Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy最新文献

{"title":"Effects of chromophoric dissolved organic matter on the optical properties of different fluorescent probes","authors":"Zan Long ,&nbsp;Bingni Jia ,&nbsp;Bingqian Jing ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Tian ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Feng ,&nbsp;Taiping Qing","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new detection technology represented by fluorescent probe is an effective supplement to the traditional instrument analysis of environmental pollutants. However, background interference is an inevitable obstacle in the fluorescent analysis of complex samples. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water is widespread and significantly affects the performance of fluorescent probes in pollutants detection. In this work, the impact of DOM on the performance of fluorescent probes were investigated under different conditions. Firstly, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy of local lake was performed to identify the composition of organic matter in water. The types of chromophoric DOM in local lake mainly include humic acids and tryptophan, and its concentrations varied over time and across different regions. Then, three fluorescent probes with different fluorescence emission were selected to investigate the interaction between DOM (humic acids, tryptophan, and fulvic acid as the interfering substances) and fluorescent groups. The experimental results demonstrated that humic acid significantly reduced the signal intensity of fluorescent probes through mechanisms such as inner filter effects and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In contrast, tryptophan and fulvic acid had relatively minor impacts. More importantly, the altered pH and ions of the environmental water did not significantly alter the interference of DOM on fluorescent probe. To further verify the influence of chromophoric DOM on fluorescent probes in real water, the water treatment under UV irradiation with H₂O₂ was used for the preparation of simulated water samples. The influence of DOM on fluorescent probes in real water samples was also similar to that in buffer. These results suggested that the chromophoric DOM can effectively affect the spectral properties of different fluorescent probes, and greatly interfere with the sensitivity and accuracy of fluorescence detection. This work help to understand the interference mechanisms of DOM in water, and are significant for improving the accuracy of fluorescent probes in water quality monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient energy phosphorescence transfer and reversible phosphorescence in aromatic heterocyclic doped systems for advanced information storage","authors":"Yuyi Li ,&nbsp;Shu Han ,&nbsp;He Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinghe Weng ,&nbsp;Yuehui Liu ,&nbsp;Xueming Li ,&nbsp;Guixia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their unique advantages, including diverse molecular structures, excellent biocompatibility, and favorable processability. Aromatic heterocyclic groups are known to effectively promote intersystem crossing (ISC), leading to a wide range of applications in this field. In this study, dibenzo[a,c]phenazin-11-yl(phenyl)methanone (<strong>DPM</strong>) was used as an energy acceptor, doped with the host material benzophenone (<strong>BP</strong>) and its derivatives (<strong>BP-R</strong>) as energy donors. After simple mixing and thorough mechanical grinding of both the host and guest components, photophysical process such as Phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) was activated, resulting in RTP emission. The doped system exhibited efficient golden-yellow phosphorescent emission with a phosphorescence lifetime of 196 ms and quantum yield of 30.5 %. Surprisingly, the <strong>DPM@PMMA</strong> film exhibits a gold-colored room-temperature phosphorescent emission and can be switched “on” and “off” with reversible phosphorescence by exposing the film to acidic and alkaline gases. Notably, the phosphorescent emission properties remain stable after multiple cycles. This doping system is further applied to various methods of information storage and encryption, highlighting its potential for multi-scenario applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous Cu2O coated Au/Ag plasmonic nanocomposites as SERS sensing platform for ultrasensitive detection","authors":"Xiangxin Xue ,&nbsp;Zhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Cuimei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu Qiao ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Jinghui Shi ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a suited detection technique for trace and ultrasensitive detection that extends even to single molecule levels. However, SERS application is currently limited by three main factors: 1) how to create more hotspots to enhance the sensitivity of SERS; 2) how to enrich trace target molecules in SERS hotspots; and 3) how to maintain the stability and reproducibility of SERS detection under environmental interference. In this study, mesoporous Cu₂O coated Au/Ag plasmonic nanocomposites (NCs) were designed and prepared as SERS substrates. The tightly packed Au/Ag nanoaggregates (NAs) create more hotspots, oxygen vacancies in Cu₂O can also enhances Raman signal by photoinduced charge transferring. Meanwhile, mesoporous Cu₂O coating is beneficial for enriching more target molecules, so the as-prepared Au/Ag@Cu₂O NCs showed excellent SERS sensitivity. When the target molecules 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) was detected on the Au/Ag@Cu₂O substrate, the substrate showed high SERS activity. The enhancement factor reached as high as 3.78 × 10⁶, and the detection limit was as low as 10⁻¹¹ M. Meanwhile, the SERS spectra demonstrate excellent selectivity and reproducibility. In addition, the Au/Ag@Cu₂O NCs substrate was applied to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC) pyridine molecules in the air, and when it was naturally adsorbed in air for 20 min, it showed an obvious SERS signal of pyridine. Therefore, these Au/Ag@Cu₂O NCs with high SERS detection performance have important practical value in applications of volatile organic gas molecule.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver-modified titanium-based MXene as a promising SERS substrate for the characterization of cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide: Experimental and DFT study","authors":"Shehu Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz A. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of new generations of two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured materials with unique electronic features and efficient charge transfer properties can significantly impact the performance of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates leading to a fast and reliable spectroanalytical ultra-low concentration detection of bioactive molecules. Due to its short-range charge transfer and superior plasmonic effects, the titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) family of MXenes has been proven to be a promising candidate for a wide range of optics and sensing-related applications. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene layered sheets were carried out. A charge transfer bridging between Ti₃C₂T_x and cyclophosphamide (CPA) drug molecules was successfully established by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in a significantly enhanced Raman response and achieving up to 1 × 10⁻¹⁰ M detection limit of CPA in aqueous media. Spectroscopic and DFT results indicate that the oxazaphosphorine ring, with its heterocyclic nature and multiple electron-rich sites, plays a major role in facilitating the charge transfer mechanism, resulting in a strong analyte-substrate interaction. Given their impressive performance and cost-efficient synthesis protocols, silver-modified metal-based MXene nanocomposites hold great potential for developing a new class of stable SERS substrates, enabling reliable detection in biomedical samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of variable optimization algorithms for PLS regression models of kerosene content in edible oils","authors":"Wangfei Luo ,&nbsp;Jihong Deng ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Quansheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Edible oils may become contaminated with harmful substance residues during transportation, posing a serious threat to food safety and public health. This study utilized Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) Spectroscopy to extract spectral data for kerosene content in soybean and corn oil. Three feature selection models, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Bootstrapping Soft Shrinkage (BOSS), and Iteratively Variable Subset Optimization (IVSO), were applied to Savitzky-Golay (SG) preprocessed data. Using the selected features, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were developed. The CARS-optimized PLS model demonstrated superior generalization performance, achieving an RMSEP of 2.4520 <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, a Predictive correlation coefficient (<span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></math></span>) of 0.9711, and a relative prediction deviation (RPD) of 4.2562. These results indicate the feasibility of constructing a quantitative model for detecting kerosene content in soybean and corn oil using FT-NIR Spectroscopy with feature selection algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human serum albumin-encapsulated near-infrared hemicyanine photosensitizers for viscosity imaging and enhanced photodynamic therapy","authors":"Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Haoyang Xiao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Xing ,&nbsp;Jiarao Sun ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research successfully developed a novel dual-function near-infrared photosensitizer, <strong>CyI</strong>, which is encapsulated with human serum albumin (HSA) to form <strong>CyI-HSA</strong> nanocomplex that can simultaneously monitor the viscosity of cancer cell and enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). <em>In vitro</em> experiments demonstrated that compared with <strong>CyI</strong> alone, <strong>CyI-HSA</strong> has superior water solubility and high photostability, and can effectively prevent aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) caused by π-π stacking. Additionally, singlet oxygen quantum yield of <strong>CyI-HSA</strong> as high as 27.4 % under 658 nm laser irradiation, indicating significant PDT potential. Cellular experiments further revealed that <strong>CyI-HSA</strong> can monitor intracellular viscosity with high sensitivity, while generating a substantial amount of singlet oxygen, promoting PDT and cell apoptosis. Treatment of HepG-2 cells with 1 µmol/L <strong>CyI-HSA</strong> reduced cell viability by only 13 % (Laser = 100 mW cm⁻²). Therefore, as a kind of nano-photosensitizer integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions, <strong>CyI-HSA</strong> has a broad prospect in the application of near-infrared hemicyanine photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERS-based approaches in the investigation of bacterial metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and species identification","authors":"Zhun Nie ,&nbsp;Zhijun Huang ,&nbsp;Zhongying Wu ,&nbsp;Yanlong Xing ,&nbsp;Fabiao Yu ,&nbsp;Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an inelastic scattering phenomenon that occurs when photons interact with substances, providing detailed molecular structure information. It exhibits various advantages including high sensitivity, specificity, and multiple-detection capabilities, which make it particularly effective in bacterial detection and antibiotic resistance research. In this review, we review the recent development of SERS-based approaches in the investigation of bacterial metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and species identification. Although the promising applications have been realized in clinical microbiology and diagnostics, several challenges still limit the further development, including signal variability, the complexity of spectral data interpretation, and the lack of standardized protocols. To overcome these obstacles, more reproducible and standardized methodologies, particularly in nanomaterial design and experimental condition optimization. Furthermore, the integration of SERS with machine learning and artificial intelligence can automate spectral analysis, improving the efficiency and accuracy of bacterial species identification, resistance marker detection, and metabolic monitoring. Combining SERS with other analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, or genomic sequencing, could provide a more comprehensive understanding of bacterial physiology and resistance mechanisms. As SERS technology advances, its applications are expected to extend beyond traditional microbiology to areas like environmental monitoring, food safety, and personalized medicine. In particular, the potential for SERS to be integrated into point-of-care diagnostic devices offers significant promise for enhancing diagnostics in resource-limited settings, providing cost-effective, rapid, and accessible solutions for bacterial infection and resistance detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A H2O2 responsive self-activatable fluorescent probe and pro-photosensitizer based on a pyridine-chalcone skeleton","authors":"Yawen Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Aiping Jia ,&nbsp;Yuxia Liu ,&nbsp;Siwei Bi ,&nbsp;Guang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is closely associated with various physiological and pathological processes, particularly in tumor microenvironment. It has been designed for the activation and release of fluorescent probes and tumor-related drugs. In this work, we proposed a self-activatable fluorescent probe and pro-photosensitizer (pro-PS) <strong>MN-BP</strong> based on a pyridine-chalcone photosensitizer (PS) <strong>MN</strong> and a H₂O₂ responsive boronate moiety. The endogenous H₂O₂ in tumor cells triggers partial release of PS <strong>MN</strong> from the pro-PS <strong>MN-BP</strong>. Under light irradiation, the generated PS <strong>MN</strong> can produce Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be partially converted to H₂O₂ to proceed the self-activatable process. The generated H₂O₂ can be used as an activator to accelerate the release of PS <strong>MN</strong>, thus amplifying the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by generating more ROS. In addition, the enhanced fluorescence of pro-PS <strong>MN-BP</strong> can be used for the detection of H₂O₂ and the visualization of photosensitizer, so as to realize the real-time monitoring and regulation of the PDT process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating near-infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and cost-effective method for fatty acid profiling in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)","authors":"Víctor M. Fernández-Cabanás ,&nbsp;Ismael Hachero Cruzado","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid and cost-effective technique for estimating the fatty acid profile of Senegalese sole (<em>Solea senegalensis</em>).</div><div>Traditionally, lipid profiling in aquaculture products has relied on gas chromatography (GC), a highly accurate but time-consuming, costly and complex method requiring extensive sample preparation. In contrast, NIRS offers a non-invasive, rapid and accurate alternative for predicting chemical composition. While NIRS has shown success in lipid profiling for fatty fish species, its application to lean fish, such as Senegalese sole, presents challenges due to low lipid concentrations and overlapping spectral signals.</div><div>In this study, Senegalese sole were fed experimental diets varying in marine protein and lipid content. Lipid profiles of 75 tissue samples were analysed using both GC and NIRS, with fatty acid content expressed as percentage of total fatty acids (% TFA) and as µg fatty acid per mg dry tissue (µg FA/mg dry tissue). Calibrations were developed using Modified Partial Least Squares Regression (MPLSR) and the prediction accuracy was assessed using calibration statistics.</div><div>The results showed that dietary lipids significantly influenced the fatty acid composition of Senegalese sole, consistent with previous findings for marine fish. NIRS calibrations were most accurate when fatty acid content was expressed as µg FA/mg dry tissue, giving better predictions than % TFA. The best calibrations were obtained for oleic acid, the dominant fatty acid in Senegalese sole, with an R²cv of 0.83 and a ratio of standard deviation/cross validation error (RPD) of 2.44. Fatty acid group predictions were more accurate for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than for the other groups, with an R²cv of 0.85 and an RPD of 2.60.</div><div>These results demonstrate the potential of NIRS as a rapid and cost-effective method for fatty acid profiling in Senegalese sole, particularly for the estimation of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA). However, further research is needed to improve the accuracy and robustness of NIRS prediction models. Expanding the calibration dataset to include greater variability in diet, season and cultivation conditions will improve the reliability of the method for wider applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mono-substituents on the polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe properties of pyrene","authors":"Haiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of mono-substituents (i.e., hydroxyl, methyl, amino and nitro groups) on the polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe properties of pyrene (Pyr) using fluorescence, UV–vis, and circular dichroism absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that the four mono-substituents altered the fluorescence spectral characteristics of Pyr to varying degrees, with the most to least influential order being: nitro, amino, hydroxyl, and methyl. 1-Aminopyrene (1-APyr) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NPyr) are deemed unsuitable for use as polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes due to their limited or absent spectral characteristics. The I₃₈₆/I₄₀₆ and I₃₇₆/I₃₉₆ ratios of 1-HPyr and 1-MPyr decrease as solvents polarity increases, contrasting with the I₃₇₂/I₃₈₄ ratio of Pyr. Thus, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HPyr) and 1-methylpyrene (1-MPyr) also exhibit polarity-sensitive characteristics similar to Pyr, and their solubility in PBS buffer surpasses that of Pyr at 298 K. Moreover, 1-HPyr and 1-MPyr are practicable for detecting the polarity of human serum albumin (HSA) under simulated physiological conditions. The results underscore the potential of the polarity-sensitive mono-substituents of Pyr in biological applications, particularly in probing protein polarity and conformational changes, and further providing a potential tool for the related research in biochemistry and pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 126049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}