INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference最新文献

{"title":"Recovering lost capacity in 2 volt VRLA cells by way of the IOVR™ process and the duration of that recovered capacity","authors":"P. J. DeMar","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will trace the previous 13 year history of the varying attempts to perform field recovery on 2 volt VRLA cells that are suffering from PCL (premature capacity loss). It is well understood that GNB was the first manufacturer in the USA to bring a large capacity VRLA AGM cell into the US market with their Absolyte I product, which immediately gained acceptance and substantial market share, and was obviously followed by the other US manufacturers into the market place with their own VRLA products. Also as everyone here understands there have been numerous papers at this and at other conferences that at least since 1985 have documented the ldquoearly failuresrdquo with these cells from all over the world.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Si-MESFET technologies for low drop out regulators","authors":"S. Wood, W. Lepkowski, S. Wilk, T. Thornton","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664094","url":null,"abstract":"Power conditioning circuits based on high breakdown voltage silicon MESFETs are being developed as an alternative to existing approaches that use CMOS or bipolar transistors. Results are presented from simulations of a low drop out (LDO) regulator as an example of the Si-MESFET technology. The LDO regulator exploits the depletion mode behavior of an n-channel MESFET to achieve low drop out voltages with impressive power supply rejection. The high voltage compliance of the Si-MESFETs (5-50V) make them ideally suited for a wide range of commercial and defense related LDO regulator applications.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116536975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-resolution simulation of PWM Dc-Dc converters","authors":"A. Davoudi, P. Chapman, J. Jatskevich","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664044","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-resolution simulation offers rapid simulation of power electronics converters from very general to very detailed consideration. An approach for multi-rate simulation of switched linear system is considered here. A detailed full-order model of the converter is built that appropriately includes the system parasitic, switching nonlinearity, and switching event detection. Numerically-rigorous order-reduction techniques are then used to extract a lower-order model for the desired simulation resolution. The simulation resolution can be adjusted on the user discretion, even during simulation run. The state continuity across different resolutions and switching events is ensured using appropriate similarity transforms. This methodology can also be used for accelerated steady-state solution of fast state variables. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a boost converter in frequency- and time-domains.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116593560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy logic: A road map to reducing energy consumption in telecom munications networks","authors":"Steve N. Roy","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664025","url":null,"abstract":"A non consideration just a couple of years ago, energy efficiency is quickly becoming the most important issue in every industry today. In the Datacom world, vendors are tackling this question from a holistic perspective, clearly showing that the consumption in data centers can be reduced by more than half. In the Telecom world however, most vendors have limited the discussion to the energy efficiency of their individual products. As such, the total impact of deploying higher efficiency rectifiers or cooling units remains quite small on a total site level. This clearly can blindside service provider employees into over looking the real opportunities and into investing poorly. For this reason, Emerson Network Power has launched Energy LogicTM, a holistic approach which looks at Data Centers and Telecom sites and provides a complete roadmap of recommendations and quantifies their savings. This provides complete awareness of the energy savings opportunities and helps take steps in the right sequence and full understanding of the real savings potential.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling system of outdoor cabinet using underground heat pipe","authors":"Hong Yu-ping, Ji Shengqin, Zhai Liqian, Chen Qiao, C. Bianco","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664056","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the energy-saving strategy is one of the top priorities of Telecom Operators and Governments. In particular, the area of cooling has a heavy impact on the total electrical energy consumption, and needs to be optimized in order to increase overall performances, reducing both CAPEX/OPEX and the environmental impact. The present paper describes a new cooling solution for FTTC outdoor cabinets (where a significantly high amount of heat needs to be dissipated). This solution is based on geothermal cooling technique, that takes advantage of the ground heat (in this case ldquocoldrdquo) source, which is always available and has an enormous potential. The geothermal cooling unit has been used in conjunction with forced air circulation within a sealed cabinet. The cabinet prototype is designed with an independent and integrated ventilation system which ensures that the thermal load generated within the cabinet itself is dissipated into soil and atmosphere. The aluminum-ammonia heat pipe technology is applied to this geotherm cooling unit. Experimental tests were carried out in real outfield. The cabinet was submitted to solar radiation and real ambient conditions. To carry out the analysis, a data acquisition system was set in the testing environment during a period of more than 3 months, over 40 measurement points were set to monitor temperatures, operating parameters and working loads. The experimental results show that, for a prototype cabinet with 700 W heat load, this innovative solution cool the cabinet with COP value at about 110 for normal ambient condition of 30degC, which is comparatively higher than traditional air heat-exchanger solution (normally at 10-15). Moreover, the acoustic noise level is seriously reduced. The air flows through an independent underground ventilation system, and the air's temperature within the sealed cabinet can be reduced of about 5degC. The test data show that more than half of total consumption is dissipated into underground soil. Then, on a long-run perspective, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the described solution allow deep reduction of operational costs, with positive environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114036406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis and evaluation for the leakage inductance effects of two front-end Dc/Dc converters with capacitive output filter","authors":"Chen Zhao, Xinke Wu, Z. Qian","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664022","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, with the rapid development of the consumer electronics, the power density of the power supply adapter is going to be much higher. To reduce the voltage stress on secondary-side rectifiers and the secondary-side conduction loss, the capacitive output filter is widely used, in the half-bridge LLC resonant converter and in the soft-switched phase-shift full-bridge converter with primary-side energy storage inductor for instance. However, compared with the inductance output filter, the capacitive output filter usually leads to relative large output current ripple, which makes the secondary-side leakage inductance of transformer suffer from the considerable volt-second balance. Thus, the practical voltage stress on the secondary-side rectifier should be considered more carefully. This paper shows the detailed analysis and evaluation for the leakage inductance effects of two front-end Dc/Dc converters with capacitive output filters. Some design considerations are also given for the engineers.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113967493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don’t blame it on Arrhenius","authors":"G. Karlsson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664069","url":null,"abstract":"It came to my mind that a poorly known fact to most specialists and scientists is that the man behind the Arrhenius equation was of Swedish nationality and that this Arrhenius equation was only one minor accomplishment in his life.If you search the Intelec database you will find many references to the Arrhenius equation - It is the single tool used today to translate testing data at one temperature to another temperature.. The equation is used to predict life at real conditions where temperatures might vary and seldom are constant and at the reference temperature for which the design life is specified. Alternatively the equation is used to find out life properties of new designs and new design elements that have been tested at elevated temperatures.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131501817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and design of a pulse phase modulated resonant inverter system","authors":"Z. Ye, Zhixiang Liang","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664031","url":null,"abstract":"Resonant converters have been widely used in consumer electronics, telecom power supplies, and electronic ballasts. Compared with the PWM converters, it has many advantages, such as low EMI, low switching loss, and high power density. Depending on applications requirements, the resonant converters use various modulation schemes including asymmetrical pulse width modulation, frequency modulation, and phase shift modulation. The resonant tank can be of various topologies including the commonly used ones such as parallel resonant tank, series resonant tank, LCC, LLC and LC-LC resonant tanks. The circuit modeling and analysis are complicated because the state variables like inductor currents and capacitor voltages are AC dominant. The phasor dynamic modeling method maps the periodical time-varying state variables into stationary frame for each harmonics of interest. Correspondingly, the circuit is decomposed into two DC sub-circuits, the state variables of which are the time-varying Fourier coefficients of the original AC variables. Small signal model can be derived by applying small perturbation and linearization to the Fourier Coefficients. A general phasor dynamic model is presented for the resonant inverters. Such a model closely relates to the power converter topology in time domain, and therefore keeps the physical meaning of the state variables. This model can be easily extended to more complicated resonant topologies, and to include more parasitical components for higher accuracy of modeling. The model can be applied to a number of modulations as well with minor modifications. It can be used for fast simulation, circuit analysis and controller design. A resonant inverter system with 5 energy storage elements are modeled and compared with switch simulation for both steady state and transients. The simulation results match the switch simulation in both steady state and transients, but takes much less time.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132540813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring advanced ni-CD technology for a high energy, sustainable battery solution for outdoor telecom cabinets","authors":"S. Lansburg, J.-M. Dauchier, T. Kitch, J. Brunarie, M. Lippert","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664041","url":null,"abstract":"Consider the OSP cabinet of today; its size is shrinking and its power consumption is increasing. Combined with shifting standards, post Katrina, and a growing concern of telecom OEMpsilas and Operators for the sustainability of their Telecom installations, battery technologies must evolve to meet these challenges. Over the last 10 years, Ni-Cd batteries have made their way into OSP cabinets where reliability, long life and reduced operating costs are the main considerations. While keeping the robust characteristics of this legacy Ni-Cd and combining this with the state of the art technology, the Ni-Cd battery can keep up with the changing needs of OSP cabinet. While the new battery maintains the flooded design principle, its energy density was significantly increased and water consumption was reduced allowing maintenance-free operation over its life. It fits most OSP cabinet designs and can provide 40% to 80% more capacity in the same volume when compared with the legacy Ni-Cd batteries. Design verification testing confirms that its performance meets and sometimes exceeds expectations. Sustainability is an important aspect for any new battery development. A life-cycle environmental assessment is discussed, covering not only raw materials and their recovery but also the impact of typical OSP operating conditions. This paper will introduce and discuss the Ni-Cd design evolution, performance testing results and developments toward sustainable design of a new state of the art Ni-Cd battery and how it meets the challenge of the OSP cabinet of today.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133039372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel cell solutions for FCC-compliant backup power at cellular sites","authors":"D. R. Pauluzzi","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2008.4664061","url":null,"abstract":"New regulations mandated by the FCC would require telecommunications operators to assure a minimum backup power capacity at every site to improve availability of communications networks, especially during emergency situations. This paper explores the implications of the new Katrina panel order and its associated backup power rule within the context of mobile telecommunications infrastructure. Operators can choose among a variety of technologies to implement the required backup capacity at cellular base station sites. Fuel cell generators can help overcome some of the challenges to meet compliance with the new FCC rule.","PeriodicalId":431368,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133073870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}