Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya最新文献

{"title":"Training and Retraining of Personnel in the System of Soviet Authorities in the Lower Volga Region at the First Stage of Socialist Reconstruction (1928–1932)","authors":"Ekaterina Furman","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The success of the large-scale transformations carried out in the country at the first stage of socialist reconstruction largely depended on the solution of the personnel issue in the process of systematic training of qualified personnel both for the economic sphere and for the Soviet authorities. Methods and materials. The study was based on traditional methods (historical-comparative, historical-systemic, genetic) and principles (objectivity, historicism, consistency) of historical research. Most of the documents involved in the research process were unpublished archival sources from the State Regional Archive of the Volgograd Region and the Center for Documentation of the Recent History of the Volgograd Region. Analysis. The research is aimed at identifying the problems of training and retraining personnel of Soviet authorities in the Lower Volga Region. Results. The first stage of socialist reconstruction, the administrative-territorial reform, and the creation of the Lower Volga Region brought the problem of personnel training into the category of key problems, the success of solving which was directly linked to the implementation of major changes in the political, economic, and social spheres during the first five-year plan. The problem of training and retraining personnel of the Soviet authorities in the region had to be solved against the background of the systemic “processing” personnel, the low level of education of applicants and working Soviet managers, the lack of a systematic accounting the personnel link until 1929 and, as a result, high rates of personnel rotation, especially at the level of the district and village, which determined the main directions of activity of the regional authorities in this matter – the need to intensify efforts to introduce accounting, accurately identify “bottlenecks” in the process of training and retraining of personnel, systematic planning of educational activities for the training and retraining of personnel.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russians in Republic of Uzbekistan: Demography, Identity, and Social Dynamics","authors":"Yulia Tsyryapkina","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.The article analyzes the issues of demographic development, identity, and social dynamics among Russians on the basis of the field materials collected in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period from 2011 to 2019. Methods and materials. Based on historical and anthropological approaches, the article proves that the term “Russians” in the context of Uzbekistan should be considered without ethnicization; Russian people in the Republic can’t be analyzed as a homogeneous ethnic group. It was revealed that the alternative denominations for this group are such terms as “Russian speaking” and “Europeans,” including the descendants of migrants to Central Asia during the time of the Russian Empire and the Soviet period. Analysis. It was proved that the demographic activities of Russian speaking ethnic groups (Russian Ukrainians, Tartars, and Koreans) in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period from 1991 to 2021 are gradually decreasing. It was revealed that the dominant features of the social dynamics of Russian people in the period of sovereignty were: the loss of special legal and “symbolic” status; the realization of minority status; and dependence on state policy in the national sphere. Results. Russian people in Uzbekistan preserve “European” social-cultural identity and emphasize the borders with the national identity of the indigenous population of the region. During the period under research, the complex and diverse identity of the Russian population, including local and regional identity, has become stronger. The narrowing of the socio-economic profile of Russians in the cities of the Republic of Uzbekistan becomes a conspicuous phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian National Congress in the Years of the Lansdowne’s Government (1888–1894): Problems of Development","authors":"Dmitrii Nikitin","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the main activities of the Indian National Congress (INC) during the reign of Viceroy Lansdowne. During this period, the main objects of the Congress were official recognition by the colonial administration and the expansion of propaganda work in Britain. But Congress also had several internal problems, such as an undeveloped organizational structure and controversies over unresolved social problems in India. Methods and materials. Based on reports on the annual sessions of the INC and the Indian and British press, the article examines the main problems of the development of the INC in 1888– 1894, the reasons for the increased activity of the Congress in England and the process of the emergence of the Congress’ branches in London and the Indian Parliamentary Committee, and the peculiarities of the relationship between Congress and the colonial administration. Analysis. The Viceroy’s views on Congress and their differences from the previous course of the Indian government are analyzed. The specifics of the activities of the INC in Great Britain are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the parliamentary work of the Congress. The reasons for the intensification of internal contradictions in the INC in the early 1890s are investigated. Results. It is concluded that Viceroy Lansdowne’s refusal to abandon the repressive policy towards the Congress contributed to the progressive development of the Congress, which manifested itself in the revitalization of its activities in Great Britain. However, the development was accompanied by the strengthening of internal organizational contradictions and the beginning of the formation of a Congress’ radical wing.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Security Integration in the SADC Region","authors":"Chimuka Singuwa, Gabriel Honrada","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is one of Africa’s most vivid examples of security integration. As the regional group aspires to promote political and economic independence, peace and security are considered indispensable for regional development, as instability in one member state could harm neighboring countries. Methods and materials. Relevant literature was critically analyzed, and the study adopted a secondary data collection method as an approach. Using the theory of security communities and theories of integration, this paper analyzed the historical security cooperation between the countries in the region as the first step towards regional integration in Southern Africa, that is, the restraining of the apartheid regime in South Africa. Analysis. The analysis further focused on establishing and evolving the Organ on Politics, Defense, and Security (OPDS) and its institutional relationship with the SADC Summit. Results. The findings showed that SADC faced more internal challenges than external ones, which led to regional integration. Leading factors in the lack of peace and security were armed conflict, legacy of violence, and poor governance, among others. SADC envisioned peace and security through the adopted Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ (SIPO). The author concludes that the SADC Summit and the OPDS are the leading platforms for managing security issues in the SADC region.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Payrolls as a Source for the Reconstruction of Ship Biographies on the Example of the Sarapul Operating Office 1954–1962","authors":"Nikolas Mityukov, Natalia Toshchevikova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Payrolls are one of the valuable historical sources, which, unfortunately, has limited access due to the law on the protection of personal data. Since they are the most popular source for confirming the length of service and income of citizens, often the funds of organizations can consist of only one payroll. In this regard, the development of processing procedures to identify the implicit information contained in them is relevant. Methods and materials. The work is devoted to a methodical generalization of the authors’ experience in working with payrolls for the period 1954–1962 of the Udmurt administration of small rivers for the reconstruction of the biographies of the ships available there. Analysis and results. The greatest efficiency was demonstrated by the joint analysis of payrolls with orders for personnel. At the first stage, it is advisable to present the payroll data in tabular form. After that, the table is decomposed and a search is made for possible duplicates and combinations of ships. As a result of the work, it is shown that payrolls are a valuable source, not only as a basis for subsequent statistical processing but also as a narrative source of information. On the example of payrolls at the Sarapul operational office in 1954–1962, the operational information of the fleet available there was reconstructed. It is concluded that they are a more timely and objective source than, for example, statistical reports; therefore, in cases of disagreement, preference should be given to payroll statements. Author’s contribution. N.W. Mitiukov made an analytical summary of the submitted documents. N.V. Toshchevikova carried out an archival search, selection of documents, and editing of the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defeated Before the Court of Victors: Trials of Rebels During the Crisis Period of the Mongol Empire (2nd Half of the 13th C.)","authors":"Roman Pochekaev","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The aim of the paper is a study of the evolution of legal relations on the territory of the Mongol Empire in the second half of the 13th century. The subjects of analysis are trials over the members of the ruling imperial family who were defeated during their rebellions and intestine wars. Methods and materials. The sources of the study are medieval oriental sources, including Persian chronicles (by Rashid ad-Din, Mu’in ad-Din Natanzi, Mirza Ulugbek), Chinese dynastic history (“Yuan Shih”), etc. The methods used in the paper are critical analysis of textual sources, historical legal study, formal legal approach, and comparative historical analysis. Analysis. Four judicial processes are analyzed: the trial of Arigh Buqa, defeated by his brother Kubilai in 1264; the trial of Chinggisids over Boraq, head of Chaghatai Ulus, in 1269; the trial of Khubilai over prince Nayan in 1287; and the trial of Ilkhan Gazan over usurper Baydu in 1295. Information from the sources gives a reason to state that trials of defeated nobles reflected the process of decline of the imperial state system and misuse of principles established by Chinggis Khan and his proximate successors. Results. The analyzed information contains valuable additions to our idea of the judicial process in the Mongol Empire, specifically in cases of mutineers compared to other types of cases judged in the Empire and Chinggisid states. It also highlights the evolution of this process during the crisis of imperial power and its differences with the Chinggisid imperial law’s declared observance in the Empire and its uluses.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Gender Studies in the Research of the Battle of Stalingrad","authors":"Alexandra Elokhina","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Historiography devoted to the study of wartime Stalingrad demonstrates the changing object of Stalingrad studies. We can distinguish several successive research narratives and research programmes. Methods and materials. The article is of a reviewing, historiographical nature. The main methodology used in this article is the study methodology for research programmes. Methods of gender studies are also used in the article. Analysis. The traditional natural narrative is devoted to the description of military operations in the city from September 1942 to February 1943. Historians focus on the military units and formations (battalions, regiments, divisions, and armies) involved in the hostilities. The 2000s brought a change in the object of research in the historiography of the Battle of Stalingrad. For the first time, the civilian population of the military Stalingrad became the object of close study. A continuation and deepening of the “civilian population” narrative is the theme of the “children of Stalingrad.” It would seem that after studying Stalingrad’s childhood, it is logical to talk about women. But it is difficult to make the Stalingrad woman an object of scientific research. If the child has already become a “legitimate” object of historical study, the woman is still regarded as a kind of “weak” analogue of the man. The functional roles of a woman (wife and mother) almost always supersede her gender specificity and her experience. Results. One of the tasks of such research should be to analyse the change in a woman’s social role from wife, mother, and keeper of the home to a more independent and important member of society. The special socioeconomic and political position of women in Soviet military society still requires close study. The methodology of gender studies should come to Stalingrad studies.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A.K. Vydrin’s Memoirs as a Source on the History of the Civil War","authors":"Irina Petrova, Olga Rvacheva","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need for an objective study of events related to the history of the civil war. The study of archival sources by the Tsaritsyn (since 1925 – Stalingrad) Commission for the collection and processing of materials on the history of the October Revolution and the Civil War (histparty) will expand the documentary base for researchers on this topic. The purpose of the article is to conduct a source and archeographic study of the memoirs of one of the prominent figures of the Civil War. The author’s tasks were to identify the memories of A.K. Vydrin in the Stalingrad Histparty Fund, study the biography of their author, and analyze the preserved memories as a historical source on the history of Tsaritsyn 1918–1920. Methods and materials. The article is based on archival documents and materials from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the State Archive of the Volgograd region. The study of archival documents was based on the principles of source studies and critical analysis of historical sources. In the 1920s and 1930s, the memoirs of eyewitnesses to the events were published, including those of participants in the fighting on the Tsaritsyn front (V. Alekseev, S. Minin, etc.). However, most of the memories have not yet been introduced into scientific circulation. Analysis. When analyzing the memories, the author’s personality is characterized, and a textual and factual study of the text is carried out. Results. The result of the study is a biography of a participant in the civil war and the historical value of memories as a source on the history of Tsaritsyn at the beginning of the twentieth century. Authors’ contribution. O.V. Rvacheva analyzed the activities of the Histparty Commission, described the tasks of forming narrative sources, characterized the memoirs as a specific source base, and revealed information that reveals the historical value of A.K. Vydrin’s memoirs (historical events, personalities that complement the historical picture of revolutionary events and the civil war in Tsaritsyn). I.S. Petrova performed an archeographic description and analysis of A.K. Vydrin’s memoirs, assessed the significance of the memoirs for studying the revolution and the civil war in Tsaritsyn, and prepared the text of the source for publication.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USSR in Civil Wars in the Countries of the Third World in the Second Half of the 1970s (On the Example of Angola and Afghanistan)","authors":"Taisiуa Rabush, Rustam Solovyev","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the features of the Cold War was the movement of the rivalry of the superpowers into local armed conflicts and civil wars that took place on the territory of other states, mainly the Third World. The article examines the process of the involvement of the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1970s in the civil wars in Angola and Afghanistan. The policy of the USSR in armed conflicts outside the zone of its military-political influence has often been the subject of scientific research, but it has rarely been subjected to comparative analysis, and the authors make such an attempt, which is the novelty of the study. Methods and materials. The main method of the study is the method of comparative analysis (the actions of the USSR in 1975–1979 during the conflict in Angola and Soviet actions in the same period in Afghanistan are compared); the authors rely on documents, memoirs, and previous scientific works. Analysis. The first part of the article examines the process of the USSR’s involvement in the civil war in Angola, which began there soon after gaining independence, from the diplomatic recognition of the People’s Republic of Angola to the dispatch of Soviet military specialists. The second part of the article is devoted to the development of events in Afghanistan after the April 1978 revolution and Soviet involvement in them. Results. The authors conclude that the line adopted by the Soviet Union in relation to the military confrontation in Angola (financial, military, and other assistance, the dispatch of weapons, and military specialists) was ultimately more successful than the line implemented in relation to the civil war in Afghanistan in the form of direct military intervention by the Soviet army and its participation in the conflict outside the country. Authors contribution. T.V. Rabush described and analyzed the development of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Angola and with Afghanistan. R.A. Solovyev examined the military aspects of Soviet-Angolan and Soviet-Afghan cooperation (supply of weapons, sending military advisers, etc.). The research concept, conclusions, and literary editing of the text were carried out jointly.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Sarmatian Swords and Daggers from the Burials of the Berezovsky Kurgan Burial Ground","authors":"Valerij Berezutskij","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the main types of Sarmatian weapons is bladed weapons, represented by daggers and swords. The relatively small number of Late Sarmatian burials in the forest-steppe Podonye determines the importance of publishing new materials – daggers and swords. Materials. The materials for the analysis were artifacts (iron daggers and swords) discovered during the study of kurgan burial ground 4 near the village of Berezovka in the Vorobyevsky district of the Voronezh region (left bank of the Middle Don). In four of the seven burials examined, bladed weapons were found. The dead were buried under separate mounds in elongated rectangular pits and chambers clogged with continental clay. The heads of the buried were directed to the southern sector (three burials) and to the east-northeast (one burial). Bladed weapons were located according to the tradition of the Scythians and Sarmatians – at the right hand with the tip to the extremities of the legs. Methods. The study used a comparative typological method that allowed us to distinguish the found daggers and swords into a separate type of bladed weapons; the method of analogies, which was used to compare the type with similar finds in the Sarmatian culture; and the chronological method, which made it possible to attribute the discovered blades to the late Sarmatian culture. Analysis. During the analysis of artifacts, typical signs of bladed weapons characteristic of the late Sarmatian culture were identified; although the time of their appearance belongs to the early and Middle Sarmatian periods, their chronological framework was determined (mid-2nd – 4th centuries AD). A dagger and a sword were found together in two burials. Results. All burials in which bladed weapons were found belong to men (age range from 25–30 years to 35–40 years). Judging by the available data, the joint occurrence of a dagger and a sword in the burial may indicate in favor of the opinion that there are burials of professional soldiers in the burial ground.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}