Oluwadunni Adegbite, Andrew Enegela, Crystal Obiozor, Edore Onigu-Otite
{"title":"Adolescent Substance Use, and Related Emergency Room Visits, and Continuum of Care","authors":"Oluwadunni Adegbite, Andrew Enegela, Crystal Obiozor, Edore Onigu-Otite","doi":"10.2174/0122106766304121240718112939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106766304121240718112939","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Adolescence is a unique developmental period marked by\u0000biophysiological changes and psychosocial exploration. Risk-taking behaviors,\u0000including experimentation with psychoactive substances, are common during this\u0000period. Emergency room (ER) visits for adverse events related to adolescent\u0000substance use have increased over the last two decades. Without a continuum of care\u0000from the ER, significant opportunities to intervene are missed. The narrative review\u0000article aims to provide an overview of substance use during Adolescence in the\u0000United States, highlight related ER visits, and discuss extending care beyond the ER.\u0000A literature review was conducted to reveal historical and recent studies related to\u0000adolescent substance use trends, morbidity, and mortality patterns, as well as the\u0000much-needed continuum of care after the ER. Our approach prioritized capturing\u0000diverse perspectives and significant studies relevant to these themes, aiming for a\u0000thorough discussion without strict adherence to systematic review methodologies.\u0000The selection of studies involved a comprehensive search across multiple databases,\u0000including PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant academic journals. Search terms\u0000were tailored to capture studies addressing adolescent substance abuse, ER visitation,\u0000and aftercare. Studies were screened based on title, abstract, and full-text review,\u0000with a focus on relevance and significance to the review's objectives. The strategy for\u0000this narrative review facilitated a detailed exploration of the selected themes while\u0000also allowing for flexibility in study selection and interpretation. National studies\u0000indicate an overall decline in the proportions of adolescents using substances\u0000compared to pre-COVID-19 levels. However, morbidity and mortality patterns have\u0000not mirrored this decline. Various factors, including gender, location, and specific\u0000mental health disorders, are associated with adolescent substance use presentations.\u0000Acute care providers in emergency settings, employing protocols like SBIRT, can\u0000significantly impact outcomes by facilitating appropriate screening and referral to\u0000aftercare treatment programs. Identification of barriers to care, such as stigma and\u0000social determinants of health, is important in formulating tailored interventions.\u0000While acute care provides an opportunity to intervene and initiate treatment, a\u0000continuum of care is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality patterns among\u0000adolescents with substance use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychosomatic Problems Among Adolescents During/Post the\u0000COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Shukla, Niti Upadhyay","doi":"10.2174/0122106766307916240626104350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122106766307916240626104350","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This systematic review aimed at exploring the impact of the\u0000coronavirus pandemic on adolescents’ psychosomatic problems and whether the\u0000pandemic differentially impacted different genders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It also explored whether particular clusters of psychosomatic problems, viz.,\u0000psychological, somatic, and musculoskeletal, manifested more post-pandemic than\u0000before. An extensive search of eight electronic databases for studies\u0000published/conducted between 2014-2018 for pre-pandemic prevalence of\u0000psychosomatic problems among adolescents (11-17 years) and for studies published\u0000and conducted between 2019-2023 during/post-pandemic prevalence resulted in the\u0000final selection of 38 studies. This included 25 pre-pandemic studies, six studies\u0000published and conducted during/after the pandemic, and seven studies that reported\u0000pre-post-pandemic comparison. The review was reported following PRISMA\u0000guidelines. ROBINS-E tool was used for assessing the risk of bias while the JBI\u0000Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess study quality.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings showed that sleep problems and headaches dominated adolescent\u0000psychosomatic problems pre-pandemic. Sleep problems continued to be the most\u0000common problem post-pandemic, followed by stomach ache and feeling low,\u0000dizziness, irritability, appetite loss, tension, and difficulty concentrating. In general,\u0000females reported more psychosomatic symptoms, though limited research explored\u0000gender differences. Only one study found improved psychosomatic health postpandemic, more so for boys than girls. Psychological complaints increased postpandemic; however, results were mixed about somatic and musculoskeletal\u0000complaints after the pandemic. Some studies found no change in post-pandemic\u0000psychosomatic symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Gender-specific, tailored training programs are crucial for enhancing\u0000resilience and coping to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on adolescents’\u0000psychosomatic health.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43326,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}