20世纪70年代后半期第三世界国家内战中的苏联(以安哥拉和阿富汗为例)

IF 0.1 Q3 HISTORY
Taisiуa Rabush, Rustam Solovyev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍。冷战的特征之一是超级大国之间的竞争演变为发生在其他国家(主要是第三世界)领土上的局部武装冲突和内战。本文考察了苏联在20世纪70年代下半叶卷入安哥拉和阿富汗内战的过程。苏联在其军事政治影响范围以外的武装冲突中的政策往往是科学研究的主题,但很少对其进行比较分析,作者进行了这样的尝试,这是研究的新颖之处。方法和材料。研究的主要方法是比较分析法(比较1975-1979年苏联在安哥拉冲突中的行动和苏联同期在阿富汗的行动);作者依靠文献、回忆录和以前的科学著作。分析。文章的第一部分考察了苏联参与安哥拉内战的过程,这场内战在安哥拉获得独立后不久就开始了,从外交上承认安哥拉人民共和国到派遣苏联军事专家。文章的第二部分专门讨论1978年4月革命和苏联介入后阿富汗事件的发展。结果。作者的结论是,苏联对安哥拉军事对抗所采取的路线(财政、军事和其他援助,派遣武器和军事专家)最终比苏联军队直接军事干预和参与国外冲突的形式对阿富汗内战所采取的路线更为成功。作者的贡献。T.V. Rabush描述并分析了苏联与安哥拉以及与阿富汗外交关系的发展。R.A.索洛维耶夫审查了苏联-安哥拉和苏联-阿富汗合作的军事方面(武器供应、派遣军事顾问等)。本文的研究理念、研究结论和文献编辑是共同进行的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
USSR in Civil Wars in the Countries of the Third World in the Second Half of the 1970s (On the Example of Angola and Afghanistan)
Introduction. One of the features of the Cold War was the movement of the rivalry of the superpowers into local armed conflicts and civil wars that took place on the territory of other states, mainly the Third World. The article examines the process of the involvement of the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1970s in the civil wars in Angola and Afghanistan. The policy of the USSR in armed conflicts outside the zone of its military-political influence has often been the subject of scientific research, but it has rarely been subjected to comparative analysis, and the authors make such an attempt, which is the novelty of the study. Methods and materials. The main method of the study is the method of comparative analysis (the actions of the USSR in 1975–1979 during the conflict in Angola and Soviet actions in the same period in Afghanistan are compared); the authors rely on documents, memoirs, and previous scientific works. Analysis. The first part of the article examines the process of the USSR’s involvement in the civil war in Angola, which began there soon after gaining independence, from the diplomatic recognition of the People’s Republic of Angola to the dispatch of Soviet military specialists. The second part of the article is devoted to the development of events in Afghanistan after the April 1978 revolution and Soviet involvement in them. Results. The authors conclude that the line adopted by the Soviet Union in relation to the military confrontation in Angola (financial, military, and other assistance, the dispatch of weapons, and military specialists) was ultimately more successful than the line implemented in relation to the civil war in Afghanistan in the form of direct military intervention by the Soviet army and its participation in the conflict outside the country. Authors contribution. T.V. Rabush described and analyzed the development of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Angola and with Afghanistan. R.A. Solovyev examined the military aspects of Soviet-Angolan and Soviet-Afghan cooperation (supply of weapons, sending military advisers, etc.). The research concept, conclusions, and literary editing of the text were carried out jointly.
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