Ukrainian Society最新文献

{"title":"Subsidies of territorial communities’ budgets as a financial mechanism for inclusive rural development","authors":"O. Rykovska","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.04.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.04.061","url":null,"abstract":"Equalising the financial capacity of different settlements and territories was in the spotlight of the state authorities at all stages of development. In the context of decentralisation and focusing on goal achievement of sustainable, inclusive development, the principles of horizontal equalisation of the tax capacity of territories were changed, and a new model of budgetary relations was introduced. The article analysed the results of the new model implementation, investigated the transfer dependence of local budgets with centres in villages, towns, and cities, and considered subsidies as a mechanism for inclusive rural development. It was determined that due to financial decentralisation and strengthening of the fiscal capacity of communities through increased tax revenue by an average of 27%, the share of subsidised local budgets decreased from 95% in the pre-reform period to 75% in 2021. It is estimated that rural territorial communities are the most transfer-dependent, and among the recipients of the basic subsidy as a tool to support the territory`s fiscal capacity, their share is 45,3 %; among township communities – 31%; and among urban communities – 21,9 %. It is substantiated that the lack of financial resources and significant dependence on central budget support is due to the weak rural labour market and the predominance of informal employment (employment without taxes). And the dispersed rural settlement network, the higher cost of services per capita, the long-term decline of infrastructure and, accordingly, the higher cost of its restoration, requires additional subventions to maintain the multifunctionality of rural areas. This underlines the need to introduce special mechanisms of financial support for villages, considering the shortcomings of previous year’s subsidies. Using the example of infrastructure subvention of territorial communities, the amount of which depended on the number of the rural population, proved that the distribution of funds is inconsistent with the principles of inclusion. Further research will focus on the financial resources of communities and the development of mechanisms for equitable distribution and use among all settlement units to enhance the inclusiveness of rural development. The new challenges caused by russian federation’s war against Ukraine will require the development of updated methods of state financial support for territorial communities. It will be based on a realistic estimate of the number of people living in communities at the end of the war, the value of destroyed and damaged property, etc. In the short term, local self-government bodies will prioritise efforts for rapid and qualitative recovery, redefining community development strategies with stronger inclusiveness and realistically estimating the number of people for whom and with the help of which the development of the country will take place.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126252651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tools for the preservation and development of the intellectual personnel potential of the industry of Ukraine","authors":"L. Deineko, E. Sheludko, M. Zavgorodnia, L. V. Galaіeva","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.084","url":null,"abstract":"The problems associated with the total loss of the industrial potential of Ukraine, caused by the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, have deepened even more due to the intensification of migration processes and the outflow of professional personnel. The most important lever of the post-war recovery of the industry should be the rational realization of its most valuable capital – the intellectual resource. Therefore, the issue of preserving, consolidating, and developing the intellectual potential of industry has become an acute issue for our country today. The article examines the problems and peculiarities of the intellectual personnel potential development of Ukraine’s industry, exacerbated by the collapse of industrial production, the loss of qualified workers, the strengthening of migration processes, the lagging of professional education from modern production requirements, the decline in the prestige of engineering professions, and the non-availability of the priority of the STEM approach in national professional education. The authors focus on the rapid development of technologies, which increases the requirements for acquiring modern knowledge, professional qualifications, competencies, and the opportunity to receive life-long education. Ukraine’s European integration progress needs to consider the foreign experience of cooperation between education and business to improve the qualifications of personnel and support the intellectual personnel resource in implementating the policy for the development of STEM disciplines and the involvement of young people in national programs to eliminate gaps in skills and knowledge. The subject of the study is the development of proposals for state bodies regarding the preservation, consolidation, and development of the intellectual resource of industry in the post-war reconstruction of the country. The purpose of this publication is to determine how to preserve and develop the intellectual personnel potential for the post-war recovery of the industry, considering the implementation of Ukraine’s European integration aspirations regarding the development of personnel competencies, skills, and abilities.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional responsibilities of the principal of the general secondary education institution in the conditions of war","authors":"О. М. Dikova-Favorska","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.117","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the online survey conducted among school principals, the paper demonstrates the main problems when making management decisions in an extreme situation caused by the war in Ukraine. The author identified social risks and unforeseen challenges faced by principals of the Ukrainian general secondary education institutions (GSEI) when performing their functional duties during the war. It was revealed that in the current situation, the school principals fulfil not only traditional functions oforganizing the educational process but also new ones, determined by the current situation, i.e., guaranteeing the safety of all process participants; ensuring their all-round support, legally accurate registration of educational activities in wartime conditions, etc. It is shown that the change in the functionality of the general secondary education institutions principal under the influence of certain events and public requests is not an accidental phenomenon caused by the current war situation but is more a historical regularity inherent in the development of Ukrainian education from the very origins of its creation. The paper demonstrates that the list of functions and competencies defined by the professional standard “Principal of a general secondary education institution” did not cover the entire scope of processes provided by the head of the general secondary education institutions, their managerial actions in extreme situations, that is, the implementation of the crisis-resolving function, which requires appropriate training. In this regard, the results of the conducted research allow us to see that in the current situation of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of sovereign Ukraine, school leaders need enhanced legal training, deepening of financial literacy, psychological and other types of support. Recommendations have been developed for bringing the training in the system of advanced training of the heads of the general secondary education institutions to new demands, caused by the need to deepen knowledge for making effective management decisions in war conditions, in particular, regarding the strengthening of the legal component of training plans; introduction of training courses with working out cases of sharing one’s own experience in solving non-intersecting issues in particular situations; preparation for work in extreme situations as a core component of the block of psychological disciplines; deepening of financial awareness in conditions of funding uncertainty; familiarization with fundraising, the need for which became acute during the war and will remain relevant in the post-war conditions of recovery of the country’s economy; the expediency of developing an innovative course to strengthen the formation of national identity, national stability, loyalty and the value field of the Ukrainian people not through the traditional transfer of knowledge about historical facts and the literary works, but through awa","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127290634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attracting individual investors to the stock market of Ukraine: technologies and tools","authors":"S. Shyshkov","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"The author discovered that individual (retail or mass) investors are becoming increasingly significant participants in world financial markets due to globalisation, simplification of cross-border movement of capital, technological measures to ensure direct access to trades, growth of savings and financial awareness of the population in most countries of the world, reduction of tariffs and transaction costs, expansion of the range of liquid financial instruments, and strengthening of information transparency of capital markets. It was established that in Ukraine, despite certain positive developments, regarding the activation of public investments in government bonds and the gradual movement towards the application of the technological experience of developed markets, many problems make it challenging to attract individual investors to the stock market and increase their confidence in the market tools. The paper states that certain problems (in particular, limited financial resources or low financial literacy of the population) are systemic and can be eliminated only with the general development of the national economy and capital markets. The need to reduce the financial and regulatory burden on issuers and financial intermediaries is well-founded since the supervision of non-public issuers only scatters the resources of the state and market participants, increases transaction costs, and does not provide real incentives for the development of the non-state securities market. The author emphasises the need to eliminate Ukraine’s significant lag behind developed capital markets regarding settlement infrastructure development and simplifying operations for individual investors. Considering the practice of tax relief for the investment income of individuals from transactions with state securities, the paper proposes the feasibility of introducing similar benefits for investors in securities of issuers that have been made public.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional aspects of involving rural communities to the inclusive development of territorial communities","authors":"I. Prokopa","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.106","url":null,"abstract":"The post-war reconstruction of Ukraine should include not only the reconstruction of infrastructure destroyed and damaged during hostilities, material objects of the industrial and social spheres, and all other aspects of the return of the population to a full life in peaceful conditions but also the improvement of social relations, particularly, relations between authorities and self-government and the population. In this context, the continuation of the decentralisation reform should lead to the completion of the formation of conditions under which residents of all settlements, which are part of territorial communities, could influence the resolution of issues of their life activities. The article aims to highlight the institutional limitations for the inclusive development of rural communities related to the representation and implementation of their interests in territorial communities and to justify proposals for overcoming them. Research methods were used: logical-historical (when highlighting the controversy of the process of establishing the institute of starosty (local leader), dialectical and abstract-logical (when analysing the institutional limitations for realising the interests of rural communities as part of territorial communities and substantiating the direction of their overcoming), monographic (when analysing the composition starosty districts). The author reveals the manifestations of the centralisation of local self-government functions at the level of territorial communities, which resulted in narrowing the rights of residents of rural settlements, especially small and remote ones, to representation and participation in solving their problems. The paper establishes the presence of starosty districts with many villages and, accordingly, limited conditions for developing rural communities. The manuscript describes the Polish experience of organising inclusive local self-government at the lower level of the administrative-territorial system and substantiates the expediency of its fuller use in Ukraine: the central place here should belong to the endowment of starosty districts, disaggregated to the level of settlement (in particular, rural) communities, with certain powers to solve their livelihoods problems and the right to use local resources. The study results can be used to improve local self-government reform in the post-war period.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122155511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social quality policy: theory and international approaches in the context of the Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction task","authors":"T. Burlay, D. Dmytruk, V. Kostrytsia, R. Levin","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the expediency of the formation and implementation of post-war Ukraine state policy under the basics of the social quality scientific concept, used to improve the social parameters of the European Union development. The authors discuss the general theoretical basis of the social quality concept, the essential milestones of its development, key foundations and concepts, and the approaches proposed by the UN Economic and Social Council, the UN Economic Commission for Europe, the International Labour Organization, the International Association on Social Quality to ensure modern societies’ social quality of life, its quantitative and qualitative assessment. Attention is focused on the expediency of the post-war introduction of the social quality approach into the system of state administration of Ukraine, which can help politicians and citizens to rethink the strategy of Ukrainian society development in the European direction based on socio-economic security, social cohesion, social inclusion, guaranteed social opportunities, and to root social values of equality, solidarity, social justice, and human dignity. The authors determined the relevance of the need to adapt the international approaches of social quality to the implementation in the functioning and development of Ukraine’s public administration system in the reconstruction of post-war Ukraine, focusing primarily on overcoming the consequences of the war. The paper shows the critical importance of the efforts that Ukraine has made since the beginning of the war to support the institutional and financial sustainability of the national social protection system and the implementation of state policy measures to promote employment and prevent the destruction of the national labour market. It is argued that the introduction into the system of public administration of post-war Ukraine of the concept of social quality adapted to domestic conditions should contribute to the “social contract” to gradually find a reasonable balance between two priorities: simultaneous increase of efforts to systematically eliminate threats of external aggression and accelerated restoration of the national socio-economic space on the principles of sustainable, inclusive development.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129287136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Russian-Ukrainian war: theory and practice of sociological understanding","authors":"T. Lapan, O. S. Khymovych, N. Chernysh","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the main problematic issues in the formation of sociological discourse regarding the Russian-Ukrainian war. Attempts have been made to provide scientific answers to new challenges related to war, which appear much more slowly compared to media ones. The opinion that the issue of war becomes relevant only when a real war appears, and not its potential threat, is substantiated. It is outlined that war in world history is the norm, peace is rather an exception. It was determined that the fragile nature of peace and the constant military threat from Russia (now and in the future) poses the task of preventive and permanent, on a systematic basis, their research and analysis. A conceptual scheme for distinguishing two branches of sociological knowledge regarding military issues in the form of the sociology of war and the sociology of the army is proposed. Adaptation of N.J. Smelser’s four-level model of sociological analysis to the study of war and the army according to two criteria was carried out. It is argued that these four levels require their specification both theoretically and in selecting appropriate methods of empirical studies of the problems of war in general and the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. A generalized table of empirical studies implemented by the country’s leading sociological centres since the beginning of the acute phase of Russian aggression is presented, with the conclusion of a significant predominance of the macro level of their implementation and the dominant use of quantitative methods. Subjects of scientific research on the other three levels of sociological analysis are proposed. Examples of international research projects by the YouGov company regarding assessing the level of assistance to Ukrainian refugees are given. The results of research conducted in Ukraine and Russia in parallel are presented, as it makes it possible to analyse the mirroring of the situation both in Ukraine and in the society of the aggressor country. It was found that the majority of studies carried out in Ukraine during a large-scale war reveal only certain aspects of modern war and the army (assessment of the level of trust in the armed forces, support for the president’s actions, citizens’ readiness to defend the Motherland, foreign policy orientations, social adaptation of the population, the level of their stress resistance etc.), which currently does not allow for the formation of a coherent architecture of sociological knowledge in the outlined stream. Based on research carried out during Russia’s large-scale aggression in Ukraine, the main thematic blocks have been identified, and their importance in the foundations of the sociology of war and the sociology of the army has been revealed. It is concluded that war is a complicated phenomenon for its professional understanding in sociology in the situation of its multi-paradigmity, therefore, the existing developments require professional discussion and effective disc","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128965425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who is suffering gender-based violence in Ukraine? A snapshot of domestic violence during war and a global pandemic","authors":"L. Iesue, O. Lozovska, A. Timmer, A. Jawaid","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.052","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that the risk for violent victimisation, including various forms of abuse and sexual violence, is high among individuals forced to leave their homes due to wars, humanitarian emergencies, and violent conflicts. Unfortunately, little is known about such critical issue as domestic violence within the home, as most research on humanitarian crises covers violence outside the home. Given that the home remains one of the most dangerous places for vulnerable individuals during wartime, it is crucial to address who is most vulnerable to becoming a victim of domestic violence in current war-torn societies such as Ukraine. Further, it is imperative to understand the characteristics of domestic violence at the “intersection” of war and a global pandemic. We use primary, self-reported survey data from an international research project entitled “A Cross-National Study of the Global Pandemic, Deviance and Health” to provide a snapshot of domestic violence in the current Ukrainian society and analyse the characteristics of self-reported domestic violence, both psychological and physical, which has been taking place during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and a global pandemic. Specifically, this study addresses the following research questions: What are the levels of domestic violence (both physical and psychological abuse) when it happens at the time of “intersection” between war and a pandemic? Who is the most likely to become a victim of domestic violence in this unique situation? Results from logistic regression models reveal that, compared to single individuals in Ukraine, people who cohabitate with their partners are at a higher risk of psychological abuse, while being married emerges as a “protective” factor against physical abuse. Additionally, having a higher SES significantly reduces the risk of psychological abuse from an intimate partner. Notably, in contrast with prior research, our results show that men’s odds of experiencing physical abuse are higher. Explanations for these unique findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digest of U-Report surveys: 3rd quarter of 2022 (return of Ukrainians from abroad, human trafficking, waste management)","authors":"V. S. Demchuk","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.03.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.03.130","url":null,"abstract":"The results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for July – September 2022: return of Ukrainians from abroad, human trafficking, waste management.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132836396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archetypic fundamentals of legal ideology of Ukrainian society","authors":"M. P. Nediukha","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.02.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.02.076","url":null,"abstract":"The archetypal principles of the legal ideology of Ukrainian society at two primary levels of its functioning are substantiated – everyday (emotional-volitional) and theoretical-legal as a reflection of Myth and Logos. This allowed the author to consider legal ideology as a systemic unity of two inextricably linked components – mass moods, emotions, expectations and experiences, on the one hand, and a set of legal ideas, theories, views and norms that reflect, evaluate and target the process of social change, contribute to strengthening the legitimate foundations of the functioning of the state and society, ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms, positioning the country in Europe and the world, on the other hand. These components form, respectively, the lower and upper levels of manifestation of the essence of legal ideology as a reflection and meaningful embodiment of the Logos and Myth, Freedom and Good, Word, Chaos and Order as defining archetypes of the Ukrainian people. Archetypal principles of existence of the Ukrainian ethnos are embodied in rational, emotional, scientific, and psychological components of legal ideology as components of a holistic theoretical and legal phenomenon. The archetypal principles of the legal ideology of Ukrainian society prove the dissimilarity of state-corporate and municipal law as entities with different subjective definiteness and different functional purposes. This emphasizes the importance of ensuring the conditions of their complementarity within a single state: public administration as a purposeful rational activity must be balanced by the self-organizing potential of territorial communities following the archetypes of the Logos and Myth. The archetypal principles of the legal ideology of Ukrainian society allow us to state that Ukraine must become a democratic country of equal opportunities following the mental, socio-cultural, geopolitical, and geographical features of the ethnic group that gave the name to the state.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116165702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}