Problèmes d'Amérique latine最新文献

{"title":"L’influence de la diplomatie militaire sur la géopolitique en Amérique latine","authors":"Mauricio Aparecido França","doi":"10.3917/pal.121.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.121.0033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopolítica da América do Sul: crises, continuidades e mudanças","authors":"Wanderley Messias da Costa","doi":"10.3917/pal.121.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.121.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116866000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineração aurífera e desafios ambientais na região das Guianas","authors":"Gutemberg de Vilhena Silva","doi":"10.3917/pal.121.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.121.0063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132577107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O Desenvolvimento Regional no Brasil e na Argentina","authors":"Luciléia Aparecida Colombo","doi":"10.3917/pal.121.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.121.0081","url":null,"abstract":"O tema do desenvolvimento regional é parte essencial do debate sobre a participação do Estado na vida pública, bem como sobre a qualidade dos arranjos institucionais pertencentes aos países, com suas capacidades estatais bem definidas. Este trabalho tem a incumbência de analisar o Brasil e a Argentina e as suas estratégias para o tratamento das desigualdades regionais, especialmente a partir dos anos 50 até os anos 90. Como resultados preliminares pode apontar que, no Brasil, as políticas de desenvolvimento regional visam combater a grande desigualdade existente nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, com mecanismos institucionais bem demarcados, especialmente com a presença ativa das superintendências regionais. No caso argentino, observa que a estratégia adotada para conter as desigualdades regionais nas províncias foi uma escolha constitucional, baseada em uma reforma no federalismo, a partir de 1994. Através desta comparação com dois países da América Latina, este trabalho tem a pretensão de colaborar com o mapeamento dos critérios adotados para a resolução dos problemas regionais específicos.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"12 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123704457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment Managua fut vers 1979 le lieu d’un événement linguistique révolutionnaire","authors":"S. Bourgeois-Gironde","doi":"10.3917/pal.112.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.112.0101","url":null,"abstract":"La revolution sandiniste en 1979 a coincide avec la structuration de la communaute sourde nicaraguayenne, jusque-la composee d’individus isoles, sans moyen d’expression et de communication collectif. Du fait du regroupement de ces personnes sourdes, a cette epoque, dans deux ecoles de Managua, une langue des signes autonome, hors des cadres prevus par les planificateurs linguistiques, a vu le jour. Elle n’emprunte ni a un espagnol signe ni a une langue des signes internationale. La seule reunion des sourds nicaraguayens a fait emerger une langue originale, unique dans l’histoire des langues des signes, l’Idioma de Senas de Nicaragua (ISN), qui est le fruit d’une fusion horizontale de protolangages prives d’individus finalement mis en contact. Les linguistes du MIT, eux-memes alors en pleine effervescence revolutionnaire a la suite des publications de Chomsky, s’emparent du cas nicaraguayen comme un phenomene unique d’apparition d’une langue afin de discuter d’hypotheses fondamentales sur la nature du langage. Nous rapportons ici les debats principaux qui continuent a animer la linguistique jusqu’a ce jour.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130216070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le processus de politisation de l’avortement au Brésil","authors":"Juan P. Marsiaj","doi":"10.3917/pal.114.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.114.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the military dictatorship in Brazil in the 1980s, the mobilization of the feminist movement has played a central role in the politicization of women’s reproductive rights and more specifically of the question of abortion. In that same period, conservative actors, particularly those linked to Catholic and Evangelical churches, have set up a strong resistance to the liberalization of the interruption of pregnancy. This opposition has increased in the last few years. This article examines the dialectic relationship between the feminist movement and the conservative countermovement to highlight the main political dynamics of the struggle for the liberalization of women’s reproductive rights. The article argues that, despite the emergence and intense activity of a feminist movement operating at the national and international levels, as well as the existence of a lively public debate on abortion, the activity of a strongly organized conservative-religious countermovement that benefitted from the political institutional framework in Brazil imposed obstacles to the decriminalization of abortion, even though a few opportunities remain for a relative liberalization. The first two parts of the article analyze the emergence and the impacts of the feminist movement, as well as the relation between religion and politics since the 1980s in Brazil. This backdrop helps explain the state of reproductive rights in Brazil and allows for the examination of the process of politicization of abortion in different institutional spaces. The conclusion looks at recent challenges regarding sexual and reproductive rights following the fall of Workers’ Party (PT) governments and the resurgence of the right.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La judiciarisation de l’avortement en Amérique latine et les limites de la citoyenneté","authors":"Viviana Bohórquez Monsalve, J. Diez, Nora Picasso Uvalle, Garance Robert","doi":"10.3917/pal.114.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.114.0053","url":null,"abstract":"Le phenomene de judiciarisation de la politique en Amerique latine s’est notamment traduit par un essor de l’autonomie de plusieurs Cours supremes ou constitutionnelles, une independance qui leur a permis d’entrer pleinement dans les debats actuels relatifs aux droits reproductifs. Cet article presente une analyse de ce phenomene, en se focalisant sur quatre decisions relatives a l’avortement, rendues par ces hautes instances juridiques, en Argentine, en Colombie, au Costa Rica et au Mexique. Il detaille les arguments que ces tribunaux ont presentes pour defendre ou s’opposer au droit a l’avortement, et evalue la maniere dont ils ont contribue ou non, a l’egalite des sexes. Depuis une perspective historique, il s’agit d’examiner la question de l’integration des femmes en tant que sujets de plein droit dans des democraties qui leur garantissent theoriquement une citoyennete a part entiere. L’analyse suggere que, dans trois cas – en Argentine, en Colombie et au Mexique – les verdicts ont revele des progres significatifs dans la democratisation de ces pays, en elargissant effectivement la dimension egalitaire de la democratie. Dans ces trois cas, l’on peut parler d’une inclusion partielle des femmes dans la citoyennete, tant des restrictions concernant les raisons acceptables pour interrompre une grossesse continuent a etre operantes. Le cas du Costa Rica prend le contre-pied de cette tendance, puisqu’il admet la primaute au droit a la vie de l’enfant a naitre sur tout autre droit des individus feminins. Le droit a l’avortement au Costa Rica se limite donc aux situations dans lesquelles la grossesse met en danger la vie de la femme enceinte.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130926039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La gauche dans la transition démocratique au Paraguay. Analyser 30 ans de démocratie","authors":"Ignacio González Bozzolasco, Fernando Martínez Escobar, Sunniva Labarthe","doi":"10.3917/pal.115.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.115.0087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politique et environnement dans la Moskitia nicaraguayenne (1960-2018)","authors":"G. Bataillon","doi":"10.3917/pal.113.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.113.0083","url":null,"abstract":"espanol?Como entender la relacion entre politica, medioambiente y territorio en la Mosquitia nicaraguense? Este territorio simboliza la paradojica situacion de los pueblos amerindios en el comienzo del siglo XXI. Por un lado, se puede constatar un amplio movimiento por el reconocimiento de los derechos de los pueblos originarios, principalmente, a traves del Convenio 169 aprobado en 1989 por la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo y que consagra el derecho a la tierra de los pueblos originarios. Pero, a la vez, hay un avanzada de frentes agricolas o mineros que alcanzan regiones que habian estado aisladas hasta el momento. En todos los paises de Latinoamerica, observamos la proliferacion de conflictos por la tierra y medioambientales, fenomenos que van ligados con una corrupcion de magnitud sin precedentes. La situacion que vive hoy la Mosquitia y sus habitantes es el mejor reflejo de la complejidad del destino de las poblaciones indigenas a principios del siglo XXI. EnglishHow to understand the relationship between politics, environment and territory in the Nicaraguan Mosquitia? This territory symbolizes the paradoxical situation of the Amerindian peoples at the beginning of the 21st century. On the one hand, we can see a broad movement for the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples, mainly through Convention 169 adopted in 1989 by the International Labour Organization and which enshrines the right to land of native peoples. But, on the other hand, there is an advance of agricultural or mining fronts that reach regions hitherto isolated. In all Latin American countries, there has been a proliferation of land and environmental conflicts, phenomena that are linked to an unprecedented level of corruption. The current situation of the Mosquitia and its inhabitants symbolizes at best the complexity of the fate of Indian populations at the beginning of the 21st century. francaisComment comprendre les rapports entre politique, environnement et territoire dans la Moskitia Nicaraguayenne ? Ce territoire symbolise la situation paradoxale des peuples amerindiens en ce debut de XXIe siecle. On constate a la fois un large mouvement de reconnaissance des droits des populations autochtones, notamment au travers de la Convention (n° 169) relative aux peuples indigenes et tribaux adoptee en 1989 par L’Organisation internationale du travail qui consacre les droits fonciers des peuples autochtones, et dans le meme temps une avancee des fronts agricoles ou miniers qui atteignent des regions jusqu’alors isolees. Dans tous les pays d’Amerique latine, on a assiste a la multiplication de conflits fonciers et environnementaux, conflits qui ont ete de pair avec des phenomenes de corruption sans precedents par leur ampleur. La situation que connait aujourd’hui la Moskitia et ses habitants symbolise au mieux la complexite du sort des populations indiennes au debut du XXI siecle.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jair Bolsonaro à l’épreuve du pouvoir","authors":"Sylvain Souchaud, Rafael Soares Gonçalves","doi":"10.3917/pal.114.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/pal.114.0123","url":null,"abstract":"Dans cet entretien, l’historien bresilien Rafael Soares Goncalves fait le point sur la periode initiale de la presidence de Jair Bolsonaro. Il analyse les tensions ideologiques au sein du gouvernement, ses rapports complexes et conflictuels avec le Parlement, et tente de d’eclairer une politique economique bien peu lisible mais dont le cout social et environnemental est d’ores et deja preoccupant.","PeriodicalId":431825,"journal":{"name":"Problèmes d'Amérique latine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126548655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}