TalantaPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128428
Gongwei Tian, Jianhui Chen, Dan Yang, Cuiyuan Liang, Qinyi Zhao, Yan Liu, Weihong Lu, Dianpeng Qi
{"title":"Self-healable and stretchable electrochemical sensor for sweat glucose detection.","authors":"Gongwei Tian, Jianhui Chen, Dan Yang, Cuiyuan Liang, Qinyi Zhao, Yan Liu, Weihong Lu, Dianpeng Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable sensing devices provide a promising approach for non-invasive health detection. However, most flexible devices are inevitably susceptible to wear and mechanical degradation in practical applications due to stretching, cutting, or overuse, resulting in device malfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sensing devices with self-healing and stretchable capabilities. Here, an in-situ self-healing and stretchable sweat glucose sensor is fabricated by depositing Au on the synthetic self-healable PDMS<sub>0.9</sub>-IPDI elastomer and modifying polypyrrole/glucose oxidase on the sensing position, respectively. This sensor can recover electromechanical properties through dynamic hydrogen bonds after fracture and self-healing 4 h at room temperature, and maintain stable sensing properties under 50 % strain, which satisfies the strain required by human skin in daily activities. In addition, the modified polypyrrole film on the Au electrode increases the electrochemically active area of the working electrode by 3-4 times and the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 62.60 μA mM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> in the linear range of 0-1 mM, with the detection limit is as low as 12.58 μM. Furthermore, the sensor can accurately and reliably detect the glucose content in human sweat samples, providing a novel approach for the practical application of glucose sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"295 ","pages":"128428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The optimal ionic concentration of sensing buffer in the detection of RNA by using the DNA probe with the silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET).","authors":"Wen-Pin Hu, Jui-Shen Wang, Yu-Peng Chiu, Tzu-Chen Huang, Bharath Kumar Yadlapalli, Wen-Yih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates optimal conditions for surface modification and ionic concentration of sensing buffers for miRNA-21 detection using DNA probes on silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) biosensors. Ionic strength is a key factor influencing DNA/RNA hybridization efficiency and FET detection sensitivity by affecting duplex formation and the Debye length. An optimal balance between these effects is crucial for ultra-sensitive miRNA detection. The surface functionalization process was optimized through systematic testing of reaction time, temperature, and pH. A 30-min silanization reaction at room temperature without pH adjustment, followed by acetic acid rinsing, resulted in the most uniform silica surface. For hybridization detection, fluorescence microscopy showed that the highest ionic strength (150 mM) of Bis-Tris propane (BTP) buffer produced the greatest hybridization amount. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) confirmed stable secondary structures in DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA hybrids across all ionic strengths. For SiNW-FET measurements, BTP buffers with varying ionic strengths (10 mM, 50 mM, and 150 mM) were tested. A 50 mM BTP buffer provided the optimal balance between ionic strength for hybridization and electric double-layer structure, yielding the highest voltage shifts and enhanced sensitivity for ultra-low miRNA concentrations. Moreover, 50 mM BTP outperformed 50 mM PBS due to BTP's larger counterions reduced ion accumulation on the sensor surface, further improving sensitivity. These findings are crucial for advancing non-invasive liquid biopsy techniques in detecting low-concentration miRNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"295 ","pages":"128375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can a ramped high-temperature carbon analyser with thermal oxidation be used to quantify soil organic carbon pools?","authors":"Manoharan Veeragathipillai, Leslie Janik, Jeffrey Baldock","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools range from easily decomposable particulate, slowly decomposable humic, and resistant organic carbon. These carbon pools, sometimes referred to as POC, HOC and ROC, respectively, can be used as inputs into carbon accounting applications such as the Roth-C model. This study examines whether ramped thermal oxidation, combined with evolved gas (CO<sub>2</sub>) analysis (RTO-EGA) of soil samples at temperature intervals between 110 °C and 1000 °C, can quantify the allocation of SOC to these pools. RTO-EGA ramping profiles of 176 samples were combined with respective soil carbon pool data obtained from physical fractionation and <sup>13</sup>C NMR analysis, into multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models. The samples were split into calibration (110) and validation (51) sets for modelling, and 15 samples omitted due to excessively low decomposition temperatures and associated high model leverage. The samples were also modelled by PLSR using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance (DRIFT) for comparison with RTO-EGA. RTO-EGA and DRIFT calibration and validation accuracies were generally high for POC and HOC, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.80-0.95 and RMSE values of 0.10-0.20 %C. Estimates of the ROC pool were relatively less accurate for samples not adequately covered by the calibration set. Since high-temperature carbon analysers are routinely used in most soil testing laboratories, the RTO-EGA approach can be easily adopted for carbon pool analysis. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that the RTO-EGA method, combined with chemometric modelling, as a rapid and cost-effective method to quantify carbon pools.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"295 ","pages":"128358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smartphone-enabled detection of urea in animal feed based on a disposable electrode modified with silver nanoparticles decorated on nitrogen-doped graphene nanoplatelets.","authors":"Kiattisak Promsuwan, Chanakarn Sanguarnsak, Ananya Kongsuwan, Jenjira Saichanapan, Asamee Soleh, Kasrin Saisahas, Kritsada Samoson, Sangay Wangchuk, Warakorn Limbut","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A flow injection amperometric sensing method was developed for the detection of urea in animal feed. A screen-printed electrode was modified with a nanocatalyst comprising silver nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene nanoplatelets. The nanocatalyst was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal procedure and used to modify an electrode as a non-enzymatic electrochemical urea sensing platform. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized nanocatalyst were investigated, and its electrochemical properties were characterized through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, chronocuolometry, and chronoamperometry. The nanocatalyst exhibited good charge transfer ability and electrocatalytic activity for urea oxidation. The sensor fabrication and flow injection amperometric parameters were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the anodic current exhibited a linear correlation with urea concentration from 0.01 to 40 mM (0.6 to 2400 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) with a detection limit of 0.0036 mM (0.22 mg L<sup>-1</sup>). The developed system was highly sensitive (4.0 ± 0.3 μA mM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>), showed good repeatability (RSD of 1.4%, n = 10), reproducibility (RSD of 2.5%, n = 10), and operational stability (RSD of 1.01%, n = 100), with a throughput of 60 samples per hour. Furthermore, the proposed system showed resilience against potential interferences commonly found in animal feeds. A strong correlation coefficient between results obtained from the flow injection amperometric sensor and a standard spectrophotometric method underscored the accuracy of the proposed system, ensuring its suitability for urea detection in animal feedstuffs.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"295 ","pages":"128431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TalantaPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128456
Wei Xiao, Fengjuan Xu, Cong Lin, Qian Zhao, Yuanyuan Han, Kunjie Lu, Yanqiong Su, Shibo Shang, Jiting Deng, Ke Gong, Xiaolin Fang, Liangshan Hu, Donglin Cao
{"title":"A simple and low-cost paper chip-based smartphone sensor for enumeration of T lymphocyte subsets.","authors":"Wei Xiao, Fengjuan Xu, Cong Lin, Qian Zhao, Yuanyuan Han, Kunjie Lu, Yanqiong Su, Shibo Shang, Jiting Deng, Ke Gong, Xiaolin Fang, Liangshan Hu, Donglin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphocyte count reflects the cellular immune function status of the body, and T lymphocyte subsets are of great value in the adjuvant diagnosis, efficacy monitoring, and prognostic assessment of clinical diseases. There is an urgent need to develop a simple and economical cell-counting platform for T lymphocyte subsets to meet clinical needs of cancer prognosis. Based on the vertical flow assay (VFA) and a polystyrene (PS) microsphere-labeled antibody specifically binding to target cells, we established a simple T lymphocyte counting assay (PS-VFA). Labeled cells induced a signal, which was detected on the filter membrane. We used 3D printing to create a cell phone holder and a test kits. The cell phone holder eliminates ambient light interference and provides the appropriate focus, and a smartphone was used for image acquisition and data analysis, revealing the number of T lymphocytes to be tested via RGB signal analysis. The entire detection process takes about 15 min, and the detection device is extremely cheap, about $20, and can be reused. CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells count exhibited a quasilinear response to logarithmic cell concentrations in a single nucleated cell solution, and detection limits ranging from 100 to 1400 cells/μL for CD3(R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96), 100 to 1400 cells/μL for CD4(R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97), and 25 to 800 cells/μL for CD8(R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96), respectively. And the CV values of this method are all less than 10 %. To validate the clinical applicability of this method,16 patients with cancer and 34 healthy individuals samples were measured, the detection results showed a high correlation with the flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. These results revealed that PS-VFA showed good performance compared with flow cytometry and precision evaluation. This analysis approach is a promising alternative for the costly standard flow cytometry-based tools for T lymphocyte subsets in tumor patients in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"295 ","pages":"128456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TalantaPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128204
Laura García-Cansino, Karina Boltes, María Luisa Marina, María Ángeles García
{"title":"Erratum to 'Simultaneous enantiomeric separation of linagliptin and clopidogrel by capillary electrophoresis for the individual, combined, and enantiomeric ecotoxicity evaluation on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata' [Talanta (September 2025) 127992].","authors":"Laura García-Cansino, Karina Boltes, María Luisa Marina, María Ángeles García","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":" ","pages":"128204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TalantaPub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128969
Maria Giuseppina Bruno , Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán , Bernardo Patella , Giuseppe Aiello , Rosalinda Inguanta , César Fernández-Sánchez
{"title":"Paper-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor for chloride ion and uric acid detection in sweat","authors":"Maria Giuseppina Bruno , Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán , Bernardo Patella , Giuseppe Aiello , Rosalinda Inguanta , César Fernández-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chloride ions and uric acid are two key biomarkers that play a crucial role in oxidative stress, a pathological condition that can lead to serious diseases if not monitored and identified on time. In this work, we focus on developing an innovative device based on an electrochemical sensor and a paper microfluidic system for the early detection of these biomarkers in sweat. The electrochemical sensor consists of a silicon chip containing thin-film gold electrodes modified by electrodeposition with silver and a composite of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles for the detection of chloride ions and uric acid, respectively. An initial performance assessment of the sensors in batch in buffer and artificial sweat solutions was conducted using chronoamperometry. Calibration curves were obtained in both media. Chloride ions were detectable in the range of 1–100 mM with a sensitivity of 1.40 μA mM−1 in buffer, while the range and sensitivity in artificial sweat were 1–100 mM and 1.44 μA mM−1. Uric acid was detectable with a sensitivity of 1.610 μA mM−1 and a linear range of 10–500 μM in buffer. The corresponding values in artificial sweat were 1.583 μA mM−1 and 10–500 μM). These analytical values indicate minimal interference and a very small matrix effect when measurements were conducted in artificial sweat. The sensors were integrated with a paper microfluidic component to assess the effectiveness of the device in monitoring chloride ion and uric acid levels in sweat with a very low sample volume (7 μL) for non-invasive and low-cost evaluation of oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fusarium-responsive materials: A next-generation strategy for sensing, actuation, and sustainable crop protection","authors":"Marzieh Alikarami , Kaveh Rahimi Mamaghani , Hossein Saremi","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium</em> spp. are among the most destructive pathogens in global agriculture, posing serious threats to food security, plant health, and sustainability. Traditional detection and control methods often suffer from low specificity, delayed response, and ecological concerns. In this Perspective, we explore the convergence of nanotechnology, chemical sensing, and smart actuation to define a new paradigm: Fusarium-responsive materials capable of real-time pathogen recognition and autonomous intervention. We examine Fusarium-specific biochemical signatures, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mycotoxins (e.g., fumonisin B<sub>1</sub>), and enzymatic markers, as actionable cues for biosensing. Building on this, we discuss advanced sensor platforms, including electrochemical, optical, and plasmonic systems functionalized with bioreceptors such as aptamers, antibodies, and molecularly imprinted polymers. The integration of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers enables on-demand antifungal delivery, activated by infection-related triggers such as pH, enzymes, redox changes, or light. Recent developments also highlight the synergy between biosensing devices and machine learning algorithms, enhancing detection specificity and field robustness. Looking forward, we propose a holistic vision of sensing–actuation fusion, where smart materials both detect and intelligently respond to fungal threats. The emergence of self-powered biosensors, driven by triboelectric and photovoltaic mechanisms, adds new autonomy and sustainability to field applications. Key directions include AI-driven sensor arrays, lab-on-leaf platforms, and multifunctional biohybrid systems for localized treatment. By integrating insights from chemical sensing, materials science, plant pathology, and synthetic biology, this Perspective envisions a next-generation framework for crop protection that is responsive, precise, and environmentally aligned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128967"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-modal background-free sensing platform with ultrafast kinetic response for propofol visual detection in body fluids","authors":"Junming Zhong, Kangran Li, Wenshuai Guo, Caixia Lv, Qiang Li, Jiawei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and quantitative detection of propofol in body fluids is of great significance in ensuring medical safety and curbing drug abuse. Fluorimetry is an effective method for the detection of propofol. However, background fluorescence generated by short-wavelength excitation compromises detection sensitivity, and slow kinetic responses lead to prolonged detection time. In this study, a background-free, rapid-response upconversion nanoprobe excited by near-infrared light was developed for the quantitative detection of propofol. Leveraging lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the ultrafast chromogenic reaction between propofol and diazonium salts, the chromogenic product can selectively quench green upconversion luminescence (UCL) within 1 s while preserving red UCL. Consequently, a highly sensitive, multi-signal output sensing system with ultrafast kinetic response capabilities was established. The designed sensing platform systematically eliminated autofluorescence, thus enhancing detection sensitivity. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 105 nM for colorimetric mode and 34 nM for luminescent mode. A portable sensing device was further fabricated, exhibiting excellent sensitivity and rapid detection capabilities, which offered a novel approach for detecting drug concentrations in human body fluids. This study provides a new approach for the rapid on-site detection of drug concentrations in body fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128970"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TalantaPub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128945
Shufen Yao , Shufang Wang , Yinglin Meng , Xiangjun Li , Zixin He , Yaqian Li , Feng Chen , Chunhui Zhao
{"title":"Size-selected DNA hydrogels-based sensor with efficient intracellular delivery for imaging mRNA","authors":"Shufen Yao , Shufang Wang , Yinglin Meng , Xiangjun Li , Zixin He , Yaqian Li , Feng Chen , Chunhui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient delivery of DNA-based single-component hydrogels (DNA hydrogels) into cell is current challenge for its application in cell imaging. Since the size of nanomaterials affects its intracellular delivery, to identify an optimal size of DNA hydrogels, we designed a series of DNA sequences to construct three four-armed DNA structural unit including unit15, unit12 and unit9 in which the diameter of the structural unit of unit15, unit12 and unit9 were respectively estimated to be 10.2, 8.2 and 6.1 nm. These three four-armed DNA structural unit was assembled into three size-controlled DNA hydrogels (named DNA hydrogels15, DNA hydrogels12 and DNA hydrogels9, respectively) by DNA linker. These three DNA hydrogels could split by target c-myc mRNA and were tested in buffer. The response times of DNA hydrogels15, DNA hydrogels12 and DNA hydrogels9 to c-myc mRNA were 40 min, 30mins and 20 min, respectively, and their limits of detection were calculated to be 48.5 pM, 67.6 pM and 90.0 pM, respectively. Fluorescence imaging using these three DNA hydrogels indicated that DNA hydrogels12 internalized by the cells taken up ∼2 times higher than that of DNA hydrogels15. Taking the vitro detection and efficient delivery together, DNA hydrogels12 could be the optimal size, which provide an interesting insight into the DNA hydrogels-based biosensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":435,"journal":{"name":"Talanta","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128945"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}