Nutrition and Dietary Supplements最新文献

{"title":"Anti-Cancer and Other Biological Effects of a Dietary Compound 3,3ʹ-Diindolylmethane Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Human Clinical Trials","authors":"Dagnachew Eyachew Amare","doi":"10.2147/nds.s261577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s261577","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To systematically review the human clinical trial published studies regarding a dietary compound 3,3 ʹ -diindolylmethane (DIM) clinical ef fi cacy towards the prevention and treatment of cancer and other diseases, its bioavailability, safety, and consistency of the results. Methods: An electronic literature search of PubMed database (14), Cochrane Clinical Trials library (3), and Google Scholar (5) from inception to Feb 2020 was conducted. All the in vitro, animal, epidemiological, and review studies of DIM were excluded. Twenty-two randomized or controlled human clinical trials with prospective/retrospective studies published in the English language and that involved DIM intervention on human participants were extracted. Results: DIM has increased estrogen metabolism, decreased androgen-speci fi c antigen, up-regulated BRCA1 expression, and increased androgen hormone-binding globulin. This suggests that DIM may have a promising bene fi cial role as a chemo-preventive supplement for breast and prostate cancers. DIM has shown some clinical ef fi cacy to treat cervical/ prostate dysplasia, human papilloma-virus, and warts. Conclusion: The absence of clinical evidence about DIM ef fi cacy to treat prostate or breast cancer patients is the concern as this dietary compound is being advocated as a supplement in the market to treat these disease conditions. The maximum DIM intervention time for breast and prostate cancer patients was 28 days and 12 months, respectively, and most of the prospective trials were targeting DIM biological fate, than adequately addressing DIM ef fi cacy in treating breast or prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s261577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46367119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Interventions Deliver Value in Healthcare: Real-World Evidence","authors":"S. Sulo, L. Gramlich, J. Benjamin, S. McCauley, J. Powers, K. Sriram, Kristi R. Mitchell","doi":"10.2147/nds.s262364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s262364","url":null,"abstract":": Value is a key guiding principle in healthcare, yet value is defined in varying ways by different stakeholders. In this paper, we review evidence of the health and financial tolls of malnutrition or poor nutrition, report positive results from recent nutrition-focused quality improvement programs in hospitals, and discuss clinical and policy implications of realizing best-practice nutrition care. Hospitalized patients with malnutrition diagnoses have up to two-fold greater hospital costs for care compared to inpatient stays for adequately nourished patients. By contrast, implementation of nutrition care programs for hospitalized adults (nutrition status screening, assessment and diagnosis of malnutrition, oral nutritional supplements provided when indicated) is associated with substantial per-patient, per-episode healthcare savings approaching $4,000. Improved nutrition care has also been associated with fewer complications and faster recovery (shortened lengths of stay, lower readmission rates). Nutrition care thus delivers value, which is evidenced by better patient outcomes at cost savings to healthcare systems.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s262364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Iodine Deficiency on Academic Performance of School Children in Dawro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Agize Asfaw, T. Belachew","doi":"10.2147/nds.s259104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s259104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most visible effect of iodine deficiency (ID) is goiter, but the worst and much greater public health problem is its impact on the developing brain. Despite relatively increased attention to the consequences of ID on physical health, there are only a few studies on the influence of ID on schooling in Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of chronic ID on academic performance of school children in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: This study was conducted on 652 schoolchildren selected from six primary schools in southwest Ethiopia. Using prospective cohort study design, 362 iodine-deficient and 290 iodine-sufficient children were followed for the difference in academic grade scores for a period of 18 months. Results: Average grade score of children for both groups was 72.5%. Among iodine-deficient children, about two-thirds (65.8%) performed below the mean grade score (χ 2 (df), 46.86 (1), p <0.001). Both school absenteeism and dropout from school were sign-ificantly higher for iodine-deficient children. For example, for a single day's absence from a class, the average grade score declined by 1.1 points (β=−1.10, 95% CI, −1.52, −0.70). Conclusion: Despite the efforts made by the Ethiopian government on universal salt iodization and other iodine deficiency disorder prevention programs for the last decade, many south Ethiopian children were unable to utilize their full academic potential due to chronic iodine deficiency. Trial Registration:","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s259104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44268934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Dietary Practice and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Rural Communities of Illu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Tsegaye, Dessalegn Tamiru, T. Belachew","doi":"10.2147/nds.s257610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s257610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s257610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Iranian Pregnant Women","authors":"M. Sepandi, S. Esmailzadeh, M. Hosseini, S. Hashemi, S. Abbaszadeh, Y. Alimohamadi, M. Taghdir","doi":"10.2147/nds.s261229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s261229","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D de fi ciency (VDD) is a common concern. A high prevalence of VDD has been reported among pregnant women in different countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of VDD in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 267 pregnant women (before 14 weeks of gestation). The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured. Demographic data (age, educational level, season of blood sampling, and vitamin D supplementation intake) were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Based on the results of the study, 205 out of 267 subjects (76.8%) had de fi cient vitamin D levels (<20 ng/mL), 39 (14.6%) had insuf fi cient levels (20 – 29 ng/mL), and 23 (8.6%) had suf fi cient levels ( ≥ 30 ng/mL). In addition, 133 women (49.8%) had severe VDD. VDD The prevalence of VDD was higher among the younger age group than in the older group ( P =0.04). In multivariate analysis, the only variable that was signi fi cantly associated with low vitamin D status was taking supplements. Those who were not receiving vitamin D supplements had higher odds of VDD status (adjusted odds ratio=77.3, 95% CI 23.9 – 249.6). Conclusion: VDD is a public health problem in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy. Greater awareness among healthcare providers and the community is required for prevention and appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s261229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42557840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s Involvement in Household Decision-Making and Nutrition Related-Knowledge as Predictors of Child Global Acute Malnutrition in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study","authors":"S. Girma, Arefayne Alenko","doi":"10.2147/nds.s252342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s252342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Global acute malnutrition is one of the major contributors to the death of young children. It accounts for about 35% to 55% of all childhood deaths in low- and middle-income countries. However, there have been limited studies examining the relationship between global acute malnutrition and women ’ s involvement in decision-making, and nutrition-related knowledge in the locality. Patients and Methods: A case – control study was conducted from March to April 2018. The sample size was determined using Epi Info statistical software, and a total of 234 children with their parents involved in the study. Childs ’ height was measured using a stadiometer, and a digital weight scale was used to measure child weight. Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) was computed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro Software. Women ’ s involvement in household decision-making was assessed using the household decision-making index. Socio-demographic and maternal nutrition-related knowledge were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data entry and statistical analysis were done using EpiData 3.1 and Statistical Package for Social Science 24.0 (SPSS). Statistically, a signi fi cant association was declared by adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% con fi dence interval (CI), and P -value less than or equal to 0.05. Results: About three- fi fths of mothers whose children were cases had poor nutrition-related knowledge regarding optimal child feeding. The study found poor maternal nutrition-related knowledge (AOR 5.16, 95% CI (1.9, 13.96)), not attending formal education (AOR 4.98, 95% CI (2.09, 11.82)), lack of maternal involvement in household decision-making (AOR 4.68, 95% CI (1.99, 10.97)), and lowest wealth index (AOR 3.76, 95% CI (1.24, 11.38)) as independent predictors. Conclusion and Recommendation: Maternal nutrition-related knowledge, maternal educational status, and involvement in household decision-making were found to be independent predictors of child global acute malnutrition. Emphasis needs to be given in strengthening girls ’ education, nutrition education, household economic strengthening activities, and women empowerment in decision-making. http://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S252342","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s252342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Benefits of a Vegan Diet: Current Insights","authors":"C. Radnitz, Jingwen Ni, Danielle Dennis, Brianna Cerrito","doi":"10.2147/nds.s191793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s191793","url":null,"abstract":": To assess the health bene fi ts of a vegan diet, observational studies of diabetes (non-insulindependent;NIDDM),cancer,mortality,gutmicrobiota,hypertension,lipids,andoverweight were examined. Utilizing PRISMA items to identify articles and assess their quality for inclusion, 44 studies were screened into the review. In two separate studies, vegans did not have a reduced risk of diagnosis of “ any ” cancer, nor of speci fi c cancers when the effects of BMI were adjusted. When datawereaggregated,therewasareducedriskofanycancer.Veganshadlowertotalcholesteroland LDL-C levels compared to omnivores, and in some cases other dietary groups. In the US, there was areduced riskofadiagnosisofNIDDMandinWesterncountries,veganshad lowerBMI.Research support for reduced risk of diagnosis of female cancers, improved mortality rates, lower blood pressure, lower triglycerides, and a healthier microbiome for vegans compared to omnivores was inconsistent. There was no evidence that reduced speci fi c cancer incidence rates were lower in vegans although inadequate sample sizes had hampered these analyses. In vegans, HDL-C levels were either lower or not signi fi cantly different from omnivores. Geographic location was a strong moderatorwiththemostcompellingevidenceforthehealthadvantagesofavegandietcomingfrom the US, whereas in Taiwan, India and Vietnam, there was much less evidence of its bene fi t. In some instances, sex moderated the association between adopting the diet and health outcomes. speci fi c the diet, dietary comparison groups utilized in studies may alsoaffectresults.Althoughavegandietisassociatedwithsomehealthbene fi ts,thelevelofsupport for the bene fi t varied according to the health outcome being measured, with evidence emerging that BMI is an important mediator and geography and to a lesser extent sex are important moderators.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s191793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Novel Infant Milk Formula Bioactives","authors":"J. Skolnick, C. Chou, J. Miklavcic","doi":"10.2147/nds.s192099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s192099","url":null,"abstract":": Human milk provides optimal infant nutrition for early life development. However, there are situations in which human milk feeding is not the most viable option for infant nutrition. Some factors include maternal illness, lactation insuf fi ciency, storage complications, and time constraints. As a result, modern infant formula has become a substitute or alternative when breastfeeding is not possible or is inadequate for infants. In the optimal design of formula, many factors are considered in creating a product that is safe and provides a nutritional pro fi le either equivalent to human milk or in optimal alignment with infant needs. Human milk composition serves as a reference for infant formula formulation. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a synopsis of recent advances in infant formula research in the past 5 years (2014 – 2018). Speci fi cally, the breadth of bioactive components of human milk that are not yet available in infant formulas and dose optimization requirements in full-term infants are reviewed. The nutritional value of infant formulas has been improved by adding functional bioactive ingredients such as choline, strains of probiotics, and prebiotic oligosaccharides. There are considerable variations in the composition of available infant formulas between manufacturers and across different coun-tries. Formulas still generally lack important contents such as antibodies and exosomes that are present in human milk. Some of the adverse health outcomes associated with formula feeding as compared with human milk feeding are attributed to the different composition of the foods. This literature review summarizes the most recent research aimed at advancing infant formula composition to narrow the difference in health outcomes between human milk and formula-fed infants.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s192099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Delanta District; North East Ethiopia","authors":"S. Tadesse, T. Mekonnen","doi":"10.2147/nds.s237407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s237407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s237407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake of Infant and Young Children and Assessment of Dietary Adequacy Indicators in a Pastoral Setting, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Megersa","doi":"10.2147/NDS.S231591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S231591","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pastoral system is undergoing rapid socioeconomic transformation and livelihood shifts that may facilitate dietary transitions. Understanding the feeding practices and dietary intake is vitally important for designing an intervention program that addresses the nutrition needs of children in pastoral areas where scarcity of dietary information exists. Methods: Community-based study of dietary intake and questionnaire survey was conducted in Borana pastoral system of southern Ethiopia. The study aimed at investigating the dietary intake of under- fi ve children (n=538) and to assess how well dietary diversity score (DDS), milk and meal frequencies estimate the adequacy of nutrient intake under pastoral context. Recipes and ingredients used to prepare the foods were recorded, and the portion size was estimated to calculate the nutrient contents per 100 grams of the food items. Then, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of a given nutrient and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated. Results: The study showed that children had a low level of DDS (2.7) and meal frequency (2.3), but had satisfactory milk frequency (4.3). About 31.2% of the children had met minimum meal frequency while only a few (11.7%) attained the minimum DDS. Dairy (99.8%) was the most consumed food item followed by cereals (83.6%) and legumes (53.5%). Thus, dairy contributed to a higher percentage (>85%) of calcium, vitamin A and Vitamin B2 requirements. Dairy marketing was found to have signi fi cant effects on dietary patterns i.e. has reduced milk frequency but associated with an increased number of meals per day. Overall, inadequate intakes (NAR < 66%) were observed for Vitamins A, B1, C, folic acid, and Iron. Assessment of dietary adequacy indicators showed that DDS had a greater ROC area (0.71) and better prediction of dietary quality than meal (0.62) and milk (0.50) frequencies, but did not differ from the average of milk and meal frequencies (0.64). Discussion: Diets of the study children were much below the WHO standards with dairy and cereals being the major component of child nutrition re fl ecting a typically low dietary diversity in pastoral areas. As a result, study subjects had insuf fi cient intakes of several nutrients, implying the need for supplementing critical micronutrients. As dairy is the main staple and local commodity its marketing was found to signi fi cantly in fl uence the dietary patterns of children. DDS was found to be the best indicator of dietary adequacy while the averaged frequencies of milk and meal also showed a promising result.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NDS.S231591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42094657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}