Linguistic Research最新文献

{"title":"Sweetness or Mouthfeel: A corpus-based study of the conceptualization of taste","authors":"Yingru Zhong, Chu-Ren Huang","doi":"10.17250/KHISLI.37.3.202012.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/KHISLI.37.3.202012.001","url":null,"abstract":"Zhong, Yin and Chu-Ren Huang. 2020. Sweetness or Mouthfeel: A corpus-based study of the conceptualization of taste. Linguistic Research 37(3): 359-387. The sensory lexicon plays a pivotal role in bridging our cognitive system to the physical world. In this role, it has been the focus of recent interdisciplinary investigations on cognition, language, culture, and their interactions. Recent studies on linguistic synesthesia and sensory modality exclusivity showed unequivocally that cross-modality usages of sensory words are the norm rather than the exception. Given the dominance of cross-modality uses, the null hypothesis that the five senses are separate but equal modules merits a closer examination. In this paper, we focus on the gustatory quality of sweetness because of its universal appeal as well as the well-attested cultural influence on the gustatory lexicon. Based on an analysis of online food reviews containing descriptions of desserts, we show that mouthfeel, a multisensory concept, is strongly preferred over sweetness. Mouthfeel is associated with words from all the sensory domains, including both sensory and abstract (e.g., mental state) concepts. The highly non-exclusive characteristic of gustatory sensation suggests that it might be the most connected sensory modality, and the cross-modality expressions indicating personal preferences further imply the subjective propensity of the gustatory sense. Our study adds to the existing literature the interrelationship among sensory modalities through language use, and further sheds light on the interactions between language, cognition, and culture. (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"359-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67456414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A constructional account of English small and nonfinite clauses","authors":"Kim Jong-bok, R. Chaves","doi":"10.17250/KHISLI.37.3.202012.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/KHISLI.37.3.202012.002","url":null,"abstract":"Kim, Jong-Bok and Rui P. Chaves. 2020. A constructional account of English small and nonfinite clauses. Linguistic Research 37(3): 389-438. The proper treatment of so-called Small Clauses (SC) including nonfinite clauses has been rather controversial in theories of English grammar. There are arguments for – as well as arguments against – the postulation of SCs, and multiple analytical alternatives thereof. Drawing from Pollard and Sag (1994) and Culicover and Jackendoff (2005), we argue that only a small set of English verbs allow SC complements, and that there is a large family of constructions where [NP Predicate] sequences form a constituent. We depart from the latter, however, in including in this set of constructions gerundive phrases, absolute constructions, and – most notably – subject-auxiliary inversion constructions and SCs. We formalize a general account of these families of constructions in HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar). (Kyung Hee University ∙ University at Buffalo)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"389-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67456445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three ways to see in Korean: Sentence final endings, clause structure, and the subjunctive circumstantial evidence construction","authors":"Duk‐Ho An","doi":"10.17250/KHISLI.37.3.202012.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/KHISLI.37.3.202012.004","url":null,"abstract":"An, Duk-Ho. 2020. Three ways to see in Korean: Sentence final endings, clause structure, and the subjunctive circumstantial evidence construction. Linguistic Research 37(3): 477-498. This paper deals with the nature of the lexical item po-ta in Korean. Interestingly, the verb stem po can be used in three different ways: it can be used as a lexical verb meaning ‘to see’; it can be used as an auxiliary whose meaning is similar to ‘to try’; it also has a third use, which expresses the speaker’s uncertainty or conjecture about the truth of the proposition. The gist of the proposal is that in the third construction, which is dubbed the Subjunctive Circumstantial Evidence (SCE) construction, the ending –na, attached to the stem of the main verb, is a subjunctive mood marker, indicating the speaker’s uncertainty, while po is grammaticalized as a kind of evidentiality marker, indicating the speaker’s bias toward the truth of the proposition despite the uncertainty. Based on this, the goal of this paper is to argue that the three different uses of po provide a window into clause structure—especially, the architecture of the right periphery in Korean. The discussion also has implications for the status of sentence final endings in the language. The current analysis is in line with the widely adopted view that there are fine-grained layers of functional projections in the traditional CP domain (Cinque 1999, 2006; Rizzi 1997, among many others). (Konkuk University)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"477-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67456707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why-stripping in English: A corpus-based perspective","authors":"Kim Jong-bok, Abeillé","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.002","url":null,"abstract":"Why-stripping in English, a type of elliptical constructions, consists of the expression why and a focus bearing remnant (e.g., Why me?). The construction shares certain properties with related constructions such as Sluicing and Stripping but at the same time has its own independent peculiarities. This paper first reviews some key properties of the construction and investigates its uses with attested corpus data. In accounting for how unexpressed expressions in such an elliptical construction can be resolved, there have been two competing trends, movement-and-deletion and direct interpretation (DI) approaches. The former postulates unpronounced syntactic representations at the ellipsis site while the latter consults the semantic/discourse information present in the antecedent. A variety of the corpus data we have identified as Why-stripping challenge the movement-and-deletion approach that heavily depends upon the syntactic information in the antecedent in order to resolve the elided parts. The paper briefly sketches how the attested data can be accounted for within a DI approach. (Kyung Hee University · Universite de Paris)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"365-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ways of solving (counter-)cyclic A-movement in phase theory","authors":"Manabu Mizuguchi","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"325-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67455800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A corpus-based analysis of synesthetic metaphors in Korean","authors":"Jo Charm Hun","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"459-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48308173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversational implicature comprehension strategies used by English learners in Indonesia","authors":"Hendi Pratama, F. Rokhman, S. Urip","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.004","url":null,"abstract":"Pratama, Hendi, Fathur Rokhman, and Sri Rejeki Urip. 2019. Conversational implicature comprehension strategies used by English learners in Indonesia. Linguistic Research 36(3), 415-458. Comprehension of conversational implicature is relatively easy for native speakers. However, the same degree of ease does not apply to second language learners. This study aims to uncover the strategies of second language learners despite the difficulties they face. Eighteen respondents are invited to join think-aloud protocols (TAP sessions). During the TAP sessions, respondents are instructed to answer thirty written questions assessing conversational implicature and, at the same time, asked to narrate their thoughts out loud during the session. The responses during these sessions are recorded and transcribed. The data is then codified and analyzed using receptive strategy categorization developed by Vandergrift (1997). The results of the analysis lead to clues on how second language learners, in general, strategize to understand conversational implicature. This study also reveals the difference between strategies used by learners with high implicature scores and those used by learners with low implicature scores. (Universitas Negeri Semarang)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"415-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-culmination and Serial Verb Construction in Korean","authors":"Juwon Lee","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36.3.201912.003","url":null,"abstract":"In English the inherent result of a lexical causative (e.g. open and burn) must occur for a sentence headed by the verb to be true; it is simply contradictory to say, for example, that John opened a door, but it was not opened or that John burned a book, but it was not burned. By contrast, the corresponding sentences in some other languages are acceptable (e.g. Thai, Tamil, Hindi, Chinese, Japanese, and Salish languages), and the sentences are said to be interpreted as non-culmination (more specifically, zero result). Korean is one of those languages (Park 1993; Y-S. Lee 2004; J. Lee 2015; Martin 2016; Beavers and Lee In press). Although non-culmination research has recently attracted much attention, most studies on it in the literature have focused on lexical causatives. This paper aims to extend the coverage of non-culmination research to serial verbs, which are considered typical complex predicates in Korean. Particularly, it is shown, following J. Lee (2015), that V1 (the first verb) of a serial verb construction does not allow zero result, but V2 (the second verb) does. To account for this difference, I propose in this paper the Final Event Hypothesis that only the final subevent in the event structure of a causative predicate is cancelable whether the predicate encodes a direct or indirect causation. Some predictions of this hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis in J. Lee (2015) are tested with other similar data and resultative constructions in Korean, which I argue further supports the Final Event Hypothesis. (Jeonju University)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"389-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of rater effect in the evaluation of second language grammatical knowledge in the context of writing: Application of a generalized linear model","authors":"Hyun Jung Kim, Junkyu Lee, Hyun-Jo You","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36..201909.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36..201909.002","url":null,"abstract":"Kim, Hyun Jung, Junkyu Lee, and Hyun-Jo You. 2019. Analysis of rater effect in the evaluation of second language grammatical knowledge in the context of writing: Application of a generalized linear model. Linguistic Research 36(Special Edition), 25-57. Despite ample testing research involving the impact of rater background characteristics (e.g. raters’ native language) on assessment, relatively little has been known about how raters’ linguistic knowledge influences their scoring decision-making process. By associating second language acquisition research with regard to two types of linguistic knowledge (i.e. implicit and explicit knowledge), this study aims to explore the influence of raters’ linguistic knowledge and other rater factors (including teaching experience) on second language writing assessment, particularly in relation to the grammatical aspect of performance. Forty-two raters’ grammatical knowledge was measured with an untimed paper-and-pencil grammar test (explicit knowledge) and a timed computer-based experiment (implicit knowledge). The raters also responded to a background questionnaire. For scoring, the raters evaluated five examinees’ responses on two writing tasks (a personal essay and an argumentative essay), based on a six-point analytic scoring rubric. An analysis of a cumulative link mixed model revealed that the raters’ scores could be significantly related to their grammatical knowledge and teaching experience. In addition, different effects emerged across the examinees’ ability levels. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the predictors with respect to rating performance and provide practical implications for rater selection and training in second language performance assessment. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies · Seoul National University)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44252483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading methods and referential context effects in L2 ambiguity resolution","authors":"Yoo-ki Kim, Jeong-Ah Shin","doi":"10.17250/khisli.36..201909.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.36..201909.001","url":null,"abstract":"Kim, YooLae and Jeong-Ah Shin. 2019. Reading methods and referential context effects in L2 ambiguity resolution. Linguistic Research 36(Special Edition), 1-23. Second language (L2) learners’ syntactic processing is known to be shallow and fragile, but a number of studies have indicated that L2 learners have the potential to overcome their weak syntactic representations and have more concrete syntactic processing under some specific circumstances (Lim and Ahn 2015; Lim and Christianson 2013a, 2013b, 2015; Williams 2006). This study examined L2 learners’ ambiguous sentence processing through various factors, and investigated whether the auditory perceptual simulation (APS) method induces faster reading times and better comprehension results for an ambiguous sentence such as The patient presented by the doctor felt embarrassed forgetting all the attention compared to silent reading, and whether different contextual information affects the learners in processing such ambiguous sentences more effectively. In a self-paced reading experiment, participants read reduced clause or unreduced relative clause sentences preceded by 1-NP-referent contexts or 2-NP-referents contexts through silent reading or APS reading. If the APS reading group were affected by prosodic information, they would have faster reading times and higher accuracy rates than the silent reading group. In addition, if the participants were able to use the referential information from the context, the 2-NP-referents contexts would also show better processing. The results revealed that both the silent reading group and the APS reading group had good comprehension outcomes, indicating that reading methods had no effects in inducing the readers to process ambiguous sentences. However, the reading times for the target region showed the effects of the reading method, the proficiency, the context, and the sentence type, indicating that APS reading enhanced reading of past participles of reduced relative clause more naturally. Especially for the intermediate learners, there was a significant main effect for the APS reading methods, which helped them to have better reading skills for syntactic processing. (Dongguk University)","PeriodicalId":43095,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43902484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}