Radosław Rogoza, Ana Blasco-Belled, Marta Rogoza, Carles Alsinet
{"title":"The general factor of personality is related to emotional, psychological, and social well-being","authors":"Radosław Rogoza, Ana Blasco-Belled, Marta Rogoza, Carles Alsinet","doi":"10.5114/cipp/171609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/171609","url":null,"abstract":"Background The general factor of personality is defined as a blend of socially desirable attributes of basic personality traits. It is related to a variety of socially desirable qualities, including emotional well-being. However, its relationship with psychological and social well-being has been underexplored. Participants and procedure Across three studies (N = 556, N = 448, N = 3,294) from three different countries (Poland, Spain, and USA), we show that the general factor of personality is highly related to a general factor of well-being and to its specific dimensions. Results Results from Study 1 confirmed this association using a basic measure of well-being (i.e., the Mental Health Continuum), results from Study 2 confirmed this association using six specific measures of well-being, while results from Study 3 repro-duced a congruent result using a large-scale community sample. Conclusions Our findings align with the existing literature stressing the positive link between the general factor of personality and as-pects of well-being.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135147823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Zajenkowska, Ewa Duda, Claire Lawrence, Marta Bodecka
{"title":"Attributional and attentional patterns in the perception of ambiguous harmful encounters involving peer and authority figures","authors":"Anna Zajenkowska, Ewa Duda, Claire Lawrence, Marta Bodecka","doi":"10.5114/cipp/166751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/166751","url":null,"abstract":"Background Self-construal influences the way people ascribe blame to victims, but it is not clear whether the same applies to harm do-ers, especially those in a position of authority. Participants and procedure We examined (N = 122, men n = 60) participants’ ascriptions of both blame and intentionality to harm doers (authority fig-ure versus peer) while priming self-construal (relational versus individual self). Using eye-tracking, we explored whether priming relational self, compared to individual self, affects the allocation of attention to faces versus objects. Results Although no effects of priming were found, the type of harm doer influenced the way people interpreted harmful social encounters. Participants attributed both greater intentionality and blame to peer than authority perpetrators. Also, in the case of peer perpetrators, blame ascription was higher than judgements of intentionality, which was the opposite pattern for authority perpetrators, where judgements of intentionality were greater than ascribed blame. In regard to encoding, par-ticipants independently of the type of harm doer looked significantly longer at faces than at objects in violent scenes. Conclusions Our results suggest the status of perpetrator influences judgements of harm independently of intrapersonal factors, such as primed self-construal. Moreover, people perceived as authority figures are not blamed for the hurtful action, despite attribut-ed intentionality.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juraj Jonáš, Nikola Doubková, Radek Heissler, Edel M. Sanders, Marek Preiss
{"title":"Personality correlates of social attitudes and social distance","authors":"Juraj Jonáš, Nikola Doubková, Radek Heissler, Edel M. Sanders, Marek Preiss","doi":"10.5114/cipp/166031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/166031","url":null,"abstract":"Background Previous studies have shown that personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) re-late to prejudicial attitudes. However, one of the aspects of prejudice is social distance; its association with personality traits was overlooked by previous studies. Therefore, this study examines the connection between the Big Five personality traits and social distance toward certain social groups. Participants and procedure Participants from the general population were recruited through leaflets, the institutional webpage, Facebook, and through the project recruitment website and assessed via paper-and-pencil or online form. A total of 214 participants were included (of whom 68.2% were women and the mean age was 32.65, SD = 11.27, range 18-72) who completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale and the 44-item Big Five Inventory questionnaire. Results The results showed a relationship between social distance, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Agreeableness seems to lower the social distance toward all studied groups. In comparison, openness to experience seems to lower the social dis-tance towards groups that evoke more polarized attitudes in the majority (e.g., migrants). Furthermore, the influence of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and gender) is also significant. Conclusions This study shows that personality is significantly related to social distancing and expression of prejudicial attitudes. In par-ticular, agreeableness and openness to experience have different effects on social distance and attitudes towards different groups. Further implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Galán, David Pineda, Pilar Rico-Bordera, José A. Piqueras, Ana Martínez-Martínez
{"title":"Are the dark personalities sincere? Connections between the Dark Triad and the Big Three","authors":"Manuel Galán, David Pineda, Pilar Rico-Bordera, José A. Piqueras, Ana Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.5114/cipp/169801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/169801","url":null,"abstract":"Background There are different theories and models of personality. In the antisocial area, the model used is the Dark Triad, a model of personality composed of the traits of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. The links between the Dark Triad and other general models have been widely studied; however, there is little research connecting it with the traditional, but still used, model of personality described by Eysenck (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the connections between the Dark Triad of personality and Eysenck’s personality model. Addi-tionally, we interpret the connections between the sincerity scale of Eysenck’s model and the Dark Triad. Participants and procedure Our final sample was composed of 2385 participants who completed different personality questionnaires measuring the Dark Triad and Eysenck’s model. Bivariate analyses and structural equation modelling were performed. Results Narcissism and Machiavellianism have positive connections with neuroticism and extraversion, whereas psychopathy is positively associated with psychoticism and negatively associated with extraversion. All the Dark Triad traits, mainly Machiavellianism, show the strongest connections with sincerity. Conclusions Considering the deceptive and manipulative nature of the Dark Triad, these results would imply that these traits could be mismeasured in some contexts. However, in research conditions those people who score higher on the Dark Tetrad traits do not hide behaviours that tend to be socially undesirable, implying some degree of honesty in their answers. Further efforts to develop more objective measures, such as implicit, indirect, task-based, or forced-choice measures, should be considered.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of workplace harassment on the level of mental disorders: the moderating role of gender","authors":"Agnieszka Lipińska-Grobelny","doi":"10.5114/cipp/170212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/170212","url":null,"abstract":"Background Studies prove a positive relationship between mobbing in the workplace and the level of mental disorders. In the present research, it was decided to test whether gender is a moderator of the relationships under consideration. It is well known that women and men experience differences in the general clinical manifestations of certain disorders such as depression, anxiety and addiction. Furthermore, women are more likely to experience mobbing than men. Therefore, it was decided to test whether gender could be a moderator of the relationship between workplace harassment and the level of mental disorders. Participants and procedure Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 220 people aged 22-65 years employed in various Polish workplaces with at least one year of work experience, including 108 women and 112 men, using tools with verified psychometric properties. These were the Negative Action Questionnaire (NAQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results The analyses conducted showed that gender significantly alters the relationship between mobbing and general mental health, levels of somatic disorders, anxiety and insomnia, and symptoms of depression. In terms of psychological wellbeing, men, compared to women, have a much stronger reaction to harassment, both of a personal nature and directly aimed at the work sphere. Conclusions The aforementioned relationships may find practical application in the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of the effects of workplace harassment.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dariusz Drążkowski, Sebastian Pietrzak, Laura Mądry
{"title":"Temporary change in personality states among social media users: effects of Instagram use on Big Five personality states and consumers' need for uniqueness.","authors":"Dariusz Drążkowski, Sebastian Pietrzak, Laura Mądry","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110938","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests that certain personality traits influence the frequency of social media use. However, the potential effect of social media use on personality states merits investigation as well, in light of the personality dynamics approach.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>We conducted an experimental study in which 325 Instagram users were asked to count selfies and emoticons on their Instagram profiles (experimental condition) or their phones (control condition). Subsequently, all participants responded to questions from the Big Five personality inventory and scale to measure the need for uniqueness in consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Instagram users had a higher neuroticism state and a higher need for uniqueness compared with the controls. In terms of the other Big Five states, we observed no differences between the study conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study explores the novel direction of the relationship between social media use and personality, suggesting that using Instagram can temporarily change personality states.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77365641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I believe what I see: Impact of attire and academic degree on evaluation of personality traits of a politician.","authors":"Bożydar L J Kaczmarek, Marcin Stencel","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110851","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp.2021.110851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The image of a politician primes people to judge his/her personality traits. Voters are looking for such qualities as honesty, intelligence, friendliness, sincerity, and trustworthiness. Most studies, however, concentrate on the evaluation of faces, and only some take into account the candidate's attire.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>The research included 320 participants between 18 and 78 years. It aimed to assess whether the parliamentary candidate's attire affects voters' evaluation of his personality traits. A description of his program was also presented to determine whether it affected the candidate's evaluation. Participants observed four versions of a fictional candidate's election materials: the candidate dressed in a formal suit or dressed casually and dressed formally or casually but bearing a doctor's degree. We used a self-constructed questionnaire to evaluate selected traits of the candidate's character.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that participants believed an individual in casual wear to be more <i>active, attractive, open to people and the world, friendly, honest</i>, and <i>reliable</i>, and only more <i>smart</i>, and <i>effective</i> while dressed formally. Also, the academic degree proved to be of importance. Accordingly, the same person with a doctorate was additionally evaluated as <i>competent, responsible</i> when dressed casually, and <i>responsible</i> when wearing a suit. It confirms the assumption that the informal dress and academic degree are most influential. The program description proved to be of no significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that the way the candidate was dressed affected the evaluation of his personality characteristics. The participants attributed the casually dressed candidate the traits expected from a politician.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"10 4","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Author correction: Relations with parents and identity statuses in the relational domain in emerging adults.","authors":"Justyna Michałek","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2021.104754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.104754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2016.61757.].</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"9 1","pages":"96-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Skalski, Patrycja Uram, P. Dobrakowski, A. Kwiatkowska
{"title":"Thinking Too Much About the Novel Coronavirus. The Link Between Persistent Thinking About COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects","authors":"S. Skalski, Patrycja Uram, P. Dobrakowski, A. Kwiatkowska","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/p924a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p924a","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Earlier reports have shown that anxiety over the novel coronavirus may predict mental functioning during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the links between persistent thinking about COVID-19, anxiety over SARS-CoV-2 and trauma effects. For the purpose of this study, the Polish adaptation of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was implemented. Participants and procedure. The study involved 356 individuals aged 18–78 (58% females). In addition to OCS, the participants completed the following questionnaires: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire. Results. OCS was characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties (α = .82). Regression analysis indicated that persistent thinking about COVID-19 was associated with increased coronavirus anxiety and negative trauma effects. In addition, anxiety served as a partial mediator in the link between persistent thinking about COVID-19 and negative trauma effects. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that persistent thinking about the pandemic may be dysfunctional for mental health during the spread of the infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85349223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autistic traits, adolescence, and anti-social peer pressure","authors":"Diarmuid Verrier, Sabrina Halton, M. Robinson","doi":"10.5114/cipp.2020.94317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.94317","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000The potential role of autism as a moderator of conformity has recently been investigated by a small number of studies. However, as yet, no consensus has emerged as to whether autism or autistic traits can moderate the degree to which people attend to and are influenced by social pressure, nor whether there are specific circumstances under which this might occur. The current study adds to this ambiguous literature by looking at whether autism and autistic traits are associated with conformity in the context of adolescent peer pressure. \u0000 \u0000Participants and procedure \u0000A sample of 12-16 year old students completed questionnaire measures of peer conformity (e.g., in relation to smoking, skipping school, etc.), resistance to peer influence, and autistic traits. Approximately half had an autism-related diagnosis, and none had an intellectual impairment. \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Controlling for age, gender, and academic ability, we found that degree of autistic traits was associated with reduced peer conformity, while a diagnosis of autism was not. In contrast, neither autism nor autistic traits were related to resistance to peer influence. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000These results are contextualised in terms of past research and positioned within a broader model of individual differences and conformity in which autistic traits moderate the degree to which a person perceives peer influence, while resistance to peer influence moderates the degree to which one conforms to peer influence. Possible future avenues of inquiry are suggested.","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":"143 1","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81716544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}