Tahir Savran , Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas , Fatma Nur Arslan , Gökhan Sadi , Ibrahim Yilmaz
{"title":"A fluorescent chemoprobe based on carbazole for hypochlorite with fast response: Design and its applications in test strips, water samples and living cells","authors":"Tahir Savran , Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas , Fatma Nur Arslan , Gökhan Sadi , Ibrahim Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypochlorite (ClO<sup>−</sup>) has been widely used as the main component of cleaning agents, and is also used in the treatment of disinfect water. The concentration of ClO<sup>−</sup> is critical for living organisms andthe environment. Hence, it is essential to develop reliable, sensitive and user-friendly molecular sensors to determine ClO<sup>−</sup>. In this context, the synthesized probe 2,4-di-<em>tert</em>-butyl-6-((E)-(((E)-(9-pentyl-9<em>H</em>-carbazol-3-yl)methylene) hydrazono) methyl) phenol (<strong>TBCP</strong>) can detect ClO<sup>−</sup> with rapid response (1 min), low detection limit (0.28 µM) and high sensitivity. Also, the sensor is utilized at wide pH range (4–10) for the determination of ClO<sup>−</sup>. <strong>TBCP</strong> showed outstanding selectivity for ClO<sup>−</sup> over other competing analytes via a fluorescent response change from colorless to orange, and its response mechanism was based on a deprotonation phenomenon. The ClO<sup>−</sup> level was successfully determined by <strong>TBCP</strong> on test kits, cotton swabs and in real samples. Fluorescent bio-imaging of ClO<sup>−</sup> in HEPG2 cells was also carried out in the presence of <strong>TBCP</strong>. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed successfully for <strong>TBCP</strong> and <strong>TBCP + ClO<sup>−</sup></strong> complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinlu Li , Gaojin Zhou , Xueting Feng , Subhan Mahmood , Shun Yao , Lirong Nie
{"title":"Natural products as probes for the spectral analysis and sensitive detection of metal-containing ionic liquids","authors":"Xinlu Li , Gaojin Zhou , Xueting Feng , Subhan Mahmood , Shun Yao , Lirong Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new analytical method was developed for the rapid detection of metal-containing ionic liquids (MCILs) using the natural products (NPs) as fluorescent probes. Based on electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution and conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) simulation, the possible interactions between quercetin, emodin, curcumin, esculetin and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrachloroferrate ([Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>]) were predicted, and the ultraviolet response, concentration titration experiments and fluorescence response of NPs and [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] were studied. Both theoretical and experimental studies indicated that esculetin showed the best corresponding performance to [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] and then was selected as fluorescent probe molecule for the detection of a series of similar ionic liquids containing Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup>. The linear range of this analytical method towards [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] was 5 ∼ 30 μM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9957) with the relative standard deviation of 2.1 % and the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.08 μM. Recoveries, measured in the standard ethanol solution with the added concentration of 5 μM, were determined as 98.1 ∼ 102.5 % by the standard addition method. According to all the studied results, the probe of natural product possessed good selectivity, repeatability, and stability, which could be fixed onto filter paper to detect [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] in more intuitive way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of deep learning on quantitative analysis of binary solid dispersions by UV Raman spectroscopy for planetary exploration","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang, Hongkun Qu, Ziyuan Wang, Ping Liu, Changqing Liu, Zongcheng Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a surface mineral analysis and detection technology, Raman spectroscopy is widely used in deep space exploration because of its advantages, such as non-destructiveness, high resolution, no need for sample preparation, and real-time analysis capability. Based on the unique fingerprint Raman spectra of different minerals and organics, Raman spectroscopy can be used to accurately identify the species and qualitatively analyze its chemical compositions, which would help to further explain the geological formation and alteration processes and determine the potential biological characteristics during the planetary exploration missions. In this study, a deep learning model, which is called Inception-ResNet-v1 model with a squeeze-and-excitation block (IRMSE), for the quantitative analysis of UV Raman spectra is proposed and investigated. This model can automatically learn and extract component information from Raman spectra through deep residual networks and use attention mechanisms to select the most critical information for the current task from redundant features. Experimental results indicate that the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is much better than that of traditional methods for the quantitative analysis of the solid dispersions of different contents between minerals or between minerals and organic compounds. Therefore, this study validates the feasibility of using deep learning for the quantitative analysis of minerals and organic materials by Raman spectra collected by planetary exploration missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengwen Luo , Lu Liu , Hong Chen , Yu Gong , Xiaoli Tang , Bin Hu , Dan Zhou , Pinghua Chen
{"title":"Dithiophene chemosensor for ultrasensitive intracellular detection of Al3+: Design, DFT analysis, and ESIPT-PET mechanisms","authors":"Pengwen Luo , Lu Liu , Hong Chen , Yu Gong , Xiaoli Tang , Bin Hu , Dan Zhou , Pinghua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal ions play essential roles in living cells, yet their biological functions, which depend on intracellular concentrations, are not fully understood. Therefore, there is a critical need for efficient and sensitive methods to monitor metal ion levels in biological systems. Herein, we report the development of a fluorescent probe, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-(dithiophen-2-yl)ethanediamine (NS), for the precise and sensitive detection of intracellular Al<sup>3+</sup> at concentrations as low as 3.92 × 10<sup>−8</sup> M. The probe features a bifunctional thienyl ethanol ligand, consisting of two thiophene rings and a hydroxyl group, which forms stable coordination with Al<sup>3+</sup>. This interaction modifies the electron allocation within the ligand, suppressing the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism and significantly increasing fluorescence intensity. Notably, in the presence of Al<sup>3+</sup>, compared to other ions, the fluorescence intensity of NS at 452 nm increases by 77-fold, with an exceptional sensitivity and selectivity for Al<sup>3+</sup>. Furthermore, the hydroxyl group enhances the probe’s solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, making it highly effective for intracellular detection of Al<sup>3+</sup> in prostate cancer RM-1 cells. The response mechanism is further investigated through <sup>1</sup>H NMR and DFT studies, revealing the contributions of ESIPT, photoinduced electron transfer (PET), and C<img>N isomerization to the probe’s fluorescence behavior. This work provides a promising and advanced tool for ionobiology, opening new avenues for research into metal ion-related biological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziting Ye , Yujun Zheng , Shuyan Ruan , Jiajia Liu , Ying Li , Chuyi Wang , Yudong Lu , Ruiyun You , Liren Xiao , Jingxin Chen , Yaling Wu , Jingbo Chen , Lanjin Zhu , Zixing Yan
{"title":"Interface self-assembly preparation of Nylon66-Ag for monitoring of H2O2 and AA in serum","authors":"Ziting Ye , Yujun Zheng , Shuyan Ruan , Jiajia Liu , Ying Li , Chuyi Wang , Yudong Lu , Ruiyun You , Liren Xiao , Jingxin Chen , Yaling Wu , Jingbo Chen , Lanjin Zhu , Zixing Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the redox status in vivo is important for maintaining redox homeostasis and understanding related pathological processes. In this study, based on an interfacial self-assembly method, a silver-coated nylon film (Nylon66-Ag) was prepared as a SERS substrate and a single-molecule specific SERS probe, 2-mercapto-1,4-diphenol (2-MHQ), was modified on the silver nanoparticles for sensitive detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and AA in human serum. Remarkably, this method, without the introduction of internal standard signaling molecules, only one Raman signaling reporter molecule, 2-MHQ, was able to sensitively detect H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and AA, and thus monitor the redox reactions in human serum, with LODs as low as 4.03 × 10<sup>−10</sup> M for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 9.42 × 10<sup>−9</sup> M for AA. The detection limits are significantly lower than the concentration ranges of endogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and AA in the blood of healthy individuals. The SERS strategy proposed in this paper is expected to be used to study signaling pathways related to redox kinetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Honeycomb waste-derived carbon dots as a sensitive sensing probe for detection of capecitabine chemo drug","authors":"Pradnya Khandagale , Prathamesh Chougale , Nafeesa Mujawar , Muskan Momin , Rohant Dhabbe , Rajratna Kakade , Sandip Nipane , Sandip Sabale , Deok-kee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anticancer medication provoked concerns owing to its adverse health effects from overdose and henceforth, its sensitive monitoring is crucial. Carbon dots (CDs), as a pioneering carbon nanomaterial, have particles lower than 10 nm. CDs have an extensive multitude of applications based on their luminous qualities. The present era is focused on turning waste into economically viable products. The current research demonstrates a feasible method for preparing green fluorescent CDs from honeycomb waste (HCCDs). The HCCDs display excitation-dependent emission properties, exhibiting a blue shift with a change in excitation wavelength, and acquiring good stability with a zeta potential of −14.8 mV. Nevertheless, the particle size ranges between 2–5 nm. It is noteworthy that the fluorescence intensity of HCCDs was remarkably enhanced by the addition of increasing concentrations of capecitabine due to complex formation. Additionally, the sensor shows a determined detection limit of 1.04 μmolL<sup>−1</sup> without interference from ions. This demonstrates exclusive selectivity and sensitivity which paves a new way for the determination of the capecitabine drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yutong Liu , Hongzhan Liu , Jiyang Liu , Wenyue Gao , Wei Zhang , Guobao Xu
{"title":"Ultrasensitive chemiluminescence detection based on titanium-doped spinel-structured nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies","authors":"Yutong Liu , Hongzhan Liu , Jiyang Liu , Wenyue Gao , Wei Zhang , Guobao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We successfully synthesized spinel-structured ternary nanocatalyst Ti-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time. Ti-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to the synthesized binary catalysts Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Moreover, Ti-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs can enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of the luminol/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> system by over 3800-fold, attributed to the high density of oxygen vacancies (OVs) within the structure. OVs contribute to electron delocalization, improve conductivity, and are recognized as crucial active sites in the catalytic decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Based on the inhibitory effect of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on the luminol/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> CL system, we developed a sensitive, rapid, effective, and highly selective AA CL assay with a linear range of 0.1 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L and a limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 0.044 μmol/L. The method was successfully applied to quantify AA in vitamin C tablets with recoveries ranging from 99.7 % to 106.3 %. This research provides a promising prospect for the application of spinel-structured nanoparticles in CL detection platforms and offers valuable insights into nanoparticle size modulation and OV engineering for catalytic optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emission based sensing of phosphate ions and ATP via a newly synthesized Cu(II) chelated tetra N-phenyl carbazole porphyrin derivative","authors":"Serkan Oncuoglu , Taskin Mumcu , Cevher Gundogdu Hizliates , Kadriye Ertekin","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work spectral properties and sensor characteristics of a newly synthesized porphyrin derivative were investigated by absorption, excitation and emission spectroscopy. We also treated this molecule as a metal-ion chelation based fluorescent probe and investigated its response for PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> and hydrolyzed adenosine triphosphate. Tetra-N-phenyl-carbazole-porphyrin derivative (TN-PCP) equipped with four symmetrical carbazole units via phenyl linkages exhibited high quantum yield in DMSO (Ф=0.55.1). We reported effect of the Cu (II) and Ag (I) ions on the fluorescence of the TN-PCP considering general sensor parameters including calibration studies, selectivity and LOD values. Metal chelation by Cu (II) and Ag (I) quenched the fluorescence of the probe with I<sub>0</sub>/I<sub>100</sub> ratios of 20.1 and 2.5, respectively. Considering the higher magnitude and effectiveness of the Cu(II)-induced quenching, we tested some analytes that could restore the emission of Cu[TN-PCP], thereby signaling the analytes including chelating anions. Among them, phosphate ion exhibited an exceptional and selective response towards the Cu[ TN-PCP] complex at pH 12.0 in a buffered solution. We measured 14.0 and 2.0-fold increase in emission intensity of the dye at 360 and 687 nm, upon phosphate binding, respectively. Additionally, we reported a very promising and selective response for the ATP molecule (I<sub>0</sub>/I<sub>100</sub> = 50.0) for a concentration range; 1.8*10<sup>−4</sup> M −1.7*10<sup>−2</sup> M, at 420 nm, which can easily determine the ATP levels in bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, muscle cells and even in intercellular spaces. The LOD value of the probe was found to be 2.1*10<sup>−5</sup> M for the ATP molecule. We have also demonstrated that the proposed probe can be used as an emission-based sensor capable of exhibiting good detection limits for these two metal cations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changwei Jiao , Miaoliang Chen , Jiaqi Liao , Jialun Li , Ruili Zhang , Sailing He
{"title":"Rapid, label-free detection of colorectal cancer with an aberration-free line scanning confocal Raman imager","authors":"Changwei Jiao , Miaoliang Chen , Jiaqi Liao , Jialun Li , Ruili Zhang , Sailing He","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A self-developed aberration-free line scanning confocal Raman imager (AFLSCRI) with a spectral resolution of 0.12 nm and a spatial resolution of 2 μm is utilized to diagnose colorectal cancer. The tissues were categorized into four subgroups (typical tissue, lipid-rich tissue, fat-rich tissue, and collagen-rich tissue) and were successfully distinguished with our Raman imaging results. Compared to traditional point-scanning Raman spectroscopy, this imager offers a much faster speed with high spectral resolution while maintaining a similar spatial resolution. The Raman spectroscopy results of the same sample of colorectal cancer remain stable and unaffected even measured after six months. The molecular composition of the tissues was analyzed, and potential biomarkers such as carotenoids and protein structures were identified for four different types of colorectal tissues. When combined with machine learning algorithms, an accuracy of 92.8% was achieved in identifying 14 pairs of normal/cancer samples. These results highlight the great potential of the AFLSCRI in label-free, rapid, and non-invasive medical diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen Liu , Jun Dong , Yuchong Ren , Wanting Zhou , Qingyan Han , Chengyun Zhang , Kaili Ren , Yongkai Wang , Wei Gao , Jianxia Qi
{"title":"Fabrication of plasmonic Au-Ag alloy nanostars for ultrasensitive SERS detection","authors":"Wen Liu , Jun Dong , Yuchong Ren , Wanting Zhou , Qingyan Han , Chengyun Zhang , Kaili Ren , Yongkai Wang , Wei Gao , Jianxia Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2025.126208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, Au-Ag alloy nanostar (Au-Ag NSt) substrates were prepared by liquid-liquid three-phase self-assembly method, and the influence of preparation conditions on their Raman activity of the substrate was explored. By adjusting the gold-silver ratios of alloy seeds and the concentration of AgNO<sub>3</sub> in the growth solution, it was found that the LSPR peak can be adjusted. Under the conditions of Au<sub>1</sub>-Ag<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles as seeds and 200 μL AgNO<sub>3</sub> solution (2 mM) as epitaxial growth solution, the prepared Au<sub>1</sub>-Ag<sub>3</sub> NSt substrate exhibits excellent SERS activity. The substrate can detect R6G and CV probe molecules with detection limits as low as 10<sup>−11</sup> M and 10<sup>−10</sup> M, respectively. Experiments have confirmed that the substrate has the characteristics of high sensitivity, good uniformity and strong stability. In addition, the substrate can detect APM molecules far below the safety standard, which further proves that the structure has excellent practical application potential as a SERS substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":433,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 126208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}