Advances in Autism最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the early signs of ASD in preschool children in the UAE as a model for GCC countries","authors":"Omniah AlQahtani, M. Efstratopoulou","doi":"10.1108/aia-07-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-07-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children’s early years significantly impacts their academic performance and future life. It allows them to receive special support services and the required early intervention. Preschool teachers spend considerable time with their students, which allows them to observe their behaviors in different settings like classrooms and playgrounds. However, teachers need to be knowledgeable of ASD early assessment to detect them. Whereas, all well-known ASD assessment tools are designed for populations from different cultures than the Gulf Cooperation Councils' (GCC) culture. This study emphasizes the importance of preschool age, from 3 to 5, in indicating children's early signs of ASD. This paper aims to indicate the early signs of ASD in preschool children in the UAE as a model for other GCC countries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A qualitative method consisting of interviews with preschool teachers and the ASD children’s parents was conducted to investigate the ASD early symptoms in children.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings of the study show that there is a direct connection between the opinions expressed by preschool teachers and the parents of children with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder). These results also highlight the presence of early indications of ASD among preschool-aged children in the United Arab Emirates, such as difficulties in communication, repetitive actions, delayed speech, excessive focus on tablets, trouble paying attention, hyperactivity, sleep problems, and aggressive behavior.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The outcomes suggest a strong connection between the feedback from preschool teachers and the parents of children with ASD. The study uncovers initial indications of ASD in preschool-aged children from the United Arab Emirates, such as difficulties in communication, repetitive actions, delayed speech, excessive fascination with tablets, problems with attention, hyperactivity, sleep disturbances, and aggressive behavior.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139379924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the presentation and identification of PTSD in autistic adults: a modified Delphi study","authors":"Freya Rumball, Rachel Parker, Ailbhe Elizabeth Madigan, Francesca Happé, Debbie Spain","doi":"10.1108/aia-08-2023-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-08-2023-0053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Autistic individuals are at increased risk of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Diagnostic overshadowing, however, often results in PTSD symptoms being mislabelled as autistic traits. This study aims to develop professional consensus on the identification and assessment of co-occurring PTSD in autistic adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An online modified Delphi design was used to gather professionals’ perspectives on key aspects of the identification and assessment of PTSD in autistic adults. Data were gathered qualitatively in Round 1 and then synthesised using content analysis into a list of statements that were rated in Round 2. Statements reaching 60–79% consensus and additional suggestions were sent out for rating in Round 3. Consensus for the final statement list was set at 80% agreement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Overall, 108 statements reached consensus. These form the basis of professional-informed recommendations to facilitate the identification and assessment of PTSD symptoms in autistic adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The final Delphi statements provide a framework to assist with the assessment and recognition of traumatic stress reactions in autistic adults presenting to mental health, diagnostic or social services.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the presentation and identification of PTSD in autistic adults (with and without intellectual disability), using a bottom-up approach informed by professional consensus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":"77 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism diagnosis experience and parental stress among Portuguese parents","authors":"Genta Kulari, Giulia Francisca Sarantakos Cordeiro","doi":"10.1108/aia-08-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-08-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aims to examine the impact that diagnostic factors such as duration of diagnostic period, number of professionals consulted and perceived social support have on parental stress during the diagnostic process of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design/methodology/approach Forty parents of 2–18 year-old children/adolescents with a formal ASD diagnosis recruited from five specialized private clinics in Lisbon completed a survey which included diagnostic questionnaire, parental stress scale and social support scale from April to December 2022. Findings Data analysis indicated that the mean age of the diagnosis was 5.6 years with a delay of 3.95 years from first concern until final diagnosis. On average, parents consulted a mean of 3.62 professionals. Other findings indicated that as age of parents increased, levels of parental stress decreased. Parents with higher levels of social support had lower levels of parental stress. Furthermore, higher age of child at first concern predicted higher affective social support. Originality/value This study reflects on the experience of obtaining the ASD diagnosis in Portugal, raising awareness on the importance of providing early detection and social support for distressed parents.","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":"59 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the care delivery to the children with autism spectrum disorder: a web-based cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Mirahmadizadeh, A. Heiran, H. Nemati, Shiva Aminnia, F. Azadian, F. Rezaei, R. Sahebi, A. Miyar, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Mojgan Tavasoli","doi":"10.1108/aia-06-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-06-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder need special attention for their mental and physical health and education. This study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on them.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on data collected from an online survey. Respondents were the parents or caregivers of autistic children aged 3–18. It measured opinions about the favorable and unfavorable behavioral changes related to their children during the COVID-19 lockdowns.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In total, 131 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of their autistic children was 11.45 ± 4.26 years, of whom 78% were boys. Improved good behaviors during lockdowns included interaction with parents and siblings, eating healthy foods, quality of sleep, eye contact, pointing and asking for something, imitating sounds and phrases, sharing interests, reaction to emotions and empathy with family members, but sleep hours decreased.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Lockdown provided opportunities for examining the behaviors of children with autism taking into account its favorable and unfavorable effects, to improve communicating and behaving with these children.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48527409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socialization, education and learning for the internet (SELFI): development and pilot of a social media skills program for autistic adults","authors":"A. Osuna, Daina M. Tagavi, Katie Sabini, Ty W. Vernon","doi":"10.1108/aia-12-2022-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-12-2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and pilot of a novel program to support autistic adults with social media use. Social media use among autistic adults has been associated with increased happiness and closer friendships. However, autistic adults are at risk of social media challenges such as cyber-victimization. To date, no programs exist that specifically support autistic adults with safe and effective social media use. The primary aim of this study was to develop and pilot test a novel social media skills program for feasibility and acceptability. A secondary aim was to explore changes in Facebook activity as a proxy for online social engagement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The socialization, education and learning for the internet (SELFI) program was developed by identifying relevant target skills, goals, considerations and evidence-based strategies to help autistic adults with online social communication. The developed SELFI program was then pilot tested with six autistic male young adults to explore initial feasibility (fidelity of delivery, attendance) and acceptability (attrition, enjoyment and programmatic feedback). Facebook data were collected to explore differences in the frequency of likes/reactions, comments and posts after completion of the program.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Each participant completed all procedures and attended every session. There was no attrition from the program. The average fidelity score for recorded sessions was 85.1%. Most participants endorsed agreement with program enjoyment and that it helped them maintain current relationships. Participant feedback provided valuable information regarding areas of strength and areas that needed improvement. Each participant who completed the study demonstrated increased Facebook engagement across likes/reactions, comments and posts.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Limitations include a small all-male sample, exclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities and adolescents and dependence on Facebook data. Additionally, the developed program did not incorporate feedback from relevant stakeholders, including autistic adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to explore support for autistic adults specifically related to social media use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the transition to adulthood in autism spectrum disorder: examining the perspectives of autistic individuals, caregivers and service providers","authors":"D. Nicholas, Theresa Jubenville-wood, R. Zulla, Katelyn Lowe, L. Zwaigenbaum","doi":"10.1108/aia-11-2022-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-11-2022-0055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to examine how the search for transitional services has been characterized as a challenging experience for autistic youth and their families. Transitional services are reported to be inconsistent and do not address the range of needs that autistic individuals have.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with autistic individuals (n = 31), their parents/caregivers (n = 23) and transition-based service providers (n = 10).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Findings invite capacity building across sectors, including working with both the autistic individual and their caregiver, and ensuring targeted services commensurate with individual needs related to autism and ancillary challenges. Implications and recommendations for service and system advancement are offered.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Current services were reportedly insufficient in meeting the needs of autistic individuals as they transitioned into adulthood. Service areas needing to be bolstered include daily life, community engagement and employment. Capacity building and enhanced training are required. Information and communication strategies require advancement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000A more responsive system is required, which involves support from many societal sectors (e.g. health, mental health, advanced education, social services, industry, housing and justice) over the lifespan. Policy adjustments and organizational mandates need to be reviewed to better consider the needs of transitioning autistic youth and allocate resources accordingly. Partnerships across stakeholder groups are needed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study provides details on a known but not well understood issue of transition to adulthood for autistic adults. This study is unique in providing first-hand data from transitioning autistic adults, with corroborating data from families and service providers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the interaction between autistic traits and psychotic proneness on empathy: a cross-sectional study with a non-clinical sample","authors":"Elif Yildirim","doi":"10.1108/aia-04-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-04-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Recent evidence indicates an improving effect of the co-occurrence of autistic traits and psychotic symptoms on social cognition, but there is no agreement on the effect of the interaction between autistic traits and psychotic proneness on empathy. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the interaction between autistic traits and positive psychotic experiences on cognitive and affective empathy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The sample consisted of 420 adults aged between 18 and 60. Assessments were administered anonymously online. Empathic abilities were evaluated by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). While Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was applied to measure autistic traits, The Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) was used as a measurement of positive psychotic experiences.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A series of regression analyses showed that although AQ and CAPE scores were not correlated with cognitive-IRI, the interaction between these scores predicted cognitive-IRI scores. It was found that the personal distress subscale of IRI was significantly associated with AQ, but this relationship was moderated by CAPE scores.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000These findings provide a different perspective on understanding social cognitive impairments in autism, which may have potential clinical implications. Findings also contribute to explaining the individual differences in empathic abilities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a visual arts and exercise program on communication and social skills of students with autism spectrum disorders","authors":"Alexandra Eleftheria Broupi, D. Kokaridas, Vasileios K Tsimaras, P. Varsamis","doi":"10.1108/aia-05-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-05-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present challenges in their social and communication skills such as difficulties in developing interpersonal relationships and verbal and nonverbal communication; repetitive and restricted behaviors concerning resistance to environmental change, stereotyped movements and unusual reactions to sensory stimuli; and significant delays in motor development and performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined visual arts and exercise program on the communication and social behavior skills of people with ASD.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The research was conducted in a Creative Employment Center of People with Disabilities, and the sample consisted of 18 participants with ASD divided randomly into a control group (CG) (n = 8) and an experiment group (EG) (n = 10). The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was used prior and after the implementation of the intervention program. EG participants attended an intervention program, whereas CG individuals followed their daily routine activities, and they only completed the SCQ prior and after the program.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000EG demonstrated statically significant improvements in communication skills and social behavior, compared to the results of the CG. Furthermore, participants with Asperger’s syndrome showed a higher improvement rate compared to participants with autism, while no statistically significant differences were noticed concerning gender and age of the participants.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to investigate the effect of a combined visual arts and adapted physical activity program on the social and communication skills of people with ASD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46434295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and resilience in British Indian parents with an autistic child: a comparative study with white British and Indian parents","authors":"Steven D. Stagg, Fathima Kodakkadan, S. Rajan","doi":"10.1108/aia-09-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-09-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to examine the levels of stress and resilience in a sample of British Indian parents bringing up a child with autism.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A total of 52 British Indian parents took part in a survey that included measures of stress, resilience, support and child adaptive functioning. Results were compared to a sample of white British (n = 120) and Indian parents (n = 120).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The British Indian parents recorded higher levels of stress and less perceived social support than their white British counterparts. British Indian parents took longer to register concern about their child’s development and sought a diagnosis at a later age than the white British group. The delay in concern and diagnosis was similar to that found in the India group.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The research suggests that British Indian parents are disadvantaged in social support and mental well-being compared to white British parents and may face similar community pressures to parents bringing up a child in India.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45348259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the “Current View” show that autistic young people referred to mental health services have more comorbidities and complex needs?","authors":"Lisa M. Thompson, E. Wilkinson, Sharleen Nall-Evans, Felix Michelet, M. Lewis, Fiona Pender, S. Jaydeokar","doi":"10.1108/aia-02-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-02-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Autistic young people have health and care needs that may benefit from a multi-agency intervention. The “Current View” tool is routinely used in England to profile the needs of young people referred to mental health services. This study aims to examine associations between comorbidities and complex needs in autistic and non-autistic young people to assess the multifaceted needs of autistic young people.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A cohort study was conducted using data from the electronic patient record, comparing autistic and non-autistic young people to see which items in the four “Current View” tool categories were associated with autistic young people.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Issues associated with autistic young people were: “community issues”, “attainment issues” and “deemed child in need” (all p < 0.001). Autistic young people scored significantly more items (p < 0.05) in the categories complexity/contextual/educational factors. Comorbidities associated with autistic young people included anxiety, “behavioural difficulties”, “peer relationship difficulties” and “self-care issues” (all p < 0.001). There was an association with increased comorbidities and complexity factors in autistic young people which suggests increased support from agencies may be beneficial.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Few studies have used data in the “Current View” tool to assess young people referred to services. More use could be made of this data for planning and delivering services.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43640,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Autism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}