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Analysis on immune checkpoint inhibitors for elder patients: benefits and costs relative to chemotherapy 老年患者免疫检查点抑制剂的分析:与化疗相关的收益和成本
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692639
Shengdi Sun
{"title":"Analysis on immune checkpoint inhibitors for elder patients: benefits and costs relative to chemotherapy","authors":"Shengdi Sun","doi":"10.1117/12.2692639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692639","url":null,"abstract":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a breakthrough in cancer treatment that utilizes the patient’s own immune defense systems to very specifically target tumors and cure cancers. The treatment achieved high levels of success within its clinical trials and entered the market. However, these clinical trials are very limited on the interactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the elderly, which make up a large portion of cancer patients. This investigation, therefore, aims to clarify some of the potential problems that may arise with using immune checkpoint inhibitors in the elderly and compare the benefits and costs relative to chemotherapy by collecting and assorting available data from various systematic and clinical studies. Contrary to intuition, our findings do not suggest a large direct decrease in efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors within the elderly when compared to younger patients, but many situations that can be associated with old age such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, immunosenescense, can affect the rate of adverse effects and rate of innate resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134150997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs affecting GABAergic and Glutamatergic synaptic transmission 抗癫痫药物影响gaba能和谷氨酸能突触传递的作用机制
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692185
Yixuan Cao
{"title":"The mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs affecting GABAergic and Glutamatergic synaptic transmission","authors":"Yixuan Cao","doi":"10.1117/12.2692185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692185","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a life-threatening disorder, with 10% of the world's population would experience at least one seizure during their lives. This review summarises antiepileptic drugs focused on GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. GABA and glutamate receptors are the primary targets for those antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Three types of GABA receptors with structural and metabolically differences, GABAA and GABAC, are ionotropic receptors with different reactions to antagonists, and GABAB receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Two types of glutamate receptors are investigated: ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) and metabolic glutamate receptors (mGluR). iGluRs are channels receptor with a central pore allowing ions to pass through. There are three main types: AMPA receptors, kainate receptors, and NMDA receptors. mGluRs are GPCRs with eight members, which can be classified into three groups: group I, group II, and group III. These structures and their functions are explained further with relevant target drugs.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122760290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heart disease prediction using machine learning models 利用机器学习模型预测心脏病
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692214
HengYuan Zhang
{"title":"Heart disease prediction using machine learning models","authors":"HengYuan Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2692214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692214","url":null,"abstract":"As heart disease is getting more and more attention from people and with the development of machine learning. The author can use machine learning techniques to construct models to analyze patients’ physical and psychological conditions and make prediction about if or not a patient has heart disease or not based on the patient’s personal information it takes. The dataset is a collection of patients’ personal information that have different genders, race, physical condition and psychological condition and so on. Our experiment starts with data preprocessing by trimming off extreme values and incomplete values while balancing the number of data presented by different classes. The author uses four models to predict whether a patient is experiencing heart disease or not which can help patients’ to know their status and alert people not to get heart disease. The author starts with KNN, ANN then support vector machine and eventually Random Forest, the author tune model’s hyperparameters to make sure they are at their best state. At last the author will compare the accuracy with each other to find out which model is efficient and accurate in predicting heart disease.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of pathogenesis and treatment of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病内质网应激的发病机制及治疗分析
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692042
Yixin Yang
{"title":"Analysis of pathogenesis and treatment of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiovascular disease","authors":"Yixin Yang","doi":"10.1117/12.2692042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692042","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are one of the key topics of current research. Existing studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress has a non-negligible relationship with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the pathogenesis and treatment of typical endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cardiovascular diseases are still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper summarizes the pathogenesis and therapeutic drugs of some common cardiovascular diseases by sorting and analyzing the existing literature. Studies have found that excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress can cause serious damage to cells through the apoptosis pathway. Most of the treatment principles are to inhibit excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress by blocking signaling pathways, increasing or decreasing the expression of related genes, etc. The active components of a variety of Chinese herbal medicines are very effective in treating cardiovascular diseases caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Extracting the active components from plants or synthesizing new substances is an effective idea to find new therapies. The body response induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress can provide a reference for the study of other diseases with unknown pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128933403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Procrastination minimization: overview of how neuroscience will shape procrastination 拖延最小化:神经科学如何塑造拖延症的概述
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692850
Jiachi Xue
{"title":"Procrastination minimization: overview of how neuroscience will shape procrastination","authors":"Jiachi Xue","doi":"10.1117/12.2692850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692850","url":null,"abstract":"Procrastination is a long-term puzzle for everyone, which is deeply rooted in our life, and it could be affecting our normal life. This paper will discover how Neuroscience, a recent trend in the field of Science, could play a role in minimalizing procrastination. It is set to reveal the inside structure of the human brain and discover what organs are important to understand the mystery of procrastination. Specifically, this paper will introduce the contrasting features of the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, and it will guide us to understand how different parts of the brain could act against each other to achieve their wills. The paper will lastly provide insight into how Neuroscience can collaborate with other fields of study to extend its positive impacts on understanding procrastination.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131845400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in treating major depressive disorder with comparison to that of antidepressant and other forms of psychotherapy 认知行为疗法治疗重度抑郁症的疗效分析，并与抗抑郁药和其他形式的心理治疗进行比较
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2691749
Yuanhao Guo
{"title":"Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in treating major depressive disorder with comparison to that of antidepressant and other forms of psychotherapy","authors":"Yuanhao Guo","doi":"10.1117/12.2691749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2691749","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is the leading mental health problem worldwide and there are many treatments used for it and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is one that is widely used. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of CBT based on different characteristics of the treatment and compare it with other treatments via reviewing and integrating the results from past studies. This paper concluded that CBT is effective for both mild to moderate and severe depression and may be more effective for the former one. Internet-based CBT also works as effective as face-to-face CBT. Compared with other treatments, CBT possesses several unique advantages that made it popular for treating depression but also limitations that led to the fact that it is not the only way of treating depression. A combined treatment is preferred to yield better outcomes.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133999173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing and its application on pig-to-human xenotransplantation CRISPR/ cas介导的基因组编辑及其在猪-人异种移植中的应用
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.3000215
Yingrong Zeng
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing and its application on pig-to-human xenotransplantation","authors":"Yingrong Zeng","doi":"10.1117/12.3000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000215","url":null,"abstract":"Pig-to-human xenotransplantation is an approach to tackle organ failure, and it greatly mitigates the lack of organ donors for human homogeneous transplantation. Gene editing on the animal organ makes xenotransplantation feasible under different challenges. Emergence of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing significantly improved the efficiency of gene editing, which promote the preclinical procedure in human. This article mainly discusses whether the branches of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing techniques are applicable on pig-to-human xenotransplantation clinically. Although CRISPR/Cas-based technology brings a promising future to xenotransplantation, more practical studies and research are needed along with the consideration of ethical issues.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132347200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 治疗阿尔茨海默病的新疗法
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692195
Ruijin Zhang
{"title":"Novel therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Ruijin Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2692195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692195","url":null,"abstract":"Over 50 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a sneaky, advancing neurological illness that accounts for the majority of dementia. Since there is no treatment for AD, the primary objective of current drug development is to invent medications that slows down the disease progression. Two clinical manifestations, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposits and neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau, are the pathological characteristics of AD and serve as biomarkers for neurodegenerative illness. CT1812 is a sigma-2 receptor antagonist, mechanistically aiming to displace Aβ oligomers attached to neuronal receptors to counteract AD progression. Other drugs, following the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antibody aducanumab targeting amyloid-beta protein, recent results from clinical trials of lecanemab, donanemab and gantenerumab, revelas further information pertaining to the target of the amyloid-beta protein that associates with disease progression. In addition to this, efforts are needed to identify new and effective targets and to scale up drugs that have already undergone initial clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132625717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Location analysis of nucleic testing vehicles based on dynamic programming 基于动态规划的核酸检测车辆定位分析
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.3000118
Zongshuo Guo
{"title":"Location analysis of nucleic testing vehicles based on dynamic programming","authors":"Zongshuo Guo","doi":"10.1117/12.3000118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000118","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of the Covid-19, people’s production and life have been greatly affected. In order to protect people’s health and minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development, China has implemented a ”Dynamic clearing” policy. Precise prevention can minimize the impact of the epidemic on the economy and society. With the normalization of nucleic testing and in order to achieve convenience and benefit for the people, ensuring that all those in need are tested, nucleic testing vehicle are becoming more and more widly used in various cities. However, the site selection of nucleic testing vehicle requires consideration of multiple factors. For example, the distance of nucleic testing vehicle from communities and business districts, the population of each location, even the traffic conditions, etc. These factors will affect the efficiency of nucleic testing. In this paper, we make some reasonable assumptions and model the situation in various condition. The use of algorithms such as dynamic programming and divide and conquer algorithm improves the efficiency of nucleic testing.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117317834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical efficacy and controversies of aducanumab aducanumab的临床疗效及争议
International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1117/12.2692200
Qingyue Gao
{"title":"Clinical efficacy and controversies of aducanumab","authors":"Qingyue Gao","doi":"10.1117/12.2692200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692200","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody aducanumab has been approved by FDA in Jun 2021. It is the first diseasemodifying drug for the treatment of mild Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) to improve cognitive functions by clearing the amyloid plaques in brain. This review discussed all aspects of the aducanumab development, including the structural and kinetic perspective in its discovery, the most important results from phase 1 and two phase 3 clinical trials and its controversies. Despite FDA approval, aducanumab did not announce a success in controlling the development of AD at early-stages possibly due to the contribution from other confounding pathological pathways and mixed biomarkers occurred during AD pathogenesis. Thereby, it is vital to conduct long-term post-market surveillance, as well as concentrating more on researching AD pathogenesis. Other potential therapeutic targets, such as inhibiting unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways, might also contribute to the progression of AD and therefore catch increasing attention in research field.","PeriodicalId":432989,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134013103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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