Problèmes d'Amérique latine最新文献

{"title":"El Salvador : la révolution introuvable. Bilan de dix ans de gouvernement du FMLN (2009-2019)","authors":"Benjamin Moallic","doi":"10.3917/pal.116.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.116.0103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116699364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voice et Exil. Itinéraire d’une opposante Azul y Blanco","authors":"Benjamin Moallic","doi":"10.3917/PAL.112.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/PAL.112.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Compose a partir du temoignage d’une jeune nicaraguayenne refugiee en Espagne a la suite des repressions de mai-juin 2018, ce recit met en lumiere la facon dont des sympathisants du Front ont pu basculer dans la critique puis le rejet du sandinisme. Revenant sur les contradictions du regime orteguiste, on y voit une jeune fille etre peu a peu prise par les evenements puis par la repression menee par le FSLN. Contrainte a l’exil, son histoire temoigne de la strategie jusqu’au-boutiste de dictature orteguiste et d’une reflexion plus profonde sur les peurs de ses fideles.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134359212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’avortement en Argentine : le refus de l’autonomie des femmes","authors":"A. Montoya","doi":"10.3917/pal.114.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.114.0013","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl 14 de junio de 2018, la camara baja argentina hizo una deliberacion historica : con 129 votos a favor y 125 en contra, los diputados votaron por la legalizacion del aborto durante las primeras catorce semanas de embarazo. Despues de decadas de movilizacion, parecia que Argentina se convertiria en el segundo pais de America del Sur, despues de Uruguay en 2012, en legalizar una practica comun pero llevada a cabo en completa clandestinidad. Pero, menos de dos meses despues, el 9 de agosto, el Senado infligio un cruel reves a las elecciones a favor, rechazando el proyecto por 38 votos contra 31. El articulo vuelve a los momentos decisivos de la politizacion del aborto en Argentina describiendo los debates de 1994 y los que siguieron a la crisis de 2001. Analiza la eleccion estrategica del discurso sobre la vida para los actores presentes, asi como el papel de la Iglesia catolica para la cual el principal desafio es mantener su peso sobre las elites politicas y su poder institucional, en un contexto de mayor pluralidad religiosa. El texto finalmente cuestiona la aparente paradoja entre los notables avances en los derechos y libertades LGBT, y el bloqueo politico en relacion con el derecho de las mujeres a abortar legalmente y en buenas condiciones sanitarias. EnglishOn June 14, 2018, the Argentinian lower house did a historic deliberation : by 129 votes to 125 and one abstention, the deputies voted for the legalization of abortion during the first fourteen weeks of pregnancy. After decades of mobilization, it seemed that Argentina would become the second country in South America, after Uruguay in 2012, to legalize a common practice, but carried out in complete secrecy. But, less than two months later, on August 9, the Senate inflicted a cruel setback on the pro-choices, rejecting the project by 38 votes to 31. The article returns to the defining moments of the politicization of abortion in Argentina by first relating the debates of 1994 and those following the crisis of 2001. He analyzes the strategic choice of discourse on life for the actors, as well as the role of the Catholic Church for which the main challenge is to keep its weight on the political elites and its institutional power, in a context of greater religious plurality. The text finally questions the apparent paradox between the remarkable advances in LGBT rights and freedoms, and the political deadlock concerning the right of women to abort legally and in good sanitary conditions. francaisLe 14 juin 2018, la chambre basse argentine prononca une deliberation historique : par 129 voix contre 125 et une abstention, les depute-e-s voterent pour la legalisation de l’avortement pendant les quatorze premieres semaines de grossesse. Apres des decennies de mobilisation, il semblait que l’Argentine allait devenir le second pays d’Amerique du Sud, apres l’Uruguay en 2012, a legaliser une pratique courante mais realisee dans la plus complete clandestinite. Mais, moins de deux mois plus tar","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133392018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Honduras dans l’abîme","authors":"D. Vásquez, Kelly Redouté","doi":"10.3917/pal.116.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.116.0089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114346034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minorités sexuelles et de genre en Colombie : Parias ou alliées des FARC ? Années de guerre et processus de paix (2000-2019)","authors":"Olga L. González","doi":"10.3917/pal.114.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.114.0099","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo trata sobre el cambio de perspectiva que se dio en las Farc (inicialmente en la guerrilla, luego en el partido del mismo nombre) con respecto a los sectores LGBT. El articulo muestra que los temas relativos al genero, que inicialmente no tenian ninguna cabida en el proceso de paz, se convirtieron en un asunto importante de las negociaciones de La Habana. La primera parte del articulo muestra como fueron tratadas las personas provenientes de sectores LGBT por los actores de la guerra. Se documentan las diferentes formas de violencia que se produjeron durante el conflicto armado y se dice quienes fueron sus principales responsables. La segunda parte examina las circunstancias que hicieron posible que las organizaciones LGBT fueran escuchadas. Se muestra como, en las primeras elecciones despues del conflicto armado, la mujeres trans se convirtieron en aliadas de partidos politicos progresistas en el ajedrez politico colombiano. El trabajo se apoya en los datos del Registro de Victimas desde el ano 2012, en numerosos testimonios recogidos por organizaciones de derechos humanos colombianos y en investigaciones recientes. Se apoya, asimismo, en entrevistas realizadas en el terreno, en el ano 2018. EnglishThis article examines the change of position that has occurred, in the last twenty years, in the FARC organization (first as a guerilla group and later as a political party) regarding the LGBT sector. The article discusses how gender-related issues, which were entirely ignored in the first stages of the peace process between government and guerrilla, came to become a central aspect of the negotiations held in Havana between 2012 and 2016. The article first investigates how members of the LGBT community were initially treated by the war actors in Colombia. It provides some insight into the different forms of violence LGBT people suffered during the armed conflict and reminds readers of who was responsible for those crimes. We then take a closer look at the conditions that made it possible for LGBT organizations to be heard and show how, during the first election period following the end of the armed conflict, trans women became allies to progressive political parties in Colombia. This study is based on data from the national Victims Registry created in Colombia in 2012, as well as on multiple testimonies collected both by human rights organizations and in recent research. It also draws on interviews conducted in the field in 2018 with the actors concerned. francaisCet article se penche sur la facon dont les FARC, mouvement arme puis parti politique, ont apprehende les personnes LGBT au cours de ces vingt dernieres annees. L’article montre comment les questions relatives au genre, initialement ignorees dans le processus de paix, sont devenues un element important dans les negociations menees a La Havane. L’article documente, dans un premier temps, le traitement des secteurs LGBT par les acteurs de la guerre en Colombie. Il renseigne ","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"8 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116834308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"« Ma parole, c’est la loi ». Mines d’émeraudes, politique, corruption et trafic de drogue : le cas de la région occidentale de Boyacá, Colombie","authors":"J. Parra, S. Valbuena","doi":"10.3917/pal.116.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.116.0127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"50 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114023642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’interruption légale de grossesse dans la ville de Mexico : la convergence vertueuse d’exigences citoyennes, de changements législatifs, et de nouvelles politiques publiques","authors":"Alicia Márquez Murrieta, Garance Robert","doi":"10.3917/pal.114.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.114.0081","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn 2007, en la Ciudad de Mexico, se voto una transformacion legal historica : la legalizacion del aborto antes de las 12 semanas de gestacion. El articulo hace un breve recorrido por la problematica del aborto en Mexico, realizando primero una breve revision de la historia del aborto en el pais ; tambien se mencionan los principales factores que confluyeron en legalizacion, asi como una cronologia sucinta de los hitos favoreciendo la legitimidad de una despenalizacion ; por ultimo se sintetizan los principales elementos de la puesta en practica de la Interrupcion Legal del Embarazo (ILE). El articulo busca enfatizar la importancia de que a la ley le siguieran inmediatamente decisiones medicas y sociales de tal manera que las mujeres la pudieron hacer suya rapidamente. EnglishIn 2007 Mexico City voted for a very important legal transformation : the legalization of abortion before 12 weeks of gestation. The article makes a short recount of the problem of abortion in Mexico, beginning with a brief revision of the history of abortion in the country ; it also mentions the principal factors that influenced this legal transformation, together with the chronology of some of the most important events ; the article finishes with a brief synthesis of the main aspects of the use of “Legal Interruption of Pregnancy” (ILE in Spanish). The passage tries to emphasis the fact that following the passing of the law there were pragmatic, medical and technical decisions that were instantly made that show the relevance and importance of this law and its immediate use. francaisEn 2007, l’assemblee legislative du district federal de Mexico (aujourd’hui Ciudad de Mexico) a vote une transformation legale tres importante : la legalisation de l’avortement avant les 12 premieres semaines de gestation. L’article expose les principaux elements qui ont contribue a la legalisation, ainsi qu’une chronologie des quelques evenements marquants de ce processus ; finalement, nous decrivons la mise en pratique de l’Interruption Legale de la Grossesse (ILG). L’article met en evidence le fait que suite a la loi, et d’une maniere presque immediate, des protocoles medicaux et sociaux ont ete mis en place, de sorte que les femmes ont pu s’approprier rapidement les nouveaux dispositifs.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Économie et société au Paraguay : systèmes productifs, insertion commerciale et émergence de la classe moyenne","authors":"F. Vazquez","doi":"10.3917/pal.115.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.115.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129503963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Du mouvement des droits de l’enfant à la mise en place de politiques de protection en Argentine (1989-2005)","authors":"Julieta Grimberg","doi":"10.3917/pal.113.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.113.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article s’interesse a la diffusion et a l’appropriation du discours des droits de l’enfant en Argentine. Dans ce but, il reconstruit dans un premier temps la creation d’un mouvement local pour les droits de l’enfance, en identifiant les critiques faites par les nouveaux activistes au « systeme tutelaire » de protection en vigueur, en analysant l’usage particulier qu’ils font de la Convention des droits de l’enfant de 1989. Ensuite, l’article explore le processus de mise en place des nouvelles politiques basees sur la perspective de la « protection integrale des droits de l’enfant » dans la ville de Buenos Aires ; un territoire ou coexistent lois nationales et locales issues de visions divergentes de ce qu’est un enfant en danger et de ce que signifie la protection de ses droits. En mettant la focale sur ce processus, l’article analyse les conflits et luttes de pouvoir qui traversent les rapports entre institutions administratives et judiciaires du champ de la protection de l’enfance et montre que les droits de l’enfant ont ete l’objet d’interpretations et d’instrumentalisations diverses.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"23 Suppl A 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133208335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicaragua (2018-2019). Une crise revolutionnaire","authors":"Gilles Bataillon","doi":"10.3917/pal.112.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.112.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Depuis avril 2018, le Nicaragua connait une crise qui rappelle par maints aspects celle qui marqua la fin du regime somoziste il y a quarante ans. Parti d’un refus d’un projet de reforme de la securite sociale, le mouvement de contestation s’est rapidement generalise. En quelques jours c’est non seulement la jeunesse, mais le patronat, les Eglises, les mouvements feministes qui en ont appele lors de manifestations qui ont ete crescendo d’avril a juillet 2018 a une demission du gouvernement et a l’organisation d’elections generalisees. Comment comprendre ce mouvement qui temoigne de l’effondrement de la legitimite du regime d’Ortega et Murillo ? Quel type de dictature tente d’instituer les dirigeants sandinistes au Nicaragua ? Quelle est la nature de la crise qui secoue le Nicaragua depuis avril 2018 ?","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127077686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}