Abdul Wahid, Nancy H. Mantell, Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz
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The Dynamics of Debt Bondage in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences
Bonded labor, also known as debt slavery, has emerged as the predominant form of debt bondage in numerous developing economies. In the context of Pakistan, despite its legal prohibition, the practice is supported by an influential segment of society. This phenomenon is deeply rooted in a matrix of governmental failure, autocratic governance structures, pervasive social inequalities, and the systemic marginalization of specific communities. This study uses a distinctive dataset to scrutinize the statistical dynamics of bonded labor in Pakistan. Utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, we investigate the likelihood of individuals resorting to debt bondage in Pakistan. Our analysis identifies a constellation of critical factors intimately linked with the profiles and household backgrounds of individuals entangled in debt bondage. These determinants encompass inherited familial wealth, acute health crises, unforeseeable catastrophic occurrences, household income levels, educational attainment, the burden of dependents, and the financial implications of dowry obligations. Furthermore, our research elucidates a significant association between the economic marginalization within labor markets and the wage disparities underscored and exacerbated by debt bondage contracts.
期刊介绍:
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences (FJHSS) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes research papers across all academic disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. The Journal aims to promote multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies, bridge diverse communities of the humanities and social sciences in the world, provide a platform of academic exchange for scholars and readers from all countries and all regions, promote intellectual development in China’s humanities and social sciences, and encourage original, theoretical, and empirical research into new areas, new issues, and new subject matters. Coverage in FJHSS emphasizes the combination of a “local” focus (e.g., a country- or region-specific perspective) with a “global” concern, and engages in the international scholarly dialogue by offering comparative or global analyses and discussions from multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary perspectives. The journal features special topics, special issues, and original articles of general interest in the disciplines of humanities and social sciences. The journal also invites leading scholars as guest editors to organize special issues or special topics devoted to certain important themes, subject matters, and research agendas in the humanities and social sciences.