Impact of Changing Cannabis Laws on Cannabis Use Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, and Mortality Outcomes in US Youth: A Narrative Review

IF 0.4 Q4 PEDIATRICS

Adolescent Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI:10.2174/0122106766248146231006061511

Christopher Joseph Hammond, Anne E Boustead, Mary A Fristad, Aditya Pawar, Danielle L Steelesmith, Cynthia A Fontanella

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Abstract

Abstract: Youth cannabis use is a major public health crisis. Cannabis laws carry significant health implications for American youth. Relaxing of these laws – through decriminalization, medical and recreational legalization – by a majority of states in the United States (US) over the past 25 years has dramatically shifted societal perceptions and adult use. How cannabis policy changes have affected the population-wide health of US youth and downstream public health implications of cannabis laws remain topics of significant debate. Cannabis is the most commonly used federally-illicit drug by US adolescents and the main drug for which US teens obtain substance use treatment. Adolescent cannabis use is associated with negative long-term consequences for mental health, risk-taking behaviors, and academic/job achievement. As of January 2023, 37 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have enacted medical cannabis laws; of these, 21 states and DC have recreational cannabis laws. Multiple studies have assessed the association between cannabis laws and youth cannabis use; results indicate mostly null effects for medical laws and mixed effects for recreational laws. Little is known about the effects of cannabis laws on mental health and mortality outcomes for American youth. Methodological limitations have made the interpretation of this literature difficult. This article presents a narrative review of current scientific literature investigating the impact of changing cannabis policies on cannabis and other drug use, mental health, and mortality outcomes in US youth. Implications are framed within a larger discussion on national trends in youth drug use, effects of adolescent cannabis exposure on health outcomes, and research-based policymaking.

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改变大麻法律对美国青年大麻使用障碍、严重精神疾病和死亡率结果的影响:叙述性回顾

摘要:青少年使用大麻是一项重大的公共卫生危机。大麻法对美国年轻人的健康有着重大影响。过去25年来，美国大多数州通过非刑事化、医疗和娱乐合法化放宽了这些法律，极大地改变了社会观念和成人使用大麻的情况。大麻政策的变化如何影响美国青年的全民健康以及大麻法对下游公共卫生的影响仍然是重大辩论的主题。大麻是美国青少年最常用的联邦非法药物，也是美国青少年获得药物滥用治疗的主要药物。青少年使用大麻会对心理健康、冒险行为和学业/工作成就产生长期负面影响。截至2023年1月，37个州和哥伦比亚特区颁布了医用大麻法;其中，21个州和华盛顿特区有娱乐性大麻法律。多项研究评估了大麻法律与青少年使用大麻之间的关系;结果表明，对医疗法规的影响基本为零，对娱乐法规的影响是混合的。人们对大麻法对美国青年心理健康和死亡率的影响知之甚少。方法上的限制使得对这些文献的解释变得困难。本文介绍了当前科学文献的叙述回顾，调查改变大麻政策对美国青少年大麻和其他药物使用、心理健康和死亡率结果的影响。所涉问题是在关于全国青少年吸毒趋势、青少年接触大麻对健康结果的影响以及基于研究的政策制定的更广泛讨论中提出的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Adolescent Psychiatry PEDIATRICS-

CiteScore

0.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Adolescent Psychiatry a peer-reviewed journal, aims to provide mental health professionals who work with adolescents with current information relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Adolescent Psychiatry reports of original research, critical reviews of topics relevant to practitioners, clinical observations with analysis and discussion, analysis of philosophical, ethical or social aspects of the fields of psychiatry and mental health, case reports with discussions, letters, and position papers. Topics include adolescent development and developmental psychopathology, psychotherapy and other psychosocial treatment approaches, psychopharmacology, and service settings and programs. The primary focus of the work should be on adolescents, transition-aged youth, The primary focus of the work should be on adolescents, transition-aged youth, or emerging adults, that is, persons 12-24 years of age . Articles on families of adolescents, or adults who have been followed since adolescence will also be considered.