{"title":"Earthquake forecasting model for Nepal to improve prevention.","authors":"Brijesh Sathian, Edwin R van Teijlingen","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i4.20626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i4.20626","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need of earthquake forecasting model for Nepal in this current scenario. It can be developed by the scientists of Nepal with the help of experienced international scientists. This will help the Nepalese to take timely and necessary precautions. We would argue that above all we need to use earthquake prediction knowledge to improve the disaster prepardness in local communities, service providers (hospitals, Non-Governmental Organizations, police, etc.), government policy-makers and international agencies. On the whole, both seismology and public health are most successful when focusing on prevention not on prediction per se. J Epidemiol. 2017;7(4); 700-701.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 4","pages":"700-701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i4.20626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36793120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life expectancy and years of life lost in HIV patients under the care of BandarAbbas Behavioral Disorders Counseling Center.","authors":"Halimeh Yaghoobi, Hassan Ahmadinia, Ziba Shabani, Reza Vazirinejad, Reza Safari, Roozbeh Shahizadeh, Fatemeh Zolfizadeh, Mohsen Rezaeian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i4.20627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i4.20627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV epidemic is mostly targeted adults and has numerous negative health, social, economic, cultural and political consequences. In this study Life Expectancy (LE) and Average Years of Life Lost (AYLL) in HIV/AIDS patients are estimated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this descriptive study all the patients at the age of 18 and more under the care of BandarAbbas Behavioral Disorders Counseling Center (BBDCC) during 2005-2015 are included. The town of BandarAbbas is center of Hormozgan Province in southern Iran. LE and AYLL have been estimated based on Life Table.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred thirty four of the 426 eligible patients died during the study period. Compared to the general population LE for HIV/AIDS patients at age 20 is 46 years less in comparison with the general population of BandarAbbas. Moreover, a total of 8839 years of life lost during 2005-2015.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LE in HIV/AIDS patients is less than LE among BandarAbbas general population and AYLL among them is more than general population. Most of the years of life lost are preventable if the health care system seriously will implement programs to control HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 4","pages":"702-712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i4.20627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36793121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatitis B vaccination in Nepalese infants: The present scenario.","authors":"Sudhir Adhikari, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i3.19007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i3.19007","url":null,"abstract":"Under the sustainable Development Agenda 2030, WHO is supporting the countries for achieving the global hepatitis goals by formulating evidence-based policy and data for action, promoting partnerships and mobilizing resources, raising awareness, preventing transmission, and also improving the screening, care and treatment services. There is an urgent need for a national policy for active and passive hepatitis B immunization to sustain our low transmission status. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2017;7(3); 694-696","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 3","pages":"694-696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i3.19007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36721885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical education system in Malaysia maintaining a gold standard - an extraordinary example from the Malaysian Society of Pharmacology and Physiology.","authors":"Bedanta Roy, Nicholas Goh, Rukhsana Hussain Malik","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i3.19008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i3.19008","url":null,"abstract":"Founded in 2011 Quest International University Perak (QIUP) is a private university in partnership with Perak state Government. Various professional programmes are conducted in Faculty of Medicine (FOM) helps the young lecturers. Enormous financial aids and moral support are provided by the University for competitive events which are highly appreciable. Universities across the world should encourage their faculties, to organize and participate healthy competitions like quiz, teachers’ prize to make a better educator who guides future health care professionals. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2017;7(3); 697-698","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 3","pages":"697-698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i3.19008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36721886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Notice: Transition in Dental Treatment Utilization in Jammu And Kashmir, India - A 10 Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Aasim Farooq Shah, Manu Batra, A Ishrat","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i3.19009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i3.19009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article on p. 631 in vol. 6, PMID: 28804675.].</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 3","pages":"699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i3.19009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36721887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fungal keratitis: study of increasing trend and common determinants.","authors":"Yogesh Acharya, Bhawana Acharya, Priyanka Karki","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i2.17975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i2.17975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal keratitis is one of the leading cause of ocular morbidity. Fungal keratitis possesses a clinical challenge due to its slow pathologic process, overlapping features, diagnostic difficulty, and potential complications. Its increasing trend can be attributed to the use of contact lens, non-judiciary corticosteroid, and vegetative trauma. Early diagnosis and treatment is the cornerstone for its effective control. Knowledge of pathological course and clinical characteristics of fungal keratitis will definitely add in early diagnosis and treatment, with reduction in ocular morbidity. This review article explores the risk factor of fungal keratitis, its clinical course and management strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 2","pages":"685-693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i2.17975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35647373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nelofar Sami Khan, Syed Ilyas Shehnaz, Gomathi Kadayam Guruswami, Salwa Abdelzaher Mabrouk Ibrahim, Sana Abdul Jabbar Mustafa
{"title":"Knowledge of warning signs, presenting symptoms and risk factors of coronary heart disease among the population of Dubai and Northern Emirates in UAE: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nelofar Sami Khan, Syed Ilyas Shehnaz, Gomathi Kadayam Guruswami, Salwa Abdelzaher Mabrouk Ibrahim, Sana Abdul Jabbar Mustafa","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i2.17973","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v7i2.17973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the level of knowledge regarding warning signs, presenting symptoms and risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) among population of Dubai and Northern Emirates in UAE.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross sectional survey of 1367 residents of Dubai and Northern Emirates was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents were classified into two groups: Young Adult Population (YAP; 18-24 years of age) and General Population (GP; 25 years and older). Majority of participants were males (56.7%) and of South Asian (57.5%) or Middle-Eastern (30.8%) ethnicity. Regarding presenting symptoms of CHD, chest pain was identified by around 80% of population, whereas pain in the left shoulder was recognized by 61% of GP and 44% of YAP. Atypical symptoms were poorly identified. Regarding risk factors, only one-fourth population knew that males were at higher risk compared to premenopausal females. Few knew that the risk increases in females after menopause and that the risk is higher for females who smoke and use oral contraceptives. 62% knew that the survivors of a heart attack are at high risk of recurrences. Except for tobacco smoke, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, knowledge of other risk factors was not satisfactory. Older adults and females had comparatively higher level of knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge level of many of the symptoms and risk factors of CHD is unsatisfactory. There is, therefore, a need to increase the awareness in the population of UAE. The knowledge gaps identified through this study can be addressed through health campaigns to increase the awareness about warning signs, symptoms and modifiable risk factors. .</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 2","pages":"670-680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i2.17973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35647371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dengue: The break-bone fever outbreak in Kerala, India.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i2.17972","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v7i2.17972","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a shocking intensification of dengue cases has also been seen in India in 2017. The common serotype of Dengue Asian genotype of DENV-1 was detected in South India in 2012.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 2","pages":"666-669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i2.17972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35647370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lexis Expansion: a prerequisite for analyzing time changing variables in a cohort study.","authors":"Nitika, Sidharth Sekhar Mishra, Pallavi Lohani","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i2.17974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v7i2.17974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a prospective analytical cohort study or a study involving a longer follow up, changing age of participants influence the relationship between exposure and outcome. Usually age at entry is incorporated in the regression model to adjust for age. However, this fails to fully explain and adjust for changing age. For this Lexis expansion, a concept by Wilhelm Lexis, allows the analyst to expand the observations as per age bands and check for confounding and interaction by changing age. Lexis expansion assumes the rates to be constant within an age band.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 2","pages":"681-684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/nje.v7i2.17974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35647372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brijesh Sathian, M G Ramesh Babu, Edwin R van Teijlingen, Indrajit Banerjee, Bedanta Roy, Supram Hosuru Subramanya, Elayedath Rajesh, Suresh Devkota
{"title":"Ethnic Variations in Perception of Human Papillomavirus and its Vaccination among Young Women in Nepal .","authors":"Brijesh Sathian, M G Ramesh Babu, Edwin R van Teijlingen, Indrajit Banerjee, Bedanta Roy, Supram Hosuru Subramanya, Elayedath Rajesh, Suresh Devkota","doi":"10.3126/nje.v7i1.17757","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v7i1.17757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical and other cancers. In women, cervical cancer is the third most common cancer. HPV infection can be largely prevented through vaccination of (adolescent) girls. At the same time, Nepal is a low-income country experiencing a cultural change in attitudes towards sex and sexual behaviour. However, in the adolescent population knowledge about HPV, factors associated with an increased risk of HPV and the existence of the vaccination is often low.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study with female students enrolled in health and non-health science courses in Pokhara, Nepal. The questionnaire included demographic details, knowledge and attitude questions related to HPV, associated risk behaviour and its vaccination. Descriptive statistics, including Chi-Square test, were used to identify statistically significant relationships. Ethical approval was granted by the relevant authority in Nepal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hindu religion (75.0 %; 95% CI: 70.9, 78.6) and Newari caste (75.5%; CI: 61.1, 86.7) were more aware about HPV, HPV vaccination. Hindus religion (55.6%; 95% CI: 51.2, 60.0) and Dalit caste (61.6%, 95% CI: 53.3, 69.4) more willing to be vaccinated than other religions and other castes, respectively. Not unsurprisingly, students on health-related courses had a greater awareness of HPV, HPV vaccination and were more willing to be vaccinated than students on other courses. Similar patterns of association arose for knowledge related to those sexually active at an early age; HPV risk and multiple sex partners; and fact that condoms cannot fully prevent the transmission of HPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge about the link between HPV and (a) early sexual initiation, (b) having multiple sexual partners, and (c) the limited protection of condoms and other birth control measures was poor in our study compared to similar research conducted in other parts of the world. One key implication is the need for education campaigns in Nepal to educate young women and their parents about HPV, its risk factors and the benefits of vaccination. .</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"647-658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35566056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}