Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences最新文献

The Dynamics of Debt Bondage in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences 巴基斯坦债务质役的动态：原因与后果

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00427-y

Abdul Wahid, Nancy H. Mantell, Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz

{"title":"The Dynamics of Debt Bondage in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences","authors":"Abdul Wahid, Nancy H. Mantell, Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00427-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00427-y","url":null,"abstract":"Bonded labor, also known as debt slavery, has emerged as the predominant form of debt bondage in numerous developing economies. In the context of Pakistan, despite its legal prohibition, the practice is supported by an influential segment of society. This phenomenon is deeply rooted in a matrix of governmental failure, autocratic governance structures, pervasive social inequalities, and the systemic marginalization of specific communities. This study uses a distinctive dataset to scrutinize the statistical dynamics of bonded labor in Pakistan. Utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, we investigate the likelihood of individuals resorting to debt bondage in Pakistan. Our analysis identifies a constellation of critical factors intimately linked with the profiles and household backgrounds of individuals entangled in debt bondage. These determinants encompass inherited familial wealth, acute health crises, unforeseeable catastrophic occurrences, household income levels, educational attainment, the burden of dependents, and the financial implications of dowry obligations. Furthermore, our research elucidates a significant association between the economic marginalization within labor markets and the wage disparities underscored and exacerbated by debt bondage contracts.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interreligious Testimonial Dialogue in the Immanent Frame of a Secular Age 世俗时代即时框架下的宗教间证言对话

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00425-0

Andrew Tsz Wan Hung

{"title":"Interreligious Testimonial Dialogue in the Immanent Frame of a Secular Age","authors":"Andrew Tsz Wan Hung","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00425-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00425-0","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the plausible approach of interreligious dialogue in a secular world. It first examines Taylor’s account of the immanent frame in his A Secular Age. This helps us to grasp the moral spiritual outlook of the modern world and the underlying moral concerns of the controversies between the religions and secularists. I then examine Taylor’s claim regarding the indispensability of transcendence in achieving the fullness of human life which is criticized by non-transcendentists and naturalist mundane transcendentists. I argue that the phenomenon of these controversies, on the one hand, is consistent with Taylor’s account of the Nova effect in the secular world, and, on the other hand, that assessing these different versions of transcendence via Taylor’s historical hermeneutical approach or Wainwright’s inference to the best explanation may raise the problem of Christian-centric or epistemic circularity. Furthermore, as we are now living in the immanent frame, interreligious dialogue cannot be implemented without the practical concerns of ordinary life. Inspired by Ricoeur’s idea of testimony and narrative identity, I argue for a kind of interreligious testimonial dialogue which integrates morality, actions, thought and experience into communication, so that it can enhance mutual sympathetic understanding, broaden the life vision between participants, no matter whether religious or nonreligious, and break through the limitation of epistemic circularity.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Relationship Between Factor Loadings and Component Loadings When Latent Traits and Specificities are Treated as Latent Factors 当潜在特质和特异性被视为潜在因子时，因子载荷与成分载荷之间的关系

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00422-3

Kentaro Hayashi, Ke-Hai Yuan, Peter M. Bentler

{"title":"On the Relationship Between Factor Loadings and Component Loadings When Latent Traits and Specificities are Treated as Latent Factors","authors":"Kentaro Hayashi, Ke-Hai Yuan, Peter M. Bentler","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00422-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00422-3","url":null,"abstract":"Most existing studies on the relationship between factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA) focus on approximating the common factors by the first few components via the closeness between their loadings. Based on a setup in Bentler and de Leeuw (Psychometrika 76:461–470, 2011), this study examines the relationship between FA loadings and PCA loadings when specificities are treated as latent factors. In particular, we will examine the closeness between the two types of loadings when the number of observed variables (p) increases. Parallel to the development in Schneeweiss (Multivar Behav Res 32:375–401, 1997), an average squared canonical correlation (ASCC) is used as the criterion for measuring the closeness. We show that the ASCC can be partitioned into two parts, the first of which is a function of FA loadings and the inverse correlation matrix, and the second of which is a function of unique variances and the inverse correlation matrix of the observed variables. We examine the behavior of these two parts as p approaches infinity. The study gives a different perspective on the relationship between PCA and FA, and the results add additional insights on the selection of the two types of methods in the analysis of high dimensional data.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Constitution of Hierarchy 等级制度的构成

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00401-8

Adrian Vermeule

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the K1 Rule, Parallel Analysis, and the Bass-Ackward Method on Identifying the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis K1 法则、平行分析法和 Bass-Ackward 法在因子分析中确定因子个数的比较

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00423-2

Lingbo Tong, Wen Qu, Zhiyong Zhang

{"title":"Comparison of the K1 Rule, Parallel Analysis, and the Bass-Ackward Method on Identifying the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis","authors":"Lingbo Tong, Wen Qu, Zhiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00423-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00423-2","url":null,"abstract":"Factor analysis is widely utilized to identify latent factors underlying the observed variables. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of two widely used methods for determining the optimal number of factors in factor analysis, the K1 rule, and parallel analysis, along with a more recently developed method, the bass-ackward method. We provide an in-depth exploration of these techniques, discussing their historical development, advantages, and limitations. Using a series of Monte Carlo simulations, we assess the efficacy of these methods in accurately determining the appropriate number of factors. Specifically, we examine two cessation criteria within the bass-ackward framework: BA-maxLoading and BA-cutoff. Our findings offer nuanced insights into the performance of these methods under various conditions, illuminating their respective advantages and potential pitfalls. To enhance accessibility, we create an online visualization tool tailored to the factor structures generated by the bass-ackward method. This research enriches the understanding of factor analysis methodology, assists researchers in method selection, and facilitates comprehensive interpretation of latent factor structures.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Hybrid Method: Resolving the Impact of Variable Ordering in Bayesian Network Structure Learning 混合方法：解决贝叶斯网络结构学习中变量排序的影响

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00421-4

Minglan Li, Yueqin Hu

{"title":"A Hybrid Method: Resolving the Impact of Variable Ordering in Bayesian Network Structure Learning","authors":"Minglan Li, Yueqin Hu","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00421-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00421-4","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the development of machine learning has introduced new analytical methods to theoretical research, one of which is Bayesian network—a probabilistic graphical model well-suited for modelling complex non-deterministic systems. A recent study has revealed that the order in which variables are read from data can impact the structure of a Bayesian network (Kitson and Constantinou in The impact of variable ordering on Bayesian Network Structure Learning, 2022. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.08952). However, in empirical studies, the variable order in a dataset is often arbitrary, leading to unreliable results. To address this issue, this study proposed a hybrid method that combined theory-driven and data-driven approaches to mitigate the impact of variable ordering on the learning of Bayesian network structures. The proposed method was illustrated using an empirical study predicting depression and aggressive behavior in high school students. The results demonstrated that the obtained Bayesian network structure is robust to variable orders and theoretically interpretable. The commonalities and specificities in the network structure of depression and aggressive behavior are both in line with theorical expectations, providing empirical evidence for the validity of the hybrid method.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainability Assessment in Mining: A CSR-Based Analysis Model for Social and Environmental Impact 采矿业可持续性评估：基于企业社会责任的社会和环境影响分析模型

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00419-y

Marc Bascompta, M. Yousefian, Carla Vintró, Lluís Sanmiquel, Rafael Rodríguez, María Teresa Yubero

引用次数: 0

Natural Resources Rent and Finance in the Presence of Corruption Control: An Asymmetric Approach 腐败控制下的自然资源租金与融资：不对称方法

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00418-z

Ibrahim Sambo Farouq, Zunaidah Sulong

{"title":"Natural Resources Rent and Finance in the Presence of Corruption Control: An Asymmetric Approach","authors":"Ibrahim Sambo Farouq, Zunaidah Sulong","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00418-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00418-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically examines the nexus between natural resource rent and financial development in the context of the developing economy of Nigeria, between 1990 and 2021, by considering the important role of corruption control under an asymmetric approach. The study further looked at the influence of information technology, and renewable energy, on financial development. The bound test result confirms the existence of a long-term relationship among the variables. This study first uses the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) model to capture the asymmetry that arises from positive or negative components of natural resource rent. The empirical evidence of the NARDL estimation shows that natural resource rent negatively influences financial development; meanwhile, corruption control boosts financial development and positively moderates this relationship in the Nigerian context. This confirms the existence of a natural resource curse. The results further explained that both information technology, renewable energy, and corruption control enhance financial development. Furthermore, the causality test discovers that there exists a bidirectional causal relationship between financial development and the scrutinized variables. These findings offer valuable policy recommendations for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Radicalism” and “Conservatism”: The Philosophical Argument of Human Enhancement Technologies (HET) and Its Resolution "激进主义 "与 "保守主义"：人类增强技术（HET）的哲学论证及其解决方案

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00413-4

Xianfei Yi, Zhuang Liu

引用次数: 0

Insufficient Statistical Power of the Chi-Square Model Fit Test for the Exclusion Assumption of the Instrumental Variable Method 工具变量法排除假设的齐次方模型拟合检验的统计能力不足

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00414-3

Zijun Ke

{"title":"Insufficient Statistical Power of the Chi-Square Model Fit Test for the Exclusion Assumption of the Instrumental Variable Method","authors":"Zijun Ke","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00414-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00414-3","url":null,"abstract":"Regression estimates are biased when potential confounders are omitted or when there are other similar risks to validity. The instrumental variable (IV) method can be used instead to obtain less biased estimates or to strengthen causal inferences. One key assumption critical to the validity of the IV method is the exclusion assumption, which requires instruments to be correlated with the outcome variable only through endogenous predictors. The chi-square test of model fit is widely used as a diagnostic test for this assumption. Previous simulation studies assessed the power of this diagnostic test only in situations with strong violations of the exclusion assumption. However, low to moderate levels of assumption violation are not uncommon in reality, especially when the exclusion assumption is violated indirectly. In this study, we showed through Monte Carlo simulations that the chi-square model fit test suffered from a severe lack of power (< 30%) to detect violations of the exclusion assumption when the level of violation was of typical size, and the IV causal inferences were severely inaccurate and misleading in this case. We thus advise using the IV method with caution unless there is a chance for thorough assumption diagnostics, like in meta-analyses or experiments.","PeriodicalId":43537,"journal":{"name":"Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141171894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0