INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference最新文献

{"title":"PEM fuel cells versus diesel generators — which solution to pick?","authors":"J.P. Gagge","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664062","url":null,"abstract":"Hurricane Katrina and the pursuant ruling by the FCC has caused many Telecom operators to review and find solutions to provide extended runtime in critical areas of their network. In the past, lead acid batteries have dominated the backup power market for these sites and the power grid quality was considered robust. Katrina forced operators to look past this and it revealed that lead acid batteries typically only provide up to eight hours of backup for a site. For those sites where operators require extended runtime, a diesel generator was typically the only option. This paper will provide an overview of not only the diesel solution but also for a new solution that utilizes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and premium lead acid batteries to provide extended runtime at the site using a 5 kW base station plant, we will examine the architecture and design solutions that will give operators well over 48 hours of backup and in some cases over 160 hours. The PEMFC solution can utilize advanced lead acid front terminal batteries to ease maintenance as well as a robust and cost effective PEMFC engine. Critical areas for the mainstream success of fuel cells include total solution costs, reliability, fuel supply, maintenance and hydrogen storage. The comparative diesel will be the embedded 30 kW solution that is normally found in sites throughout these applications. Issues associated with generator operation include noise, emissions, permitting, fuel supply and maintenance costs will all be examined. The goal will be to show a total cost of ownership for both solutions and educate operators about new approaches for their extended runtime requirements.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117138522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design criteria of a multi-oscillated current resonant type DC-DC converter","authors":"N. Higashi, R. Araki, T. Sato, H. Ota, Y. Ishizuka, H. Matsuo","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design criteria of a multi-oscillated resonant type DC-DC converter. The current resonant type converter generally employs pulse frequency modulation for control. For this reason, the magnetizing current through the converter not only causes a power loss under a light load, but also a loss during stand-by. In order to solve these problems, a multi-oscillated current resonant type DC-DC converter has been proposed, and revealed the advantage of its control method which can reduce power loss under light load and keep low noise. In this paper, some analyses of the multi-oscillated current resonant type DC-DC converter and some load characteristics are compared and confirmed with calculations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117297684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD thermal analysis for CO of TI lab","authors":"Han Dong, H. Qian, Hong Yu-ping, Kong Xiaoming, Luo Zhaoxia, Tan Wenfei, Hu Wenxiong, G. Rossi, A. Arena, V. Bernardini, P. Salamandra, D. Suino","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664064","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing power dissipation of information and telecommunication equipments, more concerns should be put on the cooling issues due to the reliability and OPEX requirements. This paper describes a fast optimizing cooling solution for the existing CO/ DC. As an important analysis approach, CFD simulation aims to improve the heat dissipation condition and the energy saving. With the application of CFD, lots of benefits from the fast optimization analysis can be obtained. In the paper, the local hot spots are firstly found out and solutions for these hot spots are proposed to keep the equipment operating in a proper environment and to guarantee the operation reliability. Then the layout of CO/DC is optimized to enhance the efficiency of the cooling system. Following the CFD analysis, several optimized solutions are presented. With the comparison of the results of different solutions in the experiment, the best one can be identified to be applied in a similar practical situation.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"692 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123963116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The research on the digital controlled effect of performance on the PWM inverter","authors":"Hongtao Shan, Y. Kang, Xuejuan Kong, Zhao Liu, M. Yu, Hongbo Li, F. Luo, Liming Liu","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664127","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional PID control strategy which is realized in digital method canpsilat achieve better performance than that in analog control. The reason was analyzed why the digital process influences the digital controlled PWM inverterpsilas performance in this paper. One is the process of the zero-order hold. Another one is one-step-delay control which is usually adopted in digital control. Three aspects were analyzed in which influence the digital controlled PWM inverterpsilas performance: (1) how the process of zero-order-hold effects the open-loop frequency property of the digital controlled inverter system (2) how the process of zero-order-hold effects the systempsilas stability (3) how the one-step-delay control effects the systempsilas stability. On the base of setting up discrete mathematical model of the digital controlled inverter system, theory deduction and simulations were done in the condition of P regulator Relevant experiments verify the rightness of the analysis and direction for the design of the digital controlled PWM inverter were given. Finally relevant experiments verify the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of development of integrated monitoring system of power supply and air conditioning equipment towards technical environment equipment monitoring system of the operator","authors":"P. Paschke, M. Plonczak, P. Kliś, M. Grunt","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664058","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents integrated monitoring system of power supply and air conditioning equipment for almost 10000 sites, which has been put into operation in one of the biggest telecom operators in Europe. This operator offers clients fixed and mobile network services as well as the ones based on broadband access to the internet (VoIP, IPTV, VoD). The paper describes the way, in which the operator has integrated the monitoring system of the technologies mentioned with power supply and air conditioning monitoring system, which at the same time resulted in essential benefits of this integration. The system, based on client-server architecture, transmits data to main or dedicated monitoring centers. The system server cooperates with dedicated microprocessor site controllers or with technological controllers of monitored equipment. The integration of this system with other, already existing ones is also in progress. The paper also presents the way of infrastructure monitoring concerning operator's mobile network BTS, due to features of the dedicated, external controller designed specially for this purpose. The communication with the monitoring system, as well as monitoring of all technical infrastructure equipment on site (power system, HVAC, security and access control system, fire alarm system) is possible by means of one controller. Implementing the system into service has enabled the creation of the open platform for the whole infrastructure integration in one monitoring system. The further part of the paper presents the possibilities of electric energy meters remote readout by means of the system. This will enable the operator to be prepared for new EU regulations which apply to free market electric energy dynamic purchase as well as enable online electric energy consumption measurements with smaller service providers, which at the same time use the operator's infrastructure, often with distributed architecture. The possibility of the system in legacy (copper wire) network protection was also presented. Destructions and robberies of this network cause big losses, which results in the lack of providing services to clients. This paper is the continuation of the one entitled \"Integrated Management System for Technical Infrastructure of Telecom Sites\" presented during Intelec 2007 conference in Rome.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"43 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120967919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telecom power system design for reliability compliance","authors":"B. Serban","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664053","url":null,"abstract":"Power systems for telecommunications are designed to work safely and with a high level of reliability in environmental conditions of vibrations, earthquake, temperature and high altitude and humidity. They are also designed to sustain shock during handling and transportation. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the power system mechanical design for reliability compliance to seismic and drop test requirements. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the earthquake and drop tests simulate the NEBS GR 063 test conditions and verifies the test requirements. The paper discusses the rationale for computational simulations and describes in detail the FEA simulation approaches. A case study of a power system illustrates the best practice for FEA modeling to obtain accurate prediction of the mechanical response. The simulation results are discussed and compared with the test results. To reduce the risk of having the design invalidated by NEBS tests, the paper emphasize the need to qualify the FEA model before the prototype is tested. At this stage of product development, any test failure delays the product lunch and increases the design cost.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126930104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering the fiber information network","authors":"D. Michlovic","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664082","url":null,"abstract":"The future of voice, data and video transmission is fiber, but electronics will still be required to translate sounds and images into pulses of light for transmission and back again to electronics for hearing and viewing. And electronics require sources of DC power.The question facing telcos today is \"Who will provide this power, and where will it be located?\" Traditionally, the telco has maintained an \"active\" copper network, providing 48V DC power with battery backup to energize copper transmission lines in the Central Office (CO) and at other points along the network to overcome resistance in the copper. Pulses of light carried by fiber optic cables do not require power to overcome resistance.The ultimate long-term goal is to abandon the copper in the ground and replace it with fiber. However, since fiber does not yet reach all the way to most subscribers, at some point, conversion is required from optical to electronic so that it can be carried \"the final mile\" on existing copper.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126566536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Green revolution in DC power systems","authors":"G. Fasullo, M. Kania, A. Pitts","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664026","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of higher efficiency are clearly evident, both in reducing energy costs and increasing load capacity when limited by thermal constraints. There is also the impact on the global environment and reduction in growth rate of energy. HE technologies, if broadly adopted could have a substantial impact. If was assume that the average savings to a carrier is 5% across their network and that their network averages 60% of their energy consumption, that carrier would save 3% of their power consumption by adopting HE technologies. For a carrier spending $1B per year on electricity that would save over $30M (at $0.10 per kWh). The global savings are even more impressive. With global energy usage by the telecom industry at over 160 Billion kWh each year, a 3% reduction would save nearly 5 Billion kWh of electricity each year and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by nearly 4 Million tons. With a global electrical cost averaging over $0.15 per kWh this results in an annual operating expense savings of over $700 Million. A significant impact on both economic performance and environmental impact. One of the unusual aspects of HE technologies is that there is such a strong link between economic and environmental benefits, one of the missing elements in most 'green' technologies. Rather than make economic justification for the additional investment, the carriers can now make a decision which is mutually attractive. For new deployments this is an easy decision. HE technologies offer rapid payback of investment and substantial savings over the life of the network. For existing systems there is also a choice that has a rapid payback and will mitigate performance issues while providing lasting economic benefit.We believe that HE technologies are the beginning of a new thought process for the telecom industry: Leveraging the DC Power System for environmental and economic benefit.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121433979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of compressed air energy storage technology for electricity utility standby power applications","authors":"J. Beukes, T. Jacobs, J. Derby, R. Conlon, I. Henshaw","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a compressed air system as alternative to battery energy storage systems for utility standby power applications. The paper starts with a technology overview and then compares the technologies in terms of technical and financial criteria. It then covers the first field trial site installation.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128441586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated current doubler with multiple levels of ripple cancellation","authors":"M. E. Jacobs","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664107","url":null,"abstract":"A new ripple-cancellation structure for a switch-mode power converter using a current doubler is described. Three refinements of an isolated current-doubler rectifier topology produce a very low level of output ripple without compromising power conversion efficiency. One refinement selects the turns ratio of the current doubler magnetics as a function of the nominal switching duty cycle to eliminate output current discontinuities. A second selects the magnetizing inductances to produce matched magnetizing current slopes, which produces a ldquoflatrdquo output current pulse. A third utilizes ldquocancellationrdquo of residual output ripple current by injecting a mirror image of the residual ripple current into the output capacitor based on a voltage difference between windings of the magnetics. With these multiple levels of ripple cancellation, a very low level of output ripple is produced without compromising power conversion efficiency.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"18 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115505476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}