual acuity and corneal thickness between genders (p<0.05). The majority of the cases were managed with contact lenses (56.08%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic and environmental factors could have a substantial role in the increased rate of keratoconus presentation in Najran Province. Screening programmes should dedicate more attention to late presentation to improve prevention and early detection. More studies on keratoconus epidemiology in Saudi Arabia are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/e3/opto-13-175.PMC8166355.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Occupational Ocular Injury and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.","authors":"Hirut Gebremeskel Mengistu,&nbsp;Destaye Shiferaw Alemu,&nbsp;Yezinash Addis Alimaw,&nbsp;Betelhem Temesgen Yibekal","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S290257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTO.S290257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the prevalence of occupational ocular injury and associated factors among small-scale industry workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 542 manufacturing and construction workers in Gondar town from April 23 to May 4, 2019. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data using face-to-face interview. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with occupational ocular injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 542 small-scale industry workers participated with a 95.1% response rate. The prevalence of occupational ocular injury was 31.4% (95% CI, 27.2-35.5). Employment pattern (temporary workers) (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.14-2.95), health and safety training (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.06-4.66), non-use of eye safety device (AOR: 7.43, 95% CI: 4.44-12.43), and job category (woodwork (AOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97)), and brickwork (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.08-7.21) had statistically significant with occupational ocular injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed the prevalence of occupational ocular injury among small-scale industry workers was 31.4%. Iron chips are the most common agent responsible for the injury. Type of employment, having health and safety training, use of eye safety devices, and job category had a significant association with occupational ocular injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/1f/opto-13-167.PMC8163616.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearing Pattern and Awareness About Contact Lens Wear in Secondary School Students in Kuala Lumpur.","authors":"Bariah Mohd-Ali, NorAisyah Azmi","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S277786","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTO.S277786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the wearing pattern and awareness about contact lens care among secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study using self-administered validated questionnaires. A total of 2500 questionnaires were distributed to secondary school students (aged 13 to 18 years) from 5 selected schools in Kuala Lumpur. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 987 completed questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The response rate was 39.5%. Mean age of respondents was 15.5±2.5 years with 54.6% females. Around 9.9% of the respondents were contact lens wearers with female majority (78.6%) and the main reasons for wearing contact lenses were cosmesis (42.8%) and comfort (32.7%). Majority (92.2%) were soft contact lens wearers and daily wear (monthly disposable) is the preferred modality. Nevertheless, 42.4% purchased their lenses from unlicensed vendors and 18.4% rinsed their lenses using tap water. Regarding contact lens care, more than 50% of the respondents were not aware about the correct way of handling contact lenses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Soft contact lens wear is popular among the secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur but the level of practice and knowledge about CL care are unsatisfactory. Thus, health communication strategies and aggressive public ocular health education that can influence behavior changes in teenagers are needed to overcome these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/22/opto-13-155.PMC8290190.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39210153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini-Scleral Contact Lens for Asian Eyes Post-Penetrating Keratoplasty with Smaller Palpebral Aperture: Case Reports.","authors":"Hyojin Kim,&nbsp;Tiffany Yanase Park,&nbsp;Choun-Ki Joo","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S295238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTO.S295238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the use of miniscleral contact lenses (MSCLs) with diameter of 14.7 mm for Asian eyes to improve vision in patients after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two patients with high corneal astigmatism post-PKP were evaluated for a contact lens fitting. Visual acuity, slit lamp, and anterior segment OCT findings before and after fitted the lens of 14.7 mm diameter were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Kmax of case 1 and 2 were 52.8 D and 76.9 D, respectively at the first visit. Both patients were successfully fit with MSCLs, showing adequate corneal clearance of over 250 μm with no corneal touch on OCT and sufficient limbal clearance and edge alignment. MSCLs use resulted in improved comfort and visual acuity of 20/30 or better.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSCLs with diameter of 14.7 mm can be considered a safe and effective option for patients with highly steep corneas post-PKP surgery in Asian eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/2b/opto-13-161.PMC8290849.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39210154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Amblyopia Among School Age Children at Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mebratu Mulusew Tegegne,&nbsp;Abel Sinshaw Assem,&nbsp;Yosef Antehun Merie","doi":"10.2147/OPTO.S293446","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTO.S293446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Worldwide, amblyopia prevalence among children is in the range of 0.13% to 12.9%. However, there are no known community-based data regarding amblyopia prevalence and its associated factors among school age children in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and to identify factors associated with amblyopia among school age children in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A cross-sectional study among a school age community of Bahir Dar city was conducted from April 1 to May 29, 2018. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist through interview and physical examination. Bivariable logistic regression was done, and variables with <i>p</i> value <0.2 were entered to multivariable logistic regression using SPSS 20. Variables with <i>p</i> value of <0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression were considered as significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 601 (94.8%) subjects participated. Amblyopia was prevalent in 6.5% of school age children in Bahir Dar city. The odds of being amblyopic among participants who had anisometropia >2D were about 9.3 times (AOR=9.35, CI: 2.86-30.60) more as compared to those who had no anisometropia. The odds of being amblyopic among participants having a refractive error >+5D hypermetropia were about 22 times (AOR=21.77, CI: 7.15-66.34) more as compared to participants who had no hypermetropia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of amblyopia among school age children at Bahir Dar city is higher than the World Health Organization cut point. Having anisometropia greater than 1 diopter, anisometropia >2 diopter, having anisometropia less than 1 diopter, having a history of strabismus, having a hyperopia of > +5 diopter, > +2 diopter, having a positive history of visual deprivation and having a positive history of strabismus in the family were the significant factors positively associated with amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":43701,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Optometry","volume":"13 ","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/4b/opto-13-143.PMC8140911.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39022360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}