PARERGON最新文献

{"title":"Dominicans and Franciscans in Medieval Rome: History, Architecture, and Art by Joan Barclay Lloyd (review)","authors":"Judith Collard","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914790","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Dominicans and Franciscans in Medieval Rome: History, Architecture, and Art</em> by Joan Barclay Lloyd <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Judith Collard </li> </ul> Barclay Lloyd, Joan, <em>Dominicans and Franciscans in Medieval Rome: History, Architecture, and Art</em> (Medieval Monastic Studies, 6), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; cloth; pp. 460; 159 b/w illustrations, 10 colour plates; R.R.P. €110.00; ISBN: 9782503578835. <p>This is a richly illustrated, substantial volume that records and maps various medieval ecclesiastical structures found in Rome. In this book, Dr Joan Barclay Lloyd examines the seven buildings associated with the two preaching orders, the Dominicans and Franciscans, in the medieval period. Her last chapter is on Catherine of Siena, who is buried at Santa Maria sopra Minerva, one of the churches covered in this survey.</p> <p>The book is divided into two parts. The first part discusses four early Dominican and Franciscan foundations in Rome—the Dominican nunnery at San Sisto (now San Sisto Vecchio), founded <em>c</em>. 1218–21; the Dominican priory at Santa Sabina, founded <em>c</em>. 1220–22; the Franciscan church and friary of San Francesco a Ripa, founded in 1229; and the Franciscan nunnery of Santi Cosma e Damiano (San Cosimato), founded in 1234. The second covers the next wave of foundations. These are the Friars Minor at Santa Maria in Aracoeli, founded between 1248 and 1252; the Friars Preachers at Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, founded between 1266 and 1276; and the Franciscan nunnery at San Silvestro in Capite, founded in 1285. The final chapter focuses on medieval Dominican penitents from about 1286, particularly Catherine of Siena (1347–1380), who was canonised in 1461 and listed as a Doctor of the Church. Catherine was a lay member of the Dominican Order; a ‘mantellata’, as Dominican penitents were referred to in Siena. She travelled frequently for her public ministry and was one <strong>[End Page 212]</strong> of the great mystics of the late Middle Ages. She came to Rome in November 1378 and died there in April 1380.</p> <p>Each set of buildings is dealt with systematically in individual chapters. Barclay Lloyd takes care to locate each in the topography of Rome, and the history of each site is given, often tracing their origins to earlier ecclesiastical foundations. For example, Santa Sabina is identified as being founded in the early Christian period. The building’s adaptations by the Dominicans and the Franciscans are recorded, as is their usage. Indeed, alterations to these buildings that continued into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are also recorded. As part of Barclay Lloyd’s project is to analyse and reconstruct the medieval elements, this tracking of their later evolution provides her with much useful data, as the medieval elements were often obscured by su","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal Verse: The Cosmological Poetics of Anne Southwell","authors":"Cassandra Gorman","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This article explores Anne Southwell’s understanding of the human and specifically female responsibility in making knowledge and contact with the divine, acts that she figures through cosmic movement and, crucially, poetic forms. For Southwell, moving through—and discovering one’s place in—space is part and parcel of poetic creation in its broadest sense: writing divinely informed verse, realising one’s self-potential, and understanding God’s work. The article considers Southwell’s approach to writing physical and astronomical encounters via a series of recurring images: the wax ball or tablet, a pliant material ready to take impressions from above; and acts of flight and celestial revolution. Between them, Southwell’s methods for astronomical exploration and poetic gain reveal the capability of poetry and its expansive opportunities for the female writer.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old Norse-Icelandic Philology and National Identity in the Long Nineteenth Century ed. by Gunnlaugsson Gylfi and Clarence E. Glad (review)","authors":"Roderick McDonald","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914798","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Old Norse-Icelandic Philology and National Identity in the Long Nineteenth Century&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Gunnlaugsson Gylfi and Clarence E. Glad &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Roderick McDonald &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Gylfi Gunnlaugsson and Clarence E. Glad, eds, &lt;em&gt;Old Norse-Icelandic Philology and National Identity in the Long Nineteenth Century&lt;/em&gt; (National Cultivation of Culture, 28), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2022; hardback; pp. x, 478, R.R.P. €123.00; ISBN 9789004499652. &lt;p&gt;We seldom get the chance to explore the origins, politics, alliances, and antagonisms that lie behind the scholarly fields that we so readily take for granted. Old Norse scholars learn the craft with an awareness of the many nineteenth-century Norwegian, Danish, and German editions of Old Norse-Icelandic &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 226]&lt;/strong&gt; manuscripts, but seldom do we engage with these in any meaningful way. Even rarer is an understanding of where they came from and how their presence reflects the forces that shaped the field. This volume explores this topic, arising from the 2014–17 research project ‘Icelandic Philology and National Culture 1780–1918’, led by editors Gylfi Gunnlaugsson and Clarence E. Glad.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Romantic nationalism, patriotism, and international conflict over the rightful ownership of the manuscript heritage are in the DNA of Old Norse-Icelandic studies, yet this is often elided in our work. And then we find neo-Nazis appropriating it and wonder how to deal with that. No field is objective and apolitical, and this history is important for understanding what we do when working in Old Norse-Icelandic language, literature, and manuscripts. Indeed, the field was from the outset explicitly political, tied closely to burgeoning Icelandic statehood and the subject of bitter arguments for and against wars, Nordic nationalisms, and pan-Scandinavianism. Power swirled around nineteenth-century Copenhagen, causing tensions for Norwegians, Swedes, Icelanders, and Germans alike. This volume explores much of this. It is highly descriptive, biographical, and of great utility. In twelve chapters, the fortunes and misfortunes of scholars and their motivations for claiming authority are explored. People otherwise lost to time and known only from the title pages of old volumes are brought to life, their work placed in context, and their connections, roles, and struggles made clear.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The chapter order is chronological, commencing with Gunnlaugsson’s thorough mapping of scholarly work prior to 1830. In Chapter 2, Alderik H. Blom examines the weighty influence of Rasmus Rask (1787–1832) in asserting Icelandic as a language worthy of study and respect. Next, Annette Lasson looks at Peter Erasmus Müller’s (1776–1834) work protecting Icelandic from both Danish and German influences (who knew Jacob Grimm urged war against Denmark based on his","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After Women's Agency in Early Modern Europe","authors":"Liza Blake","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This afterword to the special issue on ‘Women’s Agency in Early Modern Europe’ takes up the question of agency from a posthumanist perspective, asking not how we can expand or extend the concept of agency beyond the (male) human, but instead whether we as scholars of early modern women might not be in a position to consider ourselves ‘after’ a focus on agency. It explores challenges to the overvaluation of agency, and reviews different ways the articles in the special issue offer challenges to the concept of agency, or methodologies for thinking beyond agency.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Lists: Information Maintenance and a Woman's Work in Early Modern Global Exchanges","authors":"Olin Moctezuma-Burns","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>As Europe saw an increase in newly known plants, the seed list format was employed to make specimens legible across an informal network for botanical exchange. This article explores the medium specifications of the format and a rich repository of these lists, compiled by the English aristocrat Mary Somerset (bap. 1630–1715), who dedicated much of her time to maintaining the flows of information that seed lists mediated. This will show the work required to make exchanges meaningful and useful, the credibility and authority this could grant to a woman like Somerset, and, significantly, the importance of maintenance in transforming mobile units of information scattered across the world into something we call knowledge.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Werewolves in Norse-Icelandic Literature: Between the Monster and the Man by Minjie Su (review)","authors":"Chris White","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914805","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Werewolves in Norse-Icelandic Literature: Between the Monster and the Man&lt;/em&gt; by Minjie Su &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Chris White &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Su, Minjie, (Borders, Boundaries, Landscapes, 3), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 227; 13 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €80,00; ISBN 9782503596006. &lt;p&gt;Minjie Su’s presents a compelling argument about the nature and role of werewolves in Norse-Icelandic literature and sagas. Su collects and examines the surviving Norse-Icelandic werewolf narratives and approaches them through a number of interesting and varied lenses, leading to a unique and comprehensive analysis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Su does this throughout the structure of the text, which is divided into analyses of the various motifs that make up the medieval werewolf. These move from the external: ‘The Werewolf’s Skin’, ‘The Werewolf’s Clothing and the She-Wolf’; to the internal: ‘The Werewolf’s Landscape and Mindscape’, ‘The Werewolf’s Purpose’; and, rather adroitly, through the internalising of the external: ‘The Werewolf’s Food and Food Taboo’. This feels like a natural progression and allows the reader to move from what seems so obviously ‘other’ about the werewolf—the physical metamorphosis of man-to-beast—to the more complex internal ‘other’—the mentality of the man-as-wolf.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A particularly intriguing component of Su’s analysis is the juxtaposition of the werewolf and leprosy, using Susan Small and Didier Anzieu’s conceptualisation of the ‘skin-ego’, which Su develops to build a comprehensive examination of the importance of skin and its reflection of internal realities in medieval Norse-Icelandic literature. Su approaches this through the analysis of skin as an identifier through a reading of (. 1330), through which she ably demonstrates the importance of skin in both social acceptance and rejection, showing how ‘the skin channels &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 240]&lt;/strong&gt; information from the inside and gives clues to the outside observers’ in these narratives, which ‘not only alters the individual’s perception of self but also others’ perception of that individual’ (pp. 38–39).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Also important is Su’s adoption of the concept of liminality as a potential explanation for the role of the werewolf in these works, adapting the sociological theories of Arnold van Gennep, Victory Turner, and Claude Lévi-Strauss, tracing the role of emotions in the stories, and what these can reveal about the society and cultures from which these stories sprang. Su also employs Guy Debord’s theories of psychogeography, and Paul S. Langeslag’s research relating to the role that seasons play in the creation of psychogeography. Su’s use of semiotic squares to introduce and summarise the mindscapes of Norse-Icelandic werewolf narratives allows for a ready understanding of the uses of pyschogeography in analysing these tales and","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ipnosi Turca. Un medico viaggiatore in terra ottomana (1618–1717) by Davide Baldi Bellini (review)","authors":"Richard W. Tait","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914789","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ipnosi Turca. Un medico viaggiatore in terra ottomana (1618–1717)&lt;/em&gt; by Davide Baldi Bellini &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Richard W. Tait &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Baldi Bellini, Davide, &lt;em&gt;Ipnosi Turca. Un medico viaggiatore in terra ottomana (1618–1717)&lt;/em&gt; (Medieval and Early Modern Europe and the World, 2), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 239; R.R.P. €60.00; ISBN 9782503599700. &lt;p&gt;Davide Baldi Bellini gives us two works in this slim volume—the first is an account of the Florentine physician Alessandro Pini (1653–1717), and specifically his life and adventures in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey. The second is an Italian translation of Pini’s work &lt;em&gt;De moribus Turcarum&lt;/em&gt; (‘On the customs of the Turks’), with extensive explanatory notes. Both works are an expansion and reworking of parts of a 2004 book, in which Baldi Bellini was also a collaborator: &lt;em&gt;Alessandro Pini viaggiatore in Egitto (1681–1683)&lt;/em&gt;, ed., Rosario Pintaudi (Istituto Italiano di Cultura del Cairo, 2004). In addition, he is the author of the entry on Pini in the &lt;em&gt;Dizionario biografico degli Italiani&lt;/em&gt; (Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana, 1960–2020), which also contains a summary of the material in the first part of this book. His book provides a detailed first-hand account of an Italian physician in the Middle East and will be valuable for those interested in the interactions between Western and Ottoman culture and science.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The account of Pini’s life and adventures is based on his correspondence with the polymath Francesco Redi (1626–1697), court physician to Grand Duke Cosimo III of Tuscany. Pini’s passion for the culture of the Middle East and its marvels is evident from his letters. This life-long enthusiasm is the basis for the book’s title: &lt;em&gt;Ipnosi Turca&lt;/em&gt; (‘Turkish hypnosis’). Pini had trained as a physician and in 1681 was dispatched by Cosimo to Egypt to send back preparations of crystallised senna (&lt;em&gt;Cassia angustifolia&lt;/em&gt;) and other medicinal simples. Senna is a laxative, and Cosimo prized the northern African variant over that available in Italy. Pini was entranced by Egyptian and Ottoman culture, quickly mastered the language, and considered himself as a cultural expert. In this edition, Baldi Bellini has used the letters to narrate a series of episodes of Pini’s life, such as his departure from Italy, his adventures in Egypt, his travels to Jerusalem and Syria, and his subsequent service as a naval doctor for the Venetian Republic. These are very readable and replete with quotations from Pini’s and Redi’s letters. The footnotes are long and discursive, full of background information. However, many scholars will find themselves looking for the complete texts of the correspondence provided in the 2004 book and might prefer the current book as a narrative support to the 2004 edition.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;P","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"877 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating the Word of God in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Catholic Preaching and Preachers across Manuscript and Print (c. 1450 to c. 1550) ed. by Veronica O'Mara and Patricia Stoop (review)","authors":"Mitchell Thompson","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914802","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Circulating the Word of God in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Catholic Preaching and Preachers across Manuscript and Print (c. 1450 to c. 1550)&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Veronica O’Mara and Patricia Stoop &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Mitchell Thompson &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; O’Mara, Veronica, and Patricia Stoop, eds, &lt;em&gt;Circulating the Word of God in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Catholic Preaching and Preachers across Manuscript and Print (c. 1450 to c. 1550)&lt;/em&gt; (Sermo, 17), Turnhout, Brepols, 2023; hardback; pp. 516; 14 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €125.00; ISBN 9782503585154. &lt;p&gt;It cannot be denied that the scholarship of recent decades has effectively dispelled the myth of a late medieval Catholicism that was entirely stagnant and moribund, and instead fostered a renewed interest in its cultural richness and vitality. However, scholars have largely refrained from engaging in extensive examinations of early modern Catholic preaching due predominantly to the sheer scarcity of sources; the iconoclastic and censorial character of ascendant Protestant movements simply means that, throughout much of Europe, swathes of such material are tragically lost. This volume, the seventeenth in Brepols’s long-running ‘Sermo’ series, serves as a valiant attempt to remedy this neglect, and the historical detective work displayed by many of its contributors is impressive precisely because the surviving documents in manuscript and print are in many cases so few.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Originating as a series of conference papers in 2017, the essays collected here are arranged conveniently by region—England, Scandinavia, Transylvania, Romance regions, Germanic lands, and the Low Countries—and along broadly chronological lines. It is important to note that the book’s goal is not to provide a definitive study of the late medieval and early modern Catholic sermon in any one geographical context, nor to offer a comprehensive history of European preaching. Rather, it provides a series of illuminating case studies designed to be, in the words of its editors, ‘merely a start to the process’ (p. 28), and to draw attention to the sermon as an important point of intersection between medieval and modern, Catholic and Protestant, manuscript and print, and public and private.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The complex relationship between manuscript, print, and personal marginalia is a prominent theme in many of the essays presented here, and it is the often-sensitive consideration of this interplay that is the collection’s greatest strength. Anne T. Thayer, for example, provides a brief but valuable survey of trends in the printing and purchasing of model sermon collections in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries and then goes on to examine those printed collections owned by the preacher Thomas Swalwell (d. 1539) of Durham Priory. In the regrettable absence of any survi","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England by Sarah A. Bendall (review)","authors":"Martin Thompson","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914792","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England&lt;/em&gt; by Sarah A. Bendall &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Martin Thompson &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Bendall, Sarah A., &lt;em&gt;Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England&lt;/em&gt;, London, Bloomsbury, 2022; paperback; pp. 338; 150 colour illustrations; R.R.P £27.99; ISBN 9781350164116. &lt;p&gt;Sarah Bendall presents &lt;em&gt;Shaping Femininity&lt;/em&gt; as a revision of anachronistic narratives of clothing history that have up until this point cast foundation garments—structural items of clothing worn to achieve fashionable sculptural silhouettes—as tools of patriarchal oppression. Situating the origin of these ideas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (and historical scholarship on these periods), Bendall outlines her ambitious project of rewriting the history of the foundation garment in England.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Not only does this rich history of the emergence and early evolution of foundation garments in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries identify the limitations of the traditional archive, but it also uses experimental historical dress reconstruction to interrogate and enliven existing textual, visual, and material sources while proposing considered and methodical (as well as replicable) strategies for filling in the gaps. Like the foundation garment itself, as Bendall explains at various points, the insight provided by her experimental reconstructions is not consigned to the single, initial layer of the outfit—it is employed variously throughout to help shape, support, and showcase Bendall’s argument. This is not insignificantly aided by 150 colour illustrations that place reproductions of contemporary woodcuts, prints, and paintings alongside modern photographs of both rare extant examples of foundation garments and her own experimental reconstructions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first chapter provides a chronological overview of structural fashions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, allowing Bendall to situate bodies, bum rolls, and farthingales in their broader early modern and European contexts and permitting her to proceed thematically in the subsequent chapters. The essential argument of this first section is that early modern discourse ‘conflated foundation garments with the parts of the body that they clothed or concealed’ (p. 19). Using a variety of visual, textual, and material evidence, Bendall illustrates the ways in which discourse, garments, and bodies shaped one another—both literally and metaphorically—in the early modern period. &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 216]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Having established the conceptual conflation of body and foundation garment, Bendall explores the role that elite court aesthetics played in reshaping the female body in the sixteenth century. The premise that ‘the performativity of","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thraldom: A History of Slavery in the Viking Age by Stefan Brink (review)","authors":"John Kennedy","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2023.a914793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a914793","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thraldom: A History of Slavery in the Viking Age&lt;/em&gt; by Stefan Brink &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; John Kennedy &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Brink, Stefan, &lt;em&gt;Thraldom: A History of Slavery in the Viking Age&lt;/em&gt;, New York, Oxford University Press, 2021; cloth; pp. xii, 392; 37 b/w figures; R.R.P. US$37.95; ISBN 9780197532355. &lt;p&gt;In his foreword and acknowledgements, Stefan Brink identities &lt;em&gt;Thraldom&lt;/em&gt; as a ‘revised’ and ‘extensively extended version’ of a book he published in Swedish in 2012. Though not further identified there, the book is &lt;em&gt;Vikingarnas slavar: den nordiska träldomen under yngre järnålder och äldsta medeltid&lt;/em&gt; (Atlantis, 2012), which was republished as a paperback in 2018. Signs of this origin remain evident in the English language book, most notably and somewhat confusingly in the use of Scandinavian periodisation practice, so that the Viking Age is ‘prehistory’ and the twelfth century is ‘early medieval’. Some of the discussion, notably in the chapter devoted to Ålmeboda Parish in Småland, is most likely to have limited interest to an audience outside Sweden.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Despite its subtitle, this book is not a history of Viking Age slavery. As the author amply demonstrates, the sources do not permit such a chronological survey. But displaying mastery of a remarkably wide range of sources, including later literature and law codes but also encompassing archaeology, runic inscriptions, place names, personal names, DNA, and etymology, Stefan Brink provides a very rich, sound, and wide-ranging discussion about slavery in the Viking period. He clearly indicates that there seem to have been very diverse kinds of slavery and semi-slavery, and he argues that, except perhaps in Iceland, slavery was not as commonplace as some previous writers have believed. Much of the book focuses on comparing Nordic slavery to that elsewhere in the world, particularly the ancient world, the Islamic realms, and other parts of medieval Europe. (He argues that American antebellum slavery was not a comparable phenomenon.) The material relating to these societies is often fascinating, but perhaps it receives proportionally more attention than it deserves for purposes of comparison. &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 218]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A listing of Brink’s seventeen chapters is readily available online. It reveals a wide range of diverse topics and, arguably, a relatively loose structure. The chapter entitled ‘The Rise and Fall of Scandinavian Thraldom: When Did Slavery Appear in Scandinavia?’ is the fifteenth chapter, near the end of the book, and focuses almost entirely on the origins of slavery, its ‘fall’ being outside the Viking period. Some of the material that appears is at least mildly surprising in the context of this book. The long chapter ‘Terms for Thralls and their Meanings’ is largely a moderately in-depth study of","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}