政府去俄罗斯化是苏联解体的一个因素

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
B. Mironov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在1917年至1990年的苏联,民族在治理机构中代表性的政治不平等得到了克服,非俄罗斯人在权力结构中的参与增加,俄罗斯人在行政中的作用相应减少。非俄罗斯人在治理中所占比例的增加主要是由于在政府组建中引入了民主原则,根据该原则,种族应按比例参与。到1990年,在苏联,俄罗斯人在所有权力结构中都占微弱多数,这大致相当于他们在该国人口中所占的较高份额。然而,在联邦共和国,情况有所不同。只有在RSFSR中,所有人,无论是俄罗斯人还是非俄罗斯人,都按照民主规范,按人数比例参与政府管理。在其他地方,俄罗斯人的代表性不足,因此在包括立法部门在内的所有权力机构中都受到歧视。非俄罗斯名义国籍的代表平均占据了所有行政职位的三分之二,占主导地位的人数与他们的人数不成比例。鉴于这些代表在立法机构中的技能占多数,共和国宪法允许他们通过任何他们想要的法律和决议,包括关于脱离苏联的法律;行政和司法当局以及执法部门无疑会支持他们。因此,确立了解体的结构先决条件。此后,苏联的命运取决于共和精英和地缘政治环境,因为该中心有目的的国家政策旨在增加行政干部中的非俄罗斯代表性,并加速各共和国的现代化和发展平等。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
De-Russification of Government as a Factor in the Disintegration of the USSR
In the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1990, the political inequality of the nationalities’ representation in institutions of governance was overcome, non-Russians’ participation in the power structures increased, and Russians’ role in administration correspondingly decreased. The increased non-Russian percentage in governance was mainly due to the introduction of the democratic principle in government formation, according to which ethnicities should participate in proportion to their number. By 1990 in the USSR overall, Russians had a slight majority in all power structures, corresponding roughly to their higher share in the country’s population. In the union republics, however, the situation was different. Only in the RSFSR did all peoples, Russian and non-Russian, participate in government administration in proportion to their numbers, following the democratic norm. Elsewhere, Russians were underrepresented and therefore discriminated against in all organs of power, including the legislative branch. Representatives of non-Russian titular nationalities, who on average filled two-thirds of all administrative positions, predominated in disproportion to their numbers. Given these representatives’ skill majority in legislative bodies, republican constitutions permitted them to adopt any laws and resolutions they desired, including laws on secession from the USSR; and the executive and judicial authorities, together with law enforcement, would undoubtedly support them. Thus, the structural prerequisites for disintegration were established. Thereafter, the fate of the Soviet Union depended on republican elites and the geopolitical environment, because of the Center’s purposeful national policy, aimed toward increasing non-Russian representation among administrative cadres and the accelerated modernization and developmental equalization of the republics.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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