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Over Hill and Dale in Pursuit of the Russian Fox 越过山丘和山谷追赶俄罗斯狐狸

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340010

K. Platt

引用次数: 0

Balancing the Books and Staging Operas under Duress: Bolshoi Theater Management, Wartime Economy and State Sponsorship in 1941–1945 在胁迫下平衡书籍和上演歌剧:1941-1945年的莫斯科大剧院管理、战时经济和国家赞助

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340016

A. Golovlev

{"title":"Balancing the Books and Staging Operas under Duress: Bolshoi Theater Management, Wartime Economy and State Sponsorship in 1941–1945","authors":"A. Golovlev","doi":"10.30965/18763316-12340016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article examines the financial history of the Bolshoi within USSR’s mobilized wartime cultural industry as an example of a cultural institution highly placed in the Stalinist establishment and symbolic canon. It explores the income-outcome flows, personnel management, the impact of evacuation, notably on Bolshoi’s hard capital, and relations with supervising authorities. The theater’s perceived importance within the war effort conditioned unshakable financial support, a non-market protective environment, and lenient administrative treatment, contrasting with logistical and personnel challenges which the house only partly mastered. This relative stability stands in contrast with the absence of strong leadership, as the director’s position was kept vacant in stark difference to most European opera theaters. The shock of 1941–1942 was absorbed with internal adjustment measures and external subventions, and the Bolshoi’s budgets swelled towards the end of the war, indicating inflation and the house’s “most-favored-opera status”. The stable and conservative management still showed shortcomings, which the state chose not to punish. The opera’s symbolic and prestige capital trumped quantitative efficiency, creating a haven in the war economy.","PeriodicalId":43441,"journal":{"name":"RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47197291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

De-Russification of Government as a Factor in the Disintegration of the USSR 政府去俄罗斯化是苏联解体的一个因素

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340017

B. Mironov

{"title":"De-Russification of Government as a Factor in the Disintegration of the USSR","authors":"B. Mironov","doi":"10.30965/18763316-12340017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1990, the political inequality of the nationalities’ representation in institutions of governance was overcome, non-Russians’ participation in the power structures increased, and Russians’ role in administration correspondingly decreased. The increased non-Russian percentage in governance was mainly due to the introduction of the democratic principle in government formation, according to which ethnicities should participate in proportion to their number. By 1990 in the USSR overall, Russians had a slight majority in all power structures, corresponding roughly to their higher share in the country’s population. In the union republics, however, the situation was different. Only in the RSFSR did all peoples, Russian and non-Russian, participate in government administration in proportion to their numbers, following the democratic norm. Elsewhere, Russians were underrepresented and therefore discriminated against in all organs of power, including the legislative branch. Representatives of non-Russian titular nationalities, who on average filled two-thirds of all administrative positions, predominated in disproportion to their numbers. Given these representatives’ skill majority in legislative bodies, republican constitutions permitted them to adopt any laws and resolutions they desired, including laws on secession from the USSR; and the executive and judicial authorities, together with law enforcement, would undoubtedly support them. Thus, the structural prerequisites for disintegration were established. Thereafter, the fate of the Soviet Union depended on republican elites and the geopolitical environment, because of the Center’s purposeful national policy, aimed toward increasing non-Russian representation among administrative cadres and the accelerated modernization and developmental equalization of the republics.","PeriodicalId":43441,"journal":{"name":"RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42344303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age of Genius or Century of Revolution? Russian Culture and Power Across the High-Low Divide, 1850–1950 天才时代还是革命世纪？1850–1950年跨越高低鸿沟的俄罗斯文化与力量

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340008

Michael David‐Fox

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引用次数: 0

In Search of a Cultural Code 寻找文化密码

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340012

Olga V. Velikanova

引用次数: 1

Reflecting on Jeffrey Brooks’ The Firebird and the Fox: The Unusual but True Adventures of a Soviet Agronomist 反思杰弗里·布鲁克斯的《火鸟与狐狸：一位苏联农学家不同寻常但真实的冒险》

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340009

Muireann Maguire

引用次数: 0

Reading Between the Institutions, Reading Between the Genres, Reading Between the Lines: Jeffrey Brooks’ The Firebird and the Fox 制度之间的阅读，体裁之间的阅读，字里行间的阅读:杰弗里·布鲁克斯的《火鸟与狐狸》

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340011

W. Todd

{"title":"Reading Between the Institutions, Reading Between the Genres, Reading Between the Lines: Jeffrey Brooks’ The Firebird and the Fox","authors":"W. Todd","doi":"10.30965/18763316-12340011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Jeffrey Brooks’ new book, The Firebird and the Fox, draws on an unsurpassed knowledge of Russian literature and culture of all levels, from the folk and popular to the canonical and avant-garde. It divides the “age of genius” (1855–1953) into three periods: the emancipation of the arts (1850–1889), politics and the arts (1890–1916), the Bolshevik Revolution and the arts (1917–1950), each with its own configurations of popular and high culture and construction of creative artists, media, and readers. But three core themes overarch the periods and the exceptionally broad range of phenomena the book discusses: freedom and order, boundaries, art and reality. Throughout Brooks analyzes crossovers and intersections between cultural institutions, between genres and media, and – especially for the Soviet period – between the lines. His categories are at times sociological, historical, and literary. The book implies a theory of cultural production that gives unusual weight to the agency of creative artists. In conclusion readings of three works Brooks does not analyze (Dostoevsky’s Demons, Bely’s Petersburg, and Eisenstein’s Alexander Nevsky) illustrate the productivity of Brooks’ broad and humane approach to Russian artistic culture.","PeriodicalId":43441,"journal":{"name":"RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48163792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author’s Response to Commentaries 作者对评论的回应

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340014

J. Brooks

引用次数: 0

Why Did Russia Not Become a Composite State? 为什么俄罗斯没有成为一个综合国家?

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340006

A. Filyushkin

{"title":"Why Did Russia Not Become a Composite State?","authors":"A. Filyushkin","doi":"10.30965/18763316-12340006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper asks how the Russian Empire emerged. In the course of European monarchical rise of the 16–17th centuries, composite monarchies turned into nation states and then empires. Russia never became a composite; very soon after its emergence at the end of the 15th century, it immediately moved to the imperial stage. The answer to why this happened is the key to understanding the Russian Empire’s history. One factor that prevented Russia from building a composite monarchy was the weakness of political actors united under Moscow’s leadership. European composite monarchies emerged when and where the dominant monarchy forcefully broke local laws, fought against local class and political systems. But Moscow’s rivals were too weak, and Russian monarchs did not need to compromise with them. A shared Orthodox faith, common culture, language, and economic structure, as well as the absence of natural borders on the Eastern European plain were other factors that allowed Moscow to ignore the rights of conquered regions. Russia’s background as a part of the Mongol Empire also played a role. By the time Russia faced strong European monarchical competitors, its imperial development path already formed. An important feature of the early Muscovite Empire was the dominance of political practice over ideology. The ideological design of the Empire occurred only in the 18th and 19th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the imperial character of Muscovy was formed intuitively and spontaneously; one might call it a neonatal, rudimentary, infant empire.","PeriodicalId":43441,"journal":{"name":"RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89054745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Josephans and Non-Possessors (Trans-Volga Elders) during the Reign of Ivan IV 伊凡四世统治时期的约瑟夫人和非占有者(跨伏尔加长老)

IF 0.2 4区历史学

RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.30965/18763316-12340003

C. Halperin

引用次数: 0