{"title":"High voltage DC power distribution for telecommunications facilities","authors":"C. Foster, M. Dickinson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664075","url":null,"abstract":"Telecom New Zealand was faced with supplying increased DC power capacity to the ldquoNetwork Equipmentrdquo floors in multi-storied buildings. Many of these buildings have floor weight restrictions that make it costly to install high Amp Hour capacity batteries on them. There was also the high cost of bus bar distribution from 50 Volt DC systems on lower floors. Additionally the installation of NGN equipment often demanded the retrofitting of new 50 Volt DC ldquoBrdquo feeds into existing buildings where there is limited space in the electrical risers to accommodate new 50 volt DC bus bars.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114323144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telecommunications installations for truly extended run backup power","authors":"H. Koyama","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664092","url":null,"abstract":"In summary, fuel cell backup power systems operating on a compact liquid fuel can remove the challenges that hydrogen-only systems face. Whether the challenge is hydrogen delivery and storage due to a remote or roof-top location or the high price of hydrogen, reformer-based fuel cell systems have numerous advantages versus hydrogen-only systems as well as traditional battery strings or diesel generators. In addition to those benefits, the compact liquid fuel allows virtually unlimited fuel cell backup power. Existing solutions are commercially available today for mission critical and remote sites, such as telecommunication carrierpsilas tower sites and other critical communications networks. Those fuel cell products for critical power are examples of the range of solutions that can be addressed today using fuel cell and reforming technology.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114493904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasibility of increase in smoothing-capacitor of battery system for dumping power oscillation in transition to isolated operation of distributed generator","authors":"T. Kato, M. Hisada, Y. Suzuoki, H. Yamawaki","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664040","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the feasibility of increasing a smoothing capacitor of battery system regarding a high power supply in a short period during the transition to isolated operation of distributed generation (DG). By forming a small-scale facility micro-grid (FMG), DG and battery system can be utilized to protect a part of load against a disturbance of utility grid. For damping the power oscillation in FMG, a battery system would be required to supply a high power in a short period. For this purpose, this study simply focuses on the enlargement of capacity of smoothing capacitor, which is necessary for the voltage-type inverter, instead of increasing the DC power output limit of battery itself including DC-DC converter. This study demonstrates the effect of enlarged smoothing capacitor of battery system on suppressing the oscillation of rotational speed of DG when a 100 kW class FMG is disconnected from the utility grid by using a high-speed circuit breaker. The results show that the battery system with the feasibly enlarged capacity of smoothing capacitor can be useful for a high power supply during the transition to isolated operation of FMG.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Next generation fuel cell solutions for telecommunications backup power","authors":"A. K. Trehan, D.B. Canavan","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664028","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, fuel cell systems have transitioned from the prototype and field trials, through multiple field deployments, to product commercialization with volume manufacturing. Improvements in fuel cell technology, combined with advancements in product offerings from system integrators have resulted in significant traction of fuel cell systems in the power backup market. Recent regulatory requirements for extended backup power requirements have also made fuel cells a compelling option for backup power. The paper will address recent advancements in fuel cell technology and highlight the work competed to develop an industry leading solution for Telecommunication end-users in the DC power backup market. The paper will also provide insight into how fuel cell technology can help to address the increasing challenges of the telecommunication industry to meet market challenges. Finally the paper will discuss options for more integrated fuel cell solutions in the future.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123370251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedded software “capsule works” for switching power supply","authors":"Y. Nakamura, Y. Nishikori, H. Matsuo","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664121","url":null,"abstract":"The many geologists have been giving us words of warning that recently the first extraordinary phenomenon of abrupt increase in CO2 has been occurring in the earth history for the latest several hundred millions. This extraordinary phenomenon is one of the most serious problems to be solved by any scientific methods. In the telecommunication fields, the electric energy is processed adequately by the switching power supply, that is employed to get the energy saving. Therefore, the digitally controlled switching power supply is required to achieve the intellectual energy saving systematically. Especially, it is more effective in the distributed power supply because the opportunity of the energy control is enlarged by the embedded software. It is important to realize the compatibility between the high reliability and functional complexity in case of using the embedded software in microcontrollers and digital signal processors(DSPs) That is, even when the function increases, the reliability has to be kept high. However, when the embedded software performs the real-time control of the telecommunication system, the bug of the software causes the serious system trouble. Therefore, it is strongly required that the software bug is removed perfectly. This requirement is achieved by the proposed embedded software, that is, \"capsule works\" The proposed capsule works has the following features; 1) common structure, 2) input, process and output, 3)unity function, 4)small code, 5)periodic repeat operation, 6) freedom of the reaction speed, 7) setting of the process order.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121629175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tool for calculating reliability of power supply for information and communication technology systems","authors":"T. Tsumura, Takashi Takeda, Keiichi Hirose","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664080","url":null,"abstract":"To accurately calculate the reliability (e.g., unavailability) of the power supply for information and communication technology systems, we developed a system, which uses field data on disturbances (such as blackouts and voltage sags) and device failures throughout Japan. I outline the features and usefulness of this tool.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121667144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Business continuity management of NTT FACILITIES, INC.","authors":"S. Iwai, H. Iwamoto, Tsutomu Aizu, Y. Kawagoe","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664067","url":null,"abstract":"NTT FACILITIES, INC. provides integrated services, such as product procurement, design and maintenance of electric power and air conditioning system for NTT telecommunications system. NTT FACILITIES makes every effort to conduct planning, preparation and training, to secure continuous telecommunications services at all times. This article describes the outline of a power system for NTT telecommunications system, the maintenance organization, and actions taken by NTT FACILITIES on the occasion of the 2006 Tokyo-area blackout, the 2007 Chuestu offshore earthquake in Niigata, and the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi inland earthquake from the viewpoint of BCP (Business Continuity Plan).","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130694521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kurokawa, S. Sukita, Y. Shibata, T. Yokoyama, M. Sasaki, Y. Mimura
{"title":"A new digital control DC-DC converter with peak current -injected control","authors":"F. Kurokawa, S. Sukita, Y. Shibata, T. Yokoyama, M. Sasaki, Y. Mimura","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new digital control circuit which is able to detect the peak switch current of the high frequency switching dc-dc converter. In this proposed digital control circuit, the peak current-injected control is realized using the combination of the simple dual pulse width modulation analog-to-digital signal converter and the programmed delay circuit. In 100 kHz digitally controlled dc-dc converter, it is seen in simulation that the proposed method has no overshoot of the output voltage and the convergence time that the output voltage is settled to steady-state is only 30 mus. The difference between the transient time of the proposed circuit and that of the conventional method is an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the ratio of resolution of the DPWM generator against the output voltage is 0.27% and is satisfied to apply the commercial power supply unit.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132645556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"400-Ah lithium-ion cells for telecommunications systems and DC power supply systems","authors":"T. Matsushima, N. Suzuki","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664119","url":null,"abstract":"To expand the application of lithium-ion batteries in back-up power supplies for telecommunications equipment, we manufactured large-capacity 200-Ah and 400-Ah lithium-ion cells and measured their characteristics. We also propose a lithium-ion battery management system that charges cells individually to replace the conventional system in which a cell voltage equalizing circuit is installed in parallel with the cells. We constructed a mock DC power supply system for telecommunications equipment that has a nominal output voltage of -48-V and applied this method to a 12-cell in-series battery pack to measure the power supply system characteristics. Here, we report the basic characteristics of the 200-Ah large-capacity lithium-ion cells and the characteristics of a DC power supply system that uses a battery pack equipped with this management and control system.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116357527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Yu-ping, Ji Shengqin, Zhang Yunhui, Kong Xiaoming, Chen Qiao, F. Cucchietti, G. Griffa
{"title":"Energy saving active cooling systems for outdoor cabinet","authors":"Hong Yu-ping, Ji Shengqin, Zhang Yunhui, Kong Xiaoming, Chen Qiao, F. Cucchietti, G. Griffa","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664063","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the energy-saving strategy is one of the top priorities of Telecom Operators and Governments. In particular, the area of cooling has heavy impact on the total electrical energy consumption, and needs to be optimized to improve overall performances, reducing both CAPEX/OPEX and the environmental impact. In this paper, two innovative cooling solutions for outdoor cabinets are described: free cooling system and manhole cooling system. Free cooling system is a solution directly using external fresh air in order to increase the cooling efficiency of active outdoor cabinet. Three key technologies are developed and used in this system: experimental results indicate that excellent heat dissipation capacity and good corrosion resistance of outdoor cabinet are achieved simultaneously. Manhole cooling system is another innovative solution, in which manhole (part of the underground maintenance infrastructure of TLC operator) is innovatively used as a huge heat sink. The cooling performance of manhole cooling system is predicted through CFD simulations. It has been demonstrated that as much as 60% of the heat load can be dissipated into the ground, still maintaining the equipment well within its operating temperature range. The proposed cooling solutions are particularly interesting for the FTTCab architecture. FTTCab deployment, as foreseen in several NGN strategies, will strongly increase in the next years.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132296773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}