Nepal Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"A contemporary insight of metabolomics approach for COVID-19: Potential for novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets.","authors":"Mohammad Asim, Brijesh Sathian, Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i4.33964","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v10i4.33964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by rapidly spreading pathogenic virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that affects vast majority of population worldwide. Although, around 80% of the cases had mild infection but still remaining 20% had developed respiratory failure and dysfunction of other organs that necessitate urgent oxygen therapy or specific interventions. Therefore, it is imperative to establish novel prognostic approaches to screen patients at high-risk of developing severe complications. The primary focus of current research for COVID-19 is to discover safe and efficacious vaccine for prevention and effective treatment for better management of the patients to overcome the pandemic. To achieve this goal, it is imperative to have better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology and progression of severe COVID-19. The surge for reliable diagnostics and therapeutics targets for COVID-19 highlighted the great potential of high-throughput approach like metabolomics which may enable the development of personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 4","pages":"923-927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7812325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38860034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relevance of digital mental healthcare during COVID-19: Need for innovations.","authors":"Sujita Kumar Kar,&nbsp;Shailendra K Saxena,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i4.32519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i4.32519","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 4","pages":"928-929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7812326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38860035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Pitfalls in using Online Platforms for Data collection in COVID times and its implications.","authors":"Hariom Kumar Solanki,&nbsp;P Giridara Gopal,&nbsp;Rama Shankar Rath","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i4.31614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i4.31614","url":null,"abstract":"In recent COVID-19 times conducting online research is the only feasible type of research for many authors. However, like other methods of data collection this method also bears some inherent issues linked to method of the study. The authors must understand the common pitfalls related to online data collection before planning and before interpreting the results. This letter mainly deals with the issues related to the online data collection.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 4","pages":"930-932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7812327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38860036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Artificial Intelligence: the pandemic pacifier.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Abhishek Kashyap, Poornasha Mohabeer, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i4.33334","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v10i4.33334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 4","pages":"919-922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7812328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38860033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patient of Samtse General Hospital, Bhutan.","authors":"Thinley Dorji,&nbsp;Kinley Wangdi","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.28397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i3.28397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Bhutan. Evaluation of treatment outcomes of TB and identification of the risk factors are important components for the success of National TB control program. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the TB treatment outcome and factors associated with it in Samtse General Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective, cross sectional study using the TB data from Samtse General Hospital from 2008-2019. A univariate and multiple logistic regression was used to check for associations between the outcome and other independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 634 TB patients. Of this, 44.0% (279) were smear positive TB (PTB+), 36.1% (229) were extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) and 19.9% (126) were smear negative TB (PTB-). During the study period, 56.2% (356) of them completed treatment, 33.3% (211) were declared cured, 0.2% (1) had defaulted, 5.1% (32) died and 5.4% (34) had treatment failure. The mean treatment success rate (TSR) was 89.4% (567). The TSR was highest for EPTB with 96.9% (222/229), followed by PTB- at 88.1% (111/126) and lowest for PTB+ with 83.9% (234/279). Successful treatment outcome was observed in EPTB patients (AOR: 7.3; 95% CI: 2.46-21.36), patients in age 15-28 years (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.59-7.46) and 29-42 years (AOR: 9.1; 95% CI: 2.44-33.61).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The treatment outcome of TB in Samtse General Hospital is satisfactory and at par with the national level. Since, smear positive TB and elderly patients are prone to develop poor treatment outcome, they need to be monitored and followed up adequately.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 3","pages":"888-896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v10i3.28397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Health in Nepal.","authors":"Alexander van Teijlingen, Tell Tuttle, Hamid Bouchachia, Brijesh Sathian, Edwin van Teijlingen","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.31649","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.31649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth in information technology and computer capacity has opened up opportunities to deal with much and much larger data sets than even a decade ago. There has been a technological revolution of big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Perhaps many readers would immediately think about robotic surgery or self-driving cars, but there is much more to AI. This Short Communication starts with an overview of the key terms, including AI, machine learning, deep learning and Big Data. This Short Communication highlights so developments of AI in health that could benefit a low-income country like Nepal and stresses the need for Nepal's health and education systems to track such developments and apply them locally. Moreover, Nepal needs to start growing its own AI expertise to help develop national or South Asian solutions. This would require investing in local resources such as access to computer power/capacity as well as training young Nepali to work in AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 3","pages":"915-918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South Africa and its COVID-19 prohibition predilection.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Jared Robinson,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Edwin R van Teijlingen","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.31543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i3.31543","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2020, will forever be marked by the Global pandemic, COVID-19. According to The Department of Health in South Africa until September 15, 2020 3,940,217 tests have been conducted. 651,521 positive cases have been identified, 583,126 recoveries have been reported and there has been a total of 15641 deaths. The South African government have introduced a range of parameters and laws in order to curb the spread of the virus whilst simultaneously endorsing programs to spearhead the preparedness of the healthcare system for the various waves of COVID-19 cases that have been forecast.  In conjunction with the new laws and regulations, the South African Government has exercised lockdown and restriction of movement policies. South Africa’s unique, multifaceted and strategic method of combatting the coronavirus has proven to be effective in using existing resources and redirecting both manpower and personnel, thus being of great benefit to all stakeholders and citizens within the country. The prohibition of alcohol is a unique method employed by the government, the full extent to which this policy reform has benefitted the country, its government and its citizens is yet to be fully calculated and projected as South Africa’s Coronavirus cases are still increasing on a daily basis. This policy reform will likely find itself becoming a popular trend with crisis management protocols of other countries if the long-term benefits thereof are proven to be true.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 3","pages":"874-877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v10i3.31543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on clinical trials and clinical research: A systematic review.","authors":"Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Mohammad Asim,&nbsp;Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Pizarro,&nbsp;Bedanta Roy,&nbsp;Edwin R van Teijlingen,&nbsp;Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento,&nbsp;Hanadi Khamis Alhamad","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.31622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i3.31622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The World Health Organization has reported more than 31,186,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), including 962,343 deaths, worldwide as on September 21, 2020. The current COVID-19 pandemic is affecting clinical research activities in most parts of the world. The focus on developing a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of COVID-19 is, in fact, disrupting many upcoming and/or ongoing clinical trials on other diseases around the globe. On March 18, 2020, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an updated guideline for the conduct of clinical trials during the current health emergency situation. The potential challenges, such as social distancing and quarantines, result in study participants' inaccessibility and trial personnel for in-person scheduled study visits and/or follow-up. Due to the sudden onset and wide-spread impact of COVID-19, its influence on the management of clinical trials and research necessitates urgent attention. Therefore, our systematic review of the literature aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the conduction of clinical trials and research. The search for the relevant articles for review included the keywords \"COVID-19\" AND \"clinical trial\" in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google scholar and Google electronic databases. Key findings include: delaying subject enrollment and operational gaps in most ongoing clinical trials, which in turn has a negative impact on trial programmes and data integrity. Globally, most sites conducting clinical trials other than COVID-19 are experiencing a delay in timelines and a complete halt of operations in lieu of this pandemic, thus affecting clinical research outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 3","pages":"878-887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v10i3.31622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with awareness and practice about foot care among patients admitted with diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional research from a medical college hospital of southern India.","authors":"H Pavithra,&nbsp;Kibballi Madhukeshwar Akshaya,&nbsp;Abhay Subashrao Nirgude,&nbsp;A G Balakrishna","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.29213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i3.29213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) causes micro and macro vascular complications. One of the complications of DM is diabetic foot that results in amputations and decreased quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and practice about foot care and associated factors among admitted patients in a teaching hospital of coastal Karnataka, India.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college hospital after obtaining institutional ethics approval from 24th December 2016 to 21st January 2017. Adults with diabetes (N=317) admitted in the hospital were interviewed with a validated structured questionnaire for awareness and practice regarding foot care. The scores obtained were further graded into good and poor. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 22 for descriptive statistics. Bivariate logistic and linear regressions were used to determine the association between variables and awareness/practice scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of the participants was 56.98 (±10.54) years with males constituting the majority (63.4%). Good awareness and practice scores were observed among 69.1% and 41.6% participants, respectively. Good awareness scores were associated with male patients (p=0.027), currently not married (p=0.044), below poverty line socioeconomic status (p=0.014) and presence of foot ulcer (p=0.021). Good practice scores was associated with secondary schooling (p=0.003) and receiving insulin (p=0.045). Moderate correlation with coefficient 0.493 (p<0.001) was observed between awareness and practice scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seven and four out of 10 study participants had good awareness and practice scores about foot care, respectively. A tailor-made health education module addressing the lacunae identified in the awareness and practice domains needs to be provided to the patients with diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 3","pages":"897-904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v10i3.29213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning of Success: perception of medical students, and faculty-A Qualitative Study from a medical school in Mauritius.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Jared Robinson,&nbsp;Bhavna Munoosingh,&nbsp;Nidhi Jain,&nbsp;Ramya S Amsadevi","doi":"10.3126/nje.v10i3.28424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v10i3.28424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to find what undergraduate medical students and teaching faculty perceive success to be.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was designed and conducted on faculty and medical students in Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Medical College, Mauritius. NVivo 12 (Windows) Plus software was implemented for data analysis and thematic analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The codes/nodes namely being: Satisfaction, Accomplishment, Actions, Motivations, Extrinsic Factors and Intrinsic Factors were identified in the transcribed data. Satisfaction was described as the positive emotions and notions intimately related as well as synonymously associated with success. Accomplishment as the attainment and fulfilment of any physical, mental, emotional, social, occupational, personal goal or desire by an individual. Actions was the arsenal of physical processes, acts of planning, goal setting or forethinking exercised by the individual. Motivations was the drive to attain the preset goal or notion be it positive or negative. This applies to factors that enable a subject to strive forwards. Extrinsic Factors were the external determinants and definition of success perceived by the subject. Intrinsic Factors were the subject's internal organic, comprehension and definition of success. The themes generated were: Products of Success, Mechanisms of Success and Concepts of success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A tangible demarcation is noticeable between the preconceived general impression of success and the vast multifactorial cohort of intrinsic and extrinsic factors coupled to the highly emotional aspects which were brought forth.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"10 3","pages":"905-914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v10i3.28424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}