INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference最新文献

{"title":"Smart operation of a mobile network in event of disaster","authors":"R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664066","url":null,"abstract":"In the event of a natural disaster, mobile networks are expected to provide an added value to search and rescue operations. However, these networks and their services are not optimized with the requirements for this support in mind. A critical aspect is the need for several hours of backup power availability, something not usually required during AC grid outages resulting from other technical reasons. The availability of the maximum possible number of parallel emergency and voice calls during a disaster is ensured when the Operation & Maintenance Center reconfigures the network in accordance with a pre-defined emergency plan via a smart SW package. This also guarantees minimized power consumption by the basestations. The nature of the actual threat determines how the network has to be configured. Features such as prioritization of services and shut-down of hardware resources are part of this SW package and run automatically according to the pre-defined boundary conditions. The adaptation of HW-resources to the traffic situation can reduce the required battery backup capacity up to 30% in comparison to normal operation and for a given time period which has to be bridged. In combination with new battery technologies like Li-Polymer, which promise high energy densities, smaller and lighter battery backup devices can be realized in the future. Higher integration of digital components and advancements in power amplifier technology will yield a further reduction in basestation power consumption by up to 40% in the next two to three years, more or less independently of the mobile communication standard. Therefore, for low capacity basestations in rural areas, a battery capacity below 5 kWh (105 Ah @ -48 V DC) will be sufficient for eight hours of backup operation. For these applications, it will be feasible from a volume and cost point of view to omit combustion generation sets as emergency power sources.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116605212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis of cascaded converters for bidirectional power flow applications","authors":"H. Krishnamurthy, R. Ayyanar","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes the criteria to ensure stable operation of two-stage, bidirectional, isolated AC-DC converters. The bi-directional converter is analyzed in the context of a building block module (BBM) that enables a fully modular architecture for universal power flow conversion applications (AC-DC, DC-AC and DC-DC). The BBM consists of independently controlled AC-DC and isolated DC-DC converters that are cascaded for bidirectional power flow applications. The cascaded converters have different control objectives in different directions of power flow. This paper discusses methods to obtain the appropriate input and output impedances that determine stability in the context of bi-directional AC-DC power conversion. Design procedures to ensure stable operation with minimal interaction between the cascaded stages are presented. The analysis and design methods are validated through extensive simulation and hardware results.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121321945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-linear multi-mode control method to improve the transient performance of voltage regulators","authors":"S. Pan, P. Jain","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664087","url":null,"abstract":"Digital adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) techniques with fast transient response for voltage regulator modules (VRMs) are proposed in this paper. An AVP control unit is used to achieve AVP, by generating dynamic voltage reference and dynamic current reference. Two digital-to-analog converters therefore can be used instead of analog-to-digital converters to reduce system complexity. A straightforward control law is implemented and no compensator is involved in the control loop, which greatly reduces the computation delay. And non-linear control, which reduces the transient-assertion-to-action delay and maximizes the inductor current slew rate, is used to improve the transient performance. Steady state analysis was performed to demonstrate the digital controller operation. At last, a two-phase 12 V-to-1 V/40 A 250 KHz synchronous buck converter with the proposed digital controller was designed to verify the theoretical analysis by simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-signal averaged model and carrier-based linear control of a SEPIC-type Power Factor Correction circuit","authors":"H. Kanaan, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664034","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the small-signal averaged model of a DC-to-DC single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC), used in single-phase power factor correction (PFC) applications, is derived. Compared to conventional buck or boost converters, this topology allows a low current ripple at the input for a relatively low level of the DC-bus voltage. Based on the proposed model, a carrier-based Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) linear control system is developed in order to ensure a unity power factor at the rectifier AC-side and a regulated voltage across the DC load. Both current and voltage regulators are PI-type. The performance of the proposed control scheme is tested through simulations. The system performance is evaluated in terms of source current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), input power factor and DC-voltage regulation.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site Power Saving","authors":"F. Pizzuti, G. Rega, M. Grossoni","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664024","url":null,"abstract":"The solution site power saving, adopted in Telecom Italia by using Ericsson Technology, addresses the Company need of power consumption management optimization on BTS sites.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129795718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permanent load shifting and UPS functionality at a Telecommunications site using the VRB-ESS™ -a case study","authors":"J. Davis","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664084","url":null,"abstract":"Telecommunication facilities of all types from small cellular radio sites to microwave repeaters and larger point-of-presence (POP) and switching hubs, all require uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to ride through short duration interruptions. This function is supplemented by back up diesel generators for support in the event of long term outages. Conventionally the UPS functionality has been provided through the use of lead acid batteries. In many off grid or weak grid installations, diesel generation is often the only source of power, sometimes supplemented by photovoltaic power or even wind turbines. A novel concept which is being implemented at a POP facility in California at one of the USApsilas largest cellular radio network providers is to use the battery storage to provide both the basic UPS ride through function as well as to peak shave demand on a permanent basis. The system will be rated 20 kW with 9 hours of storage, 6 for permanent load reduction and 3 hours for UPS functionality. This is only possible with storage systems that can be deep cycled thousands of times without significant degradation and also where it is possible to independently tailor the storage duration to match the electricity tariff structure. The project will be discussed showing the use of a VRB flow battery and the potential economic savings for different tariffs that may result for a range of battery efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121951408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of single frequency Z measurement for standby battery state of health determination","authors":"M. Kiel, D. Sauer, P. Turpin, M. Naveed, E. Favre","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664020","url":null,"abstract":"Impedance has been discussed for a long time as an indicator for the state of health (SOH) of lead-acid batteries for standby applications such as UPS systems. The research contains the analysis of the relation between capacity and impedance measurement at different frequencies. Several batteries of different manufacturers and capacity were aged systematically and the impedance measurements were done under similar conditions as in real UPS systems. Impedance measurements with the low cost device and full scale laboratory equipment and capacity tests have been performed periodically.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123432932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a fuel cell based backup system for telecoms applications","authors":"B. Bidoggia, G. Spiazzi, S. Buso, T. Lequeu, L. Ventura","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664030","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this project is to develop a modular 5.5 kW backup system for telecoms stations based on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Here, we will focus on the sizing procedure both of the fuel cell and of the DC/DC converter, whose topology is determined by the choice of the fuel cell stack. In our case this is an interleaved boost converter always working in the discontinous conduction mode. We will present a Simulink dynamic model we developed that integrates the fuel cell and the boost converter models, and their controller. The simulations show the system is capable of supplying the maximum power, and to regulate the output voltage with a good dynamic response in the whole 42-60 V range.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131455740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where we are with Energy Efficiency in telecom equipment in North America INTELEC 2008 - San Diego, CA","authors":"M. Elkenaney, B. Kujan","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664036","url":null,"abstract":"Doing business in the United States today means focusing on creating a greener, more energy efficient product. Though industry in general - globally and domestically - has been aware of the need for more eco-friendly products for a while now, it is really only in the last three years that major American corporations have truly begun to focus on the need to be green. Here in the telecommunications industry, we have grown increasingly concerned about the carbon footprints left by our products. And while this concern exists for a variety of reasons - including economic incentives as well as eco-sustainability - nowhere is it more obvious than in a report done by The Climate Group for Global e-sustainability Initiative (Gesi) regarding the effects of the telecommunication and aviation industries on the world around us. While most Americans are more than cognizant of the pollution and carbon footprints left each time they hop aboard an airplane, few ever think of the amount of energy expanded by the telecommunication equipment they use on a daily basis.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"81 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132478782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical modeling of SoH of an automotive battery for online indication","authors":"N. Khare, S. Chandra, R. Govil","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664086","url":null,"abstract":"Battery health is always a challenge for heavy mobile or any portable system, as it is one of the prime factors affecting the system reliability. An indication of remaining battery life facilitates timely action taken proactively in alarming conditions, reducing the risk of running into a disaster. State of health (SoH) of battery is defined as remaining life of the battery to support load in question. Normally, the SoH of a battery is modeled as Ampere- hour (Ah) capacity with the age of the battery where terminal voltage is the only observable parameter employed in the model. This dose not provides an overall behavior model and not at all advisable to rely on in case of critical applications. In the present paper we propose a statistical modeling technique which uses stepwise regression on discharge profile of automotive battery to model SoH of the battery as a function of ageing and on- time (run- time) consumption. Ageing can be inferred from battery parameters such as Internal Resistance (IR), Terminal Voltage (OCV) and Specific Gravity (SG). These parameters are not independent and have problem of autocorrelation. An attempt has been made to develop a model free from the problem of autocorrelation and which provides a clue to the relative importance of each of the parameters in modeling the behavior of dependent variables. The objective of the study is to develop an online device to indicate the SoH of an automotive battery with the use of optimum observation needs.Run-time consumption can be seen from the discharged ampere-hour (A-h) capacity and ageing can be inferred from various slopes of battery parameters such as internal resistance, terminal voltage and specific gravity. The regression model when employed on discharge profile of automobile battery indicates correlation between these battery parameters (variables). The paper covers stepwise regression, effect of interaction between dependent variables on the model and autocorrelation effect on the model of SoH of a battery. This work is an attempt to design & develop an online device to indicate SoH of battery which can be put on the panel of an automobile to enable to actuate a preventive action.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132598769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}