INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference最新文献

{"title":"Fuel cell technology: A promising alternative for extended back-up power run time for telecommunication sites","authors":"R. Szász","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664048","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cell technology is an emerging solution for back-up power to replace or supplement the traditional batteries and/or generators solutions. MTS Allstream is actively researching new technologies that can support the company in improving its performance in achieving its targets without jeopardizing reliability and quality of supply to the customer. The many benefits offered by fuel cell technology prompted MTS Allstream to investigate the feasibility of this technology in the telecommunication environment. This paper provides an industry overview of back-up power solutions and fuel cell technology in terms of its operation, applications and benefits. It provides MTS Allstream perspective to view fuel cell technology as a promising alternative for extended back-up power run time for telecommunication sites. A section of paper is devoted to discuss prototype project criteria and the field trial prototype selected by MTS Allstream. Conclusions of fuel cell system specification verification, efficiency and functionality after (6) months field operation trial will be shared.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129878892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on power line surge protection techniques for telecom munication facilities","authors":"A. Torrelli, S. Pappas","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664099","url":null,"abstract":"The distributed topology of modern telecommunication networks has turned the reliability of their power supply and energy systems into a major design consideration. Energy systems supporting critical telecommunication facilities are exposed to a multitude of power supply abnormalities which are external to the telecommunication network, one of those being power line surges or transient overvoltages. The network reliability which significantly defines the availability of telecommunication services and the quality of service offered to customers, as well as the operational expenses of telecommunication companies, can be significantly impaired if adequate power surge protection techniques have not been deployed. This paper serves a dual purpose: to provide a tutorial review of the power surge protection technology as well as to report on significant operational results obtained over a period of 3 years in the Telecom Italia network in Italy. The first part of the paper reviews the various techniques used for the power surge protection of telecommunication facilities. A brief comparison between the various alternatives is outlined. A detailed update on the recent developments in the international standards (both in Europe as well as in North America) regulating the safe operation as well as the performance of surge protection devices is also presented. The efforts of the international standardization community towards the convergence of the regional standards into a truly international standard are also briefly described. The second and most important part of the paper describes the efforts of Telecom Italia, during the last three years, to optimize the protection of its network facilities. Statistical data collected during this period are presented and analyzed. Various techniques implemented in the field in different types of installations are also detailed and compared. The paper also reports on the significant operational expenditure associated with damages caused by power surges, as well as their impact on the network availability figures. Finally, significant operational expense reductions achieved through the implementation of certain techniques are presented in detail. In summary the paper provides a state of the art review of the field of surge protection as it relates to telecommunication applications and offers significant practical engineering guidelines developed through field implementations at the Telecom Italia network.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131520935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized digital Maximum Power Point Tracker implementation for satellites","authors":"A. Ramamurthy, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664126","url":null,"abstract":"Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT for solar panels is critical for space applications where power saving gets the first priority with the availability of limited resources. Of the available methods for MPPT, the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method is accurate and simple to implement. In the MPPT design choosing the sampling time and duty cycle step size is important which determines its predictable operation during rapidly varying irradiance conditions. The paper talks about the state of the art design of MPPT converters with a digital closed loop control. A modular software programming algorithm was used which supports a ldquoPlug and Playrdquo feature. The detailed implementation of a MPPT converter for 10W solar panel using Texas Instruments TMS320F2808 Digital Signal Controller is shown in this paper.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131581782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk mitigation of lightning incursion into network equipment via PhotoVoltaic systems It’s not easy being “green”","authors":"D. McMenamin, R. Steward","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664035","url":null,"abstract":"Says Kermit the Frog, \"It's not easy being green.\" Becoming \"Green isn't cheap either. Forward-thinking telcos and data centers are considering photovoltaic (P.V.) panels as a way to save energy and exploit the very real public relations kudos to be had building \"Green\" facilities and features into their networks. Until recently P.V. systems were used only for very small installations typically less than a kilowatt. Such installations were used for sites that lacked available commercial power such as emergency roadside phones. Now, large array panels and systems are available with significant power capability and companies are considering placing P.V. systems in parallel with their commercial electric feeds or their d.c. systems. With price tags in the tens of thousands of dollars per kilowatt of capacity, it might take awhile for a facility to realize a significant payback despite grants and financial incentives. Still, that lure of P.R. sees companies considering these relatively large P.V. systems. While it's great to build new systems, it's critical to protect telecommunications central offices, data centers and smaller facilities such as cell or microwave sites from lightning. There are several design considerations that can make the difference between a safe, sound P.V. system or one that is a virtual bayonet in wait of an opportunity to stab your company's network systems squarely in the power bus. Typically, P.V. systems are installed as rooftop installations or in ground arrays mounted to frameworks. Each of these installations bears specific hazards of lightning or induced surge currents that could enter the network via the conduits or conductors that connect the P.V. system into the facility infrastructure. The lightning \"hit\" might be a direct stroke to the site or currents induced from strikes within a mile or more of the facility. A system-level approach to lightning and surge protection is prudent in order to protect the facility from damage. Most electrical engineers and contractors are well trained in ac distribution systems and to a lesser extent, dc systems. Lightning and lightning related surges, however, behave in ways that are very different from dc or low-frequency ac. Therefore, different skill sets and training are needed to approach P.V. systems from a lightning protection and surge suppression point of view. This paper will identify the finer points of bonding grounding (Earthing) and electrical protection as they apply to P.V. systems used in telecom network applications.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130853213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A control strategy to stabilize PWM dc-dc converters with input filters using state-feedback and pole-placement","authors":"M. Iftikhar, E. Godoy, P. Lefranc, D. Sadarnac, C. Karimi","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664089","url":null,"abstract":"LC filters at the input of dc-dc converters can lead to instabilities due to filter interactions with the converter control. Conventional methods to remedy this issue usually employ external resistors to damp filter oscillations. However such dissipative damping of input filter degrades the converter efficiency. In this paper we propose an alternate solution to this problem using a full state-feedback controller combined with a PI-control. This control algorithm assures stability of the system without using any passive components in the filter circuit and thus avoiding any undesirable losses. Moreover it guarantees adequate level of performance using a varying gain state-feedback and pole-placement. Simulation studies are carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested control strategy under large perturbations.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133981394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a flexible and rugged photovoltaic-based power system","authors":"Bin Le, A. Kwasinski","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the operation of a multi-input boost converter powered by photovoltaic modules. Performance of ripple correlation control (RCC) and fuzzy logic control in tracking maximum power point are investigated through simulation. Both single panel operation and dual panel operations are analyzed to prove that they are controlled independently. A simple analog circuit implantation is tested with existing solar panels to verify the effectiveness of control.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134108790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large signal average model for an Extended Duty Ratio and conventional Buck","authors":"B. Oraw, R. Ayyanar","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a new large signal modeling approach for Buck type DCDC converters. Small signal models are typically only valid for small deviations in the duty ratio. Such models fail to capture large signal dynamics of the duty ratio if lossy switches are considered. The proposed model tracks large signal dynamics and also accurately captures the conduction losses from the on-state resistance of switches. The modeling approach is applied to a conventional Buck converter as well as the 2-phase Extended Duty Ratio Buck converter. The model is also generalized to accommodate the M-phase configurations of the Extended Duty Ratio topology.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130601162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient low voltage direct AC/DC converters for self-powered wireless sensor nodes and mobile electronics","authors":"S. Dwari, L. Parsa","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664097","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional power electronics converters used in the microgenerator based energy harvesting applications have two stages: a diode bridge rectifier and a DC-DC converter. However, in the case of electromagnetic microgenerators, the diode bridge rectification is not normally feasible due to the extreme low output voltage of the microgenerators. Even if possible, the losses in the diode bridge rectifier make the conventional power electronic interfaces very inefficient. In this paper two direct ac-to-dc power electronics converter topologies are proposed for efficient and maximum energy harvesting from low voltage microgenerators. The proposed single stage converters directly boost the microgenerator low ac voltage to usable higher dc voltage, and hence, achieve higher efficiency. The single stage ac-to-dc power conversion is achieved by utilizing the bidirectional conduction capability of MOSFETs. Furthermore, with the proposed converters, the maximum energy harvesting can be successfully realized by controlling the effective load resistance offered to the microgenerators. The conventional power converters are not conducive for implementation of such control. Simulation and experimental results are presented for verification of the proposed converters.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131415092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-size boost type DC-DC converter with the tiny embedded inductor","authors":"M. Yamadaya, M. Owa, H. Matsuo","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664096","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a small-size boost type DC-DC converter module with the tiny embedded inductor. The proposed converter module is composed with a boost converter controller IC chip with built-in switching devices and an inductor in one package, and it needs only two capacitors as external parts. Therefore it achieved the same usability as a series regulator of buck converter. The proposed boost type DC-DC converter is composed in 2.4 mm(typ.) by 2.4 mm(typ.) by 0.9 mm(max.) size 8 pin SON (small outline non-lead) package. The power supply voltage of the proposed boost type DC-DC converter is determined from applications of single lithium-ion cell inputs such as cellular phones. The proposed proto type DC-DC converter achieves high efficiency up to 93%.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117231062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power quality measurements in telecommunication exchanges","authors":"M. Caciotta, F. Leccese, M. Grossoni","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664078","url":null,"abstract":"This work shows an example of power quality (PQ) data of four important telecommunication sites placed in Rome, Italy. The data are collected, elaborated and analyzed by four self made instruments developed for this purpose and inserted in four automatic telecommunication exchanges kindly at our disposal by TELECOM, the most important Italian telecommunication company. The analysis shows the active and reactive power consumption and, for one site, the harmonic distortion.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123406303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}