2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)最新文献

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Effect of Armature Reaction on Asymmetric PM Loss and Temperature Distributions in V-shape Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines 电枢反应对v型内嵌式永磁同步电机非对称损耗和温度分布的影响
Yinzhao Zheng, D. Liang, Z. Zhu, Hailong Liu, Yanjian Zhou
{"title":"Effect of Armature Reaction on Asymmetric PM Loss and Temperature Distributions in V-shape Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"Yinzhao Zheng, D. Liang, Z. Zhu, Hailong Liu, Yanjian Zhou","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990454","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of armature reaction on asymmetric distributions of permanent magnet (PM) eddy current loss and temperature in a double-layer V-shape interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) for electric vehicles is investigated. Lumped parameter thermal network model and analytical method are established to predict the average temperature distribution and identify the hotspot in the winding. 2D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to calculate PM eddy current loss distributions and other loss density distributions, which are coupled into the 3D thermal FEA model to investigate the PM temperature distribution. It reveals that the phase currents with different advancing angles lead to asymmetric eddy current loss and thermal distributions among PMs of the same pole.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116079499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel DC-link Voltage Observer with Time Delay Compensation for Small DC-link Capacitor-based IPMSM with EEMF Based Sensorless Control 基于EEMF无传感器控制的小型直流电容型IPMSM的新型直流电压观测器
Jun Yan, Ximeng Wu, Z. Zhu, Chaohui Liu
{"title":"A Novel DC-link Voltage Observer with Time Delay Compensation for Small DC-link Capacitor-based IPMSM with EEMF Based Sensorless Control","authors":"Jun Yan, Ximeng Wu, Z. Zhu, Chaohui Liu","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990553","url":null,"abstract":"DC-link voltage sensor is very important for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) control system, especially for small dc-link capacitors-based PMSMs control system where dc-link voltage is always fluctuating. However, the voltage sensor is expensive and may suffer measurement errors and failures in the harsh environment. Therefore, this paper proposes a quasi-proportional integral resonant type of voltage observer to estimate the dc-link voltage accurately based on inverter power balance. The proposed voltage observer could lower the cost and increasing the system reliability. In addition, the estimation delay in the proposed observer due to low pass filter (LPF) will cause the large voltage observation error since the dc-link voltage is fluctuating. To eliminate the effect of estimation delay on the system, this paper predicts and reconstructs the estimated voltage based on the periodicity of fluctuating dc-link voltage. The accuracy of the dc-link voltage observer and the efficiency of the delay compensation strategy have been demonstrated by the experiments.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125824930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Networked Control of Distributed Energy Systems in Dispatchable Microgrids: System Modeling and Stability Considerations 可调度微电网中分布式能源系统的网络控制:系统建模和稳定性考虑
Augusto Matheus dos Santos Alonso, João Bosco Ribeiro Da Val
{"title":"Networked Control of Distributed Energy Systems in Dispatchable Microgrids: System Modeling and Stability Considerations","authors":"Augusto Matheus dos Santos Alonso, João Bosco Ribeiro Da Val","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990325","url":null,"abstract":"Inverter-interfaced distributed energy systems have been spreading over low-voltage electric grids to achieve higher integration of renewable sources while offering adjustable controllability over power conversion. In addition, due to their remote control capabilities that support a networked system framework, such inverters play an essential role from the perspective of dispatchable microgrids. These are power systems of limited size incorporating information and communication technology infrastructures. By managing network-controlled inverters, it is possible to regulate the power dispatchability of microgrids, allowing them to flexibly exchange power with the upstream grid as needed flexibly. Nonetheless, the control modeling and stability concerns of inverters forming a networked system within such a perspective lack discussion in the literature. Hence, this paper proposes a generic system model for a dispatchable microgrid, considering that a central controller steers inverters under a networked control framework. Moreover, stability considerations are presented, highlighting the impact of communication delays on the microgrid operation and indicating that multiple aspects still need to be investigated in future research.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120936009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy Management of Autonomous Electric Vehicles by Reinforcement Learning Techniques 基于强化学习技术的自动驾驶电动汽车能量管理
M. Alonso, H. Amaris, David Martín, A. de la Escalera
{"title":"Energy Management of Autonomous Electric Vehicles by Reinforcement Learning Techniques","authors":"M. Alonso, H. Amaris, David Martín, A. de la Escalera","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990292","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in e-mobility poses new challenges to power grid operators who must cope with the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy sources and customer demand and the electric vehicle integration into the grid. In this paper a Reinforcement Learning algorithm based on Principal Policy optimization is proposed for energy management of electric vehicles and PV storage units. The RL algorithm considers the vehicle battery constraints, range anxiety and battery aging constraints. Moreover, the algorithm controls the charging of the photovoltaic storage unit to minimize the PV energy curtailment. Results show the improvement of the proposed algorithm compared to Business-as-usual and value-iteration solutions.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"945 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123306309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Model-based investigation and evaluation of a hydrogen expansion engine by determining system efficiency as well as market development for heavy-duty hydrogen vehicles 基于模型的氢膨胀发动机系统效率评估及重型氢动力汽车市场开发研究
Nicolas Muck, Steffen Wieser, Özcan Deniz, Marcel Scharmach
{"title":"Model-based investigation and evaluation of a hydrogen expansion engine by determining system efficiency as well as market development for heavy-duty hydrogen vehicles","authors":"Nicolas Muck, Steffen Wieser, Özcan Deniz, Marcel Scharmach","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990165","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the economic and technical potential of the energetic use of hydrogen expansion in a fuel cell electric vehicle at a pressure drop from 700 bar in the H2 storage to 3 bar in the fuel cell stack is investigated. From the economic point of view, the paper focuses on the cost analysis of an H2 expansion engine with coupled generator as well as the determination and comparison of the total operating costs of a fuel cell vehicle in heavy-duty applications without and with integrated expansion engine. In addition, the new registration numbers of these vehicles are simulated and evaluated based on different model assumptions until 2040. For the technical consideration, detailed physical simulation models are created in Dymola to quantify the efficiency at different operating points, which reduce the efficiency and depend on different loss processes. The results show that energy recovery from onboard hydrogen expansion in hydrogen heavy-duty vehicles is both economically and energetically rewarding.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124442389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An introductory step to develop Distance Decay Functions in the Italian context to assess the modal split to e-bike and e-scooter 在意大利环境中开发距离衰减函数的介绍性步骤,以评估电动自行车和电动滑板车的模态分裂
M. D’Apuzzo, A. Evangelisti, Giuseppe Cappelli, V. Nicolosi
{"title":"An introductory step to develop Distance Decay Functions in the Italian context to assess the modal split to e-bike and e-scooter","authors":"M. D’Apuzzo, A. Evangelisti, Giuseppe Cappelli, V. Nicolosi","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990446","url":null,"abstract":"The recent success of muscular, e-bike and e-scooter in the last years shows how big efforts need to be made in order to understand which are the consequences on the whole transport sector. Electric vehicles, such as e-bike and e-scooter, provide health benefits but also economic benefits than buy or use a car for commuting. In this paper, Distance Decay Functions (DDFs) are developed for a case study and the main characteristics that influences the bike use over 90 Italian cities are studied in order to create a bike demand model to forecast the future demand. As last step, an instrument for designers and city road managers to assess the modal split to e-bike and e-scooter is provided.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123430194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control of an Isolated AC-DC Matrix Converter for Vehicle-to-Grid Applications 车用-电网隔离型交直流矩阵变换器的控制
Claudio Vidal, C. Rodríguez, Kevin Ríos, S. Rajendran, M. Díaz
{"title":"Control of an Isolated AC-DC Matrix Converter for Vehicle-to-Grid Applications","authors":"Claudio Vidal, C. Rodríguez, Kevin Ríos, S. Rajendran, M. Díaz","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990145","url":null,"abstract":"Fast electric vehicle chargers are commonly equipped with medium frequency transformers to provide galvanic isolation between the battery and the grid. Conventionally, several Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC) conversions are needed to insert the medium frequency transformer in the AC-DC grid-battery rectification process. Therefore, this paper presents an electric vehicle charger based on an isolated AC-DC Matrix Converter. A Space Vector Modulation technique is combined with Phase-Shifted Modulation to regulate the power transference at the same time as the proposed charger provides Vehicle-to-Grid services. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed topology and control strategy.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129069838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electromagnetic Compatibility Evaluation of Wireless Charging Systems for Public Spaces 公共场所无线充电系统电磁兼容性评价
A. David, M. Tiemann, B. Schmuelling, N. Haussmann, S. Stroka, M. Clemens
{"title":"Electromagnetic Compatibility Evaluation of Wireless Charging Systems for Public Spaces","authors":"A. David, M. Tiemann, B. Schmuelling, N. Haussmann, S. Stroka, M. Clemens","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990467","url":null,"abstract":"Almost worldwide, various agreements and regulations are enacted and vigorously enforced to address long-lasting climate change. Public transport with conventional combustion engines is affected by driving bans in restricted areas in cities. Nevertheless, electric vehicles with conductive charging are not suitable for all applications, e.g. taxis. That is due to the high daily route distances and the irregular waiting periods in queues (taxi on demand). As a solution to this problem, wireless charging for taxis in a public space is developed and realized in the project TALAKO. In this context, a guaranteed safeguarding of the electromagnetic environmental compatibility (EMCE) is essential so that the developed system is not a hazard to the health of humans and animals. This paper addresses the investigation of the resulting magnetic fields in the context of wireless power transfer for taxis in public areas using numerical simulation methods. Furthermore, the analyses are compared by field measurements.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127793079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Analysis of the Wind Energy Supply and Integration in South Africa 南非风能供应与整合分析
Stefan Karamanski, Gareth Erfort
{"title":"Analysis of the Wind Energy Supply and Integration in South Africa","authors":"Stefan Karamanski, Gareth Erfort","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990556","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa’s energy network is under severe pressure due to low supply and overwhelming demand. With an increase in renewable energy providers, specifically wind energy, it offers great apprehension to know how the supply can aid electricity demand. This research aims to create insight into the wind energy supply of South Africa and question how well this supply meets the demand of South Africa. The methodology used in this work highlights the importance of access to public datasets to dispel misconceptions in the energy industry. Additionally, the work supports network planning and the arguments for increasing wind energy penetration on the South African grid. Wind profiles and typical energy production of South African wind farms are compared to electricity demand. The geographical spacing of the operational wind farms are considered. It is observed that wind energy supply assists in the peak electricity hourly demand as well as seasonal peaks.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116869397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal Sizing and Placement of Droop-based Converters in DC Microgrids With ZIP Loads 带ZIP负载的直流微电网中基于下垂变流器的优化尺寸和布局
Spyridon Chapaloglou, B. Abdolmaleki, E. Tedeschi
{"title":"Optimal Sizing and Placement of Droop-based Converters in DC Microgrids With ZIP Loads","authors":"Spyridon Chapaloglou, B. Abdolmaleki, E. Tedeschi","doi":"10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART55236.2022.9990094","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving satisfactory voltage regulation in dc microgrids with distributed generators while using those as efficiently as possible, does not only depend on implementing appropriate control laws but also on making smart decisions in the planning stage. For the droop-based decentralized control framework, the droop design depends on the generator’s location, the grid topology, and the load distribution, especially when constant power loads are considered. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming methodology is proposed for simultaneously deciding the locations and the size of distributed generators in dc microgrids to achieve optimal current sharing. The problem formulation includes a detailed discussion on the linearization of the various non-linear terms and the integration of the power flow equations. In addition, a set of constraints is proposed to help estimate the least upper bound of the generator’s rating depending on the number of available generators. Then, the proposed formulation is used to explore the optimal placement and sizing of droop-based generators as a function of how many are available, revealing preference patterns associated with the microgrid structure. The proposed optimal decisions are also validated with time-domain simulations demonstrating the feasibility of the solution.","PeriodicalId":432948,"journal":{"name":"2022 Second International Conference on Sustainable Mobility Applications, Renewables and Technology (SMART)","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125676979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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