Lele Yan , Xiaoyuan Sun , Zhuobin Shang , Zhenming Dong , Xiaoqing Yan , Yu Wang , Shaomin Shuang
{"title":"A robust xanthylium-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for viscosity imaging in inflammatory and hepatic injury mice models","authors":"Lele Yan , Xiaoyuan Sun , Zhuobin Shang , Zhenming Dong , Xiaoqing Yan , Yu Wang , Shaomin Shuang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the principal organ for the metabolism and detoxification of both exogenous and endogenous substances, the liver demonstrates heightened vulnerability to the onset of hepatic pathologies. Aberrant viscosity, acting as a potential biomarker, exhibits a significant correlation with liver diseases such as fatty liver, hepatic fibrosis, and liver injury. Therefore, real-time monitoring of viscosity fluctuations in animal models of liver disease is essential for related pathological investigations. Here, we report a novel viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probe (<strong>DJXP</strong>) with NIR excitation at 736 nm and emission at 809 nm, characterized by a large Stokes shift (67 nm), a broad operational pH range, high selectivity and excellent biocompatibility. <strong>DJXP</strong> enabled the visualization of viscosity changes in ICR mice induced by the antifungal drug nystatin, as determined by fluorescence imaging analysis. Furthermore, DJXP was employed to monitor elevated viscosity in mouse models of both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and rotenone-induced acute hepatic injury, demonstrating promising potential for the non-invasive detection and diagnosis of hepatic pathologies associated with altered viscosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhifeng Mao , Liuqi Ye , Fahui Hu , Xiaolei Wu , Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan , Chun-Yuen Wong , Jin-Biao Liu , Chung-Hang Leung , Wanhe Wang
{"title":"Imaging mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide in multicellular spheroids using a near-infrared iridium(III) complex","authors":"Zhifeng Mao , Liuqi Ye , Fahui Hu , Xiaolei Wu , Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan , Chun-Yuen Wong , Jin-Biao Liu , Chung-Hang Leung , Wanhe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal levels of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) have been linked to multiple diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Mitochondria play a central role in H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism, and dysregulation of H<sub>2</sub>S within mitochondria is emerging as a key factor in mitochondrial dysfunction. To explore the role of mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>S in live cells, a near-infrared (NIR) iridium(III) complex-based luminescence probe was constructed for the selective and sensitive detection of endogenous mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>S. Complex <strong>1</strong> exhibits a distinct luminescent response to H<sub>2</sub>S. Upon exposure to H<sub>2</sub>S, the nitro group in complex <strong>1</strong> is reduced to an amine group for triggering a 1,6-elimination reaction, resulting in luminescence quenching. The probe exhibits high-performance detection with low detection limit of 0.96 μM and exceptional specificity in aqueous buffer. Confocal imaging in living HeLa cells confirmed the probe's ability to detect both exogenous and endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S. Additionally, the probe specifically localizes to mitochondria, enabling effective bioimaging of mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>S in multicellular spheroids (MCSs). Notably, this study presents the first luminescence probe for mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>S based on a NIR iridium(III) complex. These findings demonstrate that complex <strong>1</strong> is a promising tool for exploring the biological functions and pathological roles of subcellular H<sub>2</sub>S in diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Hernández-Vidales , Juan A. Muñoz Castillo , Selene R. Islas , Andrés Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Vanesa Olivares-Illana , José M. Saniger
{"title":"Raman and SERS analytical platform with machine learning for classifying wild type p53 and hotspot mutants R175H and R273H","authors":"Karen Hernández-Vidales , Juan A. Muñoz Castillo , Selene R. Islas , Andrés Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Vanesa Olivares-Illana , José M. Saniger","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of analytical approaches capable of detecting subtle protein conformational changes is of significant interest in biomedicine, particularly for disease diagnostics and biomolecular characterization. In this work, the tumor suppressor p53 protein was selected as a model system to evaluate an analytical platform based on Raman spectroscopy combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and supervised machine learning for the classification of closely related protein variants.</div><div>Label-free Raman and SERS spectra of recombinant wild-type p53 and its hotspot mutants R175H and R273H were acquired on bare Al and Al coated with gold nanospheres, gold nanorods, and silver nanoparticles. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed distinct spectral fingerprints among the p53 variants, with relevant contributions in the amide III and CH stretching regions, indicating subtle conformational differences. Supervised classification was performed using several machine learning algorithms under a nested, group-disjoint cross-validation protocol (holding out entire acquisition lines) to account for within-line spectral correlation. Among tested models, a linear Support Vector Machine (Linear-SVM) achieved the highest performance, reaching an accuracy of 92.9 ± 6.9% on AuNS@Al substrates.</div><div>These results demonstrate that the integration of optimized nanostructured SERS substrates, Raman spectroscopy, and machine learning constitutes a robust analytical platform for the structural classification of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins. The proposed approach provides a versatile framework for studying conformational changes in biomolecules of biomedical relevance and supports its potential application in cancer biomarker detection and protein misfolding studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Hui Wang , Jun-Yu Luan , Zhi-Shi Feng , Yi-Lin Zhao , Hai-Jiao Sun , Qing-Qing Ma , Sui-Shang Zhao , Man Wang , Kun-Peng Wang , Ying Fang , Zhi-Qiang Hu
{"title":"A pH-responsive probe for sulfide ion detection and intracellular pH/sulfide sensing","authors":"Xiao-Hui Wang , Jun-Yu Luan , Zhi-Shi Feng , Yi-Lin Zhao , Hai-Jiao Sun , Qing-Qing Ma , Sui-Shang Zhao , Man Wang , Kun-Peng Wang , Ying Fang , Zhi-Qiang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Sul-pH</strong> is a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe designed to detect mildly alkaline environments through a protonation–deprotonation mechanism. The probe is constructed using an ICT-based molecular design, with a cyclic chalcone serving as the parent fluorophore. <strong>Sul-pH</strong> exhibits a pH response range of 7–10, during which its fluorescence intensity at 601 nm increases by nearly 250-fold as the pH shifts from neutral to alkaline, accompanied by a pronounced visual color change. Moreover, the pH-responsive behavior of <strong>Sul-pH</strong> was correlated with the alkalinity generated during the hydrolysis of sulfide ions, enabling its application in the quantitative detection of S<sup>2−</sup>. The probe responds specifically to the alkaline conditions produced by S<sup>2−</sup> hydrolysis, thereby eliminating interference from HS<sup>−</sup> during sulfide detection. Impressively, <strong>Sul-pH</strong> displays a rapid response within 6 s and demonstrates excellent pH cycling stability as well as photostability. <strong>Sul-pH</strong> also shows good performance in detecting S<sup>2−</sup> in real water samples. Furthermore, <strong>Sul-pH</strong> can detect both S<sup>2−</sup> and pH in living cells, providing a reliable tool for monitoring intracellular pH dynamics and sulfide ion fluctuations within biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Chen, Zherui Wan, Xiaoxu Cui, Yue Hua, Guang Yang
{"title":"The fabrication of ratiometric fluorescence sensor for tetracycline detection based on europium-doped polymer dots","authors":"Qi Chen, Zherui Wan, Xiaoxu Cui, Yue Hua, Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of an effective and sensitive sensing probe for tetracycline (TC) detection is meaningful and essential for the environment and food safety. Herein, an efficient ratiometric sensing platform of PDs/Eu<sup>3+</sup> was developed through straightforward magnetic stirring of fluorescent polymer dots (PDs) and Eu<sup>3+</sup>. TC can cause blue fluorescence at 440 nm of PDs/Eu<sup>3+</sup> to be quenched and red fluorescence emission at 617 nm increased by the internal filtration effect (IFE), static quenching and antenna effect (AE), which could be used as an ratiometric nanoprobe for the quantitative detection of TC with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 15.1 nM. Additionally, real sample analysis of TC with higher accuracy and reliability demonstrated the practicability of the proposed sensor. Moreover, the combination of PDs/Eu<sup>3+</sup>-loaded carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) beads and smartphone offers practical value for convenient and visual detection of TC. Furthermore, owing to the stronger coordination between Al<sup>3+</sup> and TC, the PDs/Eu<sup>3+</sup>-TC with red fluorescence emission returned to blue-green color emission after treating with Al<sup>3+</sup>. Thus a basic logic gate operation of “INHIBIT” and information storage were realized, indicating the great potential of information computing systems and displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Wajda , Jakub Dybas , Katarzyna Bulat , Aneta Blat , Katarzyna M. Marzec
{"title":"Reliability of tube-based quality assessment of packed red blood cells: Insights from FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analyses","authors":"Aleksandra Wajda , Jakub Dybas , Katarzyna Bulat , Aneta Blat , Katarzyna M. Marzec","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of red blood cells (RBCs) is crucial in transfusion efficacy and safety, particularly in high-risk patients. In this study, age-related biochemical alterations in stored pRBCs were investigated using a systematic, paired comparison of samples collected from pilot tubes and the main storage bags. The analyses were based on spectroscopic measurements of the isolated supernatant mixture containing RBC-derived metabolites and hemolysis products, instead of intact red blood cells. This proof-of-concept demonstrates that pilot tube samples may not reliably reflect the biochemical state of pRBCs stored in the main bag.</div><div>Our findings revealed that RBCs stored in pilot tubes undergo accelerated degradation, as indicated by elevated hemoglobin concentration, increased lactate levels, reduced glucose content, and a higher lipid-to-protein ratio. Semiquantitative analysis showed that these markers were elevated by approximately 20–100% by the seventh week of storage compared to those observed in the main blood bags. These consistent trends underscore that pilot tube samples do not reliably reflect the true biochemical quality of pRBCs intended for transfusion.</div><div>Notably, the study highlights the high diagnostic potential of FTIR and Raman spectroscopies in assessing blood quality in a rapid, non-destructive manner. These techniques offer a promising tool for point-of-care evaluation of RBC integrity directly through the storage bag, enabling improved transfusion decision-making, especially in critical care settings. By directly comparing pilot tube and main bag samples, this study reveals systematic differences in their biochemical profiles and proposes a spectroscopic framework for representative, non-invasive evaluation of pRBC quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caixia Lyu , Yanliang Guo , Jiyuan Wang , Kun Tao , Jiawei Zhu
{"title":"Near-infrared excited dual-mode nanoprobes for background-free and on-site detection of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in food","authors":"Caixia Lyu , Yanliang Guo , Jiyuan Wang , Kun Tao , Jiawei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a potential food contaminant that poses health risks upon long-term intake. While current fluorescence detection technologies show potential applications in HMF analysis, most reported fluorescent probes rely on short-wavelength excitation and single-signal output, which suffer from background fluorescence interference in complex matrices. This study proposed a near-infrared excited multi-output sensing strategy based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and p-toluidine-barbituric acid chromogenic system, enabling synergistic luminescent-colorimetric analysis of HMF. This system specifically reacted with HMF, selectively quenching the green upconversion luminescence of the UCNPs while leaving the red upconversion luminescence unaffected, constructing both ratiometric luminescent and colorimetric visual sensing modes. A smartphone-based sensing platform was further developed for portable and sensitive HMF detection, providing a more convenient and sensitive strategy for food safety analysis. This study provided a novel strategy for background-free, highly sensitive, and portable visual detection of food contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence dual-mode biosensor based on Pt–Ni bimetallic nanozymes for the detection of ofloxacin drug residues","authors":"Jinyang Li, Litao Chen, Jiayan Gao, Jianing Sun, Tongtong Li, Xue Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ofloxacin (OFL) is a broad-spectrum and highly effective fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. The OFL residues threaten food safety, raising public health concerns like allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance. Developing a rapid, highly sensitive detection method is crucial to mitigate these risks. This research engineered a dual-mode (fluorometric/colorimetric) immunosensing system for monitoring OFL residues. Platinum‑nickel nanoparticles (Pt–Ni NPs) characterized by a platinum-rich shell and a nickel-rich core demonstrated high oxidase-like catalytic efficiency. Pt–Ni NPs can quench the fluorescence of red carbon dots (RCDs) and facilitate the catalytic oxidation of <em>o</em>-phenylenediamine (OPD) to its oxidized form (oxOPD). The remaining OPD reacted with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) to produce ratiometric colorimetry. With escalating OFL concentrations, the red fluorescence of RCDs intensified, and the yellow fluorescence of oxOPD decreased, forming a ratiometric fluorescence response. In the optimized assay regime, the detection range for OFL was 1.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup>–1.0 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mg/mL, with a detection limit of 1.48 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mg/mL (ratiometric fluorescence) and 1.36 × 10<sup>−8</sup> mg/mL (ratiometric colorimetric). This method demonstrates reliable performance for the detection of OFL residuals in authentic food matrices. The dual-mode sensing strategy offers enhanced sensitivity, rapid response, and straightforward operational, making it a robust analytical tool for food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sijia Liu , Sai Zhang , Yu Zhang , Xiaohai Yan , Kewei Feng , Yane Luo , Junfeng Yao , Tianliang Liu , Yahong Yuan , Tianli Yue , Qinglin Sheng
{"title":"Colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode biosensor for Staphylococcus aureus based on inner filter effect between AuNPs and Si/CsPbBr3 quantum dot materials","authors":"Sijia Liu , Sai Zhang , Yu Zhang , Xiaohai Yan , Kewei Feng , Yane Luo , Junfeng Yao , Tianliang Liu , Yahong Yuan , Tianli Yue , Qinglin Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), a prevalent foodborne pathogen, poses a serious threat to human health, highlighting the urgent need for reliable and sensitive detection methods. Given the limitations of single-mode sensors such as false positives/negatives, a colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode biosensor based on quantum dot material was proposed for the evaluation of <em>S. aureus</em> in food. This sensor utilized CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> quantum dots as a stable fluorescent probe. The sensing mechanism relies on the inner filter effect, where gold nanoparticles effectively quench the fluorescence of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>, enabling rapid and highly sensitive biosensing. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor achieved a broad detection range of 1 to 10<sup>6</sup> colony-forming unit/mL (CFU/mL), with low detection limits of 103 CFU/mL for colorimetric mode and 0.54 CFU/mL for fluorescent mode. It also exhibited excellent selectivity and was successfully applied to analyze various food samples. This study demonstrates perovskite nanomaterials as a visual tool for detecting foodborne pathogens in complex matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Gong , Xu-rong Liu , Xuan Liu , Ru Sun , Jian-Feng Ge
{"title":"A rapid-response NIR fluorescent probe for imaging Cys/Hcy in ferroptosis and inflammation models","authors":"Jie Gong , Xu-rong Liu , Xuan Liu , Ru Sun , Jian-Feng Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2026.127519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferroptosis constitutes a type of regulated cell death that is iron-dependent and orchestrated by lipid peroxidation. Central to the maintenance of redox homeostasis in this pathway are cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). To visualize the dynamics of these biothiols, three near-infrared (NIR) probes <strong>1a-1c</strong> built upon a tetrahydroacridinium scaffold have been developed. These probes exhibited rapid responsiveness, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity toward Cys/Hcy, accompanied by significant fluorescence enhancement and large Stokes shifts. Among them, <strong>1a</strong> demonstrated superior mitochondria-targeting capability and low cytotoxicity, enabling real-time monitoring of Cys/Hcy from both internal cellular processes and external sources in live cells. Furthermore, <strong>1a</strong> was utilized to monitor the depletion of mitochondrial Cys/Hcy during Erastin-induced ferroptosis and to evaluate the restorative effects of inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and <em>N</em>-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), providing visual evidence of their distinct regulatory roles. Additionally, the probe could track the consumption of mitochondrial biothiols in an inflammatory model, underscoring its potential for studying redox imbalances in inflammatory processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 127519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}